HISTOLOGÍA DE HUESOS HUMANOS SECOS (UNA REVISIÓN)

Despite archaeological preservation conditions, the histomorphology of human dry bone still contains useful information on the physiological and pathological status of deceased individuals. Histology can therefore be a helpful addition to routine archaeological methods. But practice has shown  that, for many archaeologists, unfamiliarity with this technique shaped a pointless obstacle to add it to their tool box. Thus, after having addressed the restrictions associated with histological analysis in general, we will show  that the preparation  of sections/slides  does not need to be diff icult, expensive or time-consuming.  Then  we  will  provide  an introduction  to the histological  application  of assessing age at death of the deceased.  It’s must be its theoretical basis, its value in comparison  to other  methods  and  its limits  are  discussed. Finally, we will elaborate on the effectiveness of histology as an indicator of pathological processes, and explain that only a small number of disorders have distinct ‘pathognonomic’ microscopic features. In  all other cases, the histological findings must be combined with gross anatomical and radiological findings from the same individual to come to a conclusive diagnosis  or to a shortened  list  of differential  (alternative)  diagnoses.Independientemente de las condiciones de conservación arqueológica, la histomorfología de hueso seco humano conserva información útil sobre el estado f isiológico y patológico de las personas fallecidas. Por lo tanto la utilización del análisis histológico puede ser una adición útil a los métodos arqueológicos de rutina. No obstante, en la práctica se ha demostrado, que para muchos arqueólogos la falta de familiaridad con esta técnica constituye un obstáculo para su utilización. Por lo tanto, después de haber abordado  las restricciones  asociadas  al análisis histológico  en general, vamos a demostrar que la preparación de secciones / diapositivas no tiene por qué ser difícil, costoso o requerir mucho tiempo para su utilización. En este trabajo se expone una intro- ducción a la aplicación de la evaluación histológica para poder determinar la edad de la persona fallecida. Se discute su base teórica, su valor en comparación  con otros métodos y sus límites. Por último, vamos a tratar la ef icacia de la histología como indicador de procesos patológicos y  mostrar  que  sólo  un  pequeño  número  de  trastornos  tienen  características  microscópicas ‘patognonomicas’  diferenciadas.  En todos  los demás  casos  los datos  histológicos  deben  ser combinados  con los resultados anatómicos macroscópicos  y radiológicos  del mismo individuo para obtener  un diagnóstico concluyente o una lista abreviada de diferentes (alternativos) diagnósticos

The inner environment of Z~CMa: High-Contrast Imaging Polarimetry with NaCo

Context. Z\,CMa is a binary composed of an embedded Herbig Be and an FU Ori class star separated by $\sim100$ au. Observational evidence indicate a complex environment in which each star has a circumstellar disk and drives a jet, and the whole system is embedded in a large dusty envelope. Aims. We aim to probe the circumbinary environment of Z\,CMa in the inner 400 au in scattered light. Methods. We use high contrast imaging polarimetry with VLT/NaCo at $H$ and $K_s$ bands. Results. The central binary is resolved in both bands. The polarized images show three bright and complex structures: a common dust envelope, a sharp extended feature previously reported in direct light, and an intriguing bright clump located 0\farcs3 south of the binary, which appears spatially connected to the sharp extended feature. Conclusions.We detect orbital motion when compared to previous observations, and report a new outburst driven by the Herbig star. Our observations reveal the complex inner environment of Z\,CMa with unprecedented detail and contrast.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter

Noncommutative Superspace, N=1/2 Supersymmetry, Field Theory and String Theory

We deform the standard four dimensional $\N=1$ superspace by making the odd coordinates $\theta$ not anticommuting, but satisfying a Clifford algebra. Consistency determines the other commutation relations of the coordinates. In particular, the ordinary spacetime coordinates $x$ cannot commute. We study chiral superfields and vector superfields and their interactions. As in ordinary noncommutative field theory, a change of variables allows us to express the gauge interactions in terms of component fields which are subject to standard gauge transformation laws. Unlike ordinary noncommutative field theories, the change of the Lagrangian is a polynomial in the deformation parameter. Despite the deformation, the noncommutative theories still have an antichiral ring with all its usual properties. We show how these theories with precisely this deformation arise in string theory in a graviphoton background.Comment: 19 page

Docetaxel (Taxotere): an active agent in metastatic urothelial cancer; results of a phase II study in non-chemotherapy-pretreated patients.

