CLASSIFICAÇÃO MORFODINÂMICA DA PRAIA DO GONZAGA, SANTOS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

A cidade de Santos (SP) está localizada no interior da Baía de Santos, que possui abertura voltada para SSE. Sua linha de praia apresenta, aproximadamente, 7 km extensão e, dentre as praias de Santos, a praia do Gonzaga é uma das mais expostas à ação de frentes frias. Durante três dias (29/set, 20/out e 27/out) no ano de 2010, foi efetuado o monitoramento do perfil praial na praia do Gonzaga. Foram coletados dados de incidência, período, altura e tipo de onda na arrebentação, altura da coluna d’água na arrebentação, direção e velocidade das correntes longitudinais, largura da zona de surfe e espraiamento das ondas. Foi observado ao longo do período que a classificação morfodinâmica da praia estava inicialmente saindo de um estado dissipativo e evoluindo para o estado de banco e calha longitudinal, porém com as entradas de frentes frias, a praia retornou ao estado de extremo erosivo

Vacinação para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19: estudo de base populacional em 133 cidades brasileiras

Influenza vaccination coverage in the elderly was analysed during the COVID-19 pandemic through the EPICOVID-19, a population-based study conducted in 133 cities from the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. Twenty five census tracts were sampled with probability proportional to the size of the tract, 10 households by census tracts and one random person interviewed. A total of 33,250 people were interviewed being 8,262  ≥60 years old. The elderly were asked whether they had had a flu vaccine in 2020. Vaccination coverage was 82.3% (CI95%=8 0.1-84.2) with no difference by sex, age, and region. Higher vaccination coverage was observed in the richest compared to the poorest (84.7% and 80.1%; p=<0.001), and among those with higher schooling (87.3% and 83.2; p=0.007). The indigenous presented lower coverage (56.9%) than other ethnic groups (>80%) (p=0.056). A positive association existed between vaccination coverage and number of comorbidities for men, but not for women. Most of those who were vaccinated (97.5%) received the vaccine in the public health system. The private was chosen mostly in the south, by the rich and by those with more schooling. Vaccination coverage was seven percentage points lower than the government target, and inequalities should be reverted in future campaigns.Avaliou-se a cobertura vacinal para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19 através do EPICOVID-19, inquérito de base populacional realizado em 133 cidades sentinela dos 26 estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Selecionou-se 25 setores censitários por cidade com amostragem proporcional ao tamanho, 10 domicílios por setor e uma pessoa por domicílio, aleatoriamente. Foram entrevistadas 33.250 pessoas, sendo 8.265 idosos. Perguntou-se aos idosos se haviam sido vacinados contra gripe em 2020. A cobertura foi de 82,3% (IC 95% 80,1–84,2), sem diferenças por sexo, idade ou região. Foram observadas maiores coberturas no quintil mais rico (84,7% contra  80,1% no mais pobre; p<0.001) e naqueles com graduação completa (87,3% contra 83,2% com fundamental incompleto; p=0.007), e menor cobertura nos indígenas (56,9% comparado a coberturas superiores a 80% nos demais grupos étnicos) (p=0,056). Houve associação positiva da cobertura com número de comorbidades entre homens, mas não entre mulheres. A maioria vacinou-se na rede pública (97,5%), sendo a rede privada mais utilizada na região sul, pelos mais escolarizados e mais ricos. Conclui-se que a cobertura vacinal ficou sete pontos percentuais abaixo da meta governamental, e que desigualdades devem ser revertidas em futuras campanhas

The Neuraxial Effects of Intraspinal Amitriptyline