The semisynthetic taxoid docetaxel was investigated in a phase II study in non-chemotherapy pretreated patients with metastatic urothelial cell cancer. Thirty patients (median age 61, range 45-72) were treated with docetaxel 100 mg m(-2) administered as a 1-h infusion every 3 weeks. Of 29 evaluable patients, four achieved a complete response and five a partial response, for an overall response rate of 31%. The median duration of response was 6 months (range 4-51+). A total of 104 cycles were administered. The median number of cycles given was three (range 1-9). Toxic effects of docetaxel mainly consisted of neutropenia, which, however, rarely caused infectious complications (5%). Fluid retention or neuropathy necessitated treatment cessation in two patients. We conclude that docetaxel is an effective agent in urothelial cell cancer, and should be further tested in combination chemotherapy

AdS Duals of Matrix Strings

We review recent work on the holographic duals of type II and heterotic matrix string theories described by warped AdS_3 supergravities. In particular, we compute the spectra of Kaluza-Klein primaries for type I, II supergravities on warped AdS_3xS^7 and match them with the primary operators in the dual two-dimensional gauge theories. The presence of non-trivial warp factors and dilaton profiles requires a modification of the familiar dictionary between masses and ``scaling'' dimensions of fields and operators. We present these modifications for the general case of domain wall/QFT correspondences between supergravities on warped AdS_{d+1}xS^q geometries and super Yang-Mills theories with 16 supercharges.Comment: 7 pages, Proceedings of the RTN workshop ``The quantum structure of spacetime and the geometric nature of fundamental interactions'', Leuven, September 200

Lattice Models with N=2 Supersymmetry

We introduce lattice models with explicit N=2 supersymmetry. In these interacting models, the supersymmetry generators Q^+ and Q^- yield the Hamiltonian H={Q^+,Q^-} on any graph. The degrees of freedom can be described as either fermions with hard cores, or as quantum dimers. The Hamiltonian of our simplest model contains a hopping term and a repulsive potential, as well as the hard-core repulsion. We discuss these models from a variety of perspectives: using a fundamental relation with conformal field theory, via the Bethe ansatz, and using cohomology methods. The simplest model provides a manifestly-supersymmetric lattice regulator for the supersymmetric point of the massless 1+1-dimensional Thirring (Luttinger) model. We discuss the ground-state structure of this same model on more complicated graphs, including a 2-leg ladder, and discuss some generalizations.Comment: 4 page

Droplet minimizers for the Gates-Lebowitz-Penrose free energy functional

We study the structure of the constrained minimizers of the Gates-Lebowitz-Penrose free-energy functional ${\mathcal F}_{\rm GLP}(m)$, non-local functional of a density field $m(x)$, $x\in {\mathcal T}_L$, a $d$-dimensional torus of side length $L$. At low temperatures, ${\mathcal F}_{\rm GLP}$ is not convex, and has two distinct global minimizers, corresponding to two equilibrium states. Here we constrain the average density L^{-d}\int_{{\cal T}_L}m(x)\dd x to be a fixed value $n$ between the densities in the two equilibrium states, but close to the low density equilibrium value. In this case, a "droplet" of the high density phase may or may not form in a background of the low density phase, depending on the values $n$ and $L$. We determine the critical density for droplet formation, and the nature of the droplet, as a function of $n$ and $L$. The relation between the free energy and the large deviations functional for a particle model with long-range Kac potentials, proven in some cases, and expected to be true in general, then provides information on the structure of typical microscopic configurations of the Gibbs measure when the range of the Kac potential is large enough

Two-hadron interference fragmentation functions. Part I: general framework

We investigate the properties of interference fragmentation functions measurable from the distribution of two hadrons produced in the same jet in the current fragmentation region of a hard process. We discuss the azimuthal angular dependences in the leading order cross section of two-hadron inclusive lepton-nucleon scattering as an example how these interference fragmentation functions can be addressed separately.Comment: RevTeX, 7 figures, first part of a work split in two, second part forthcoming in few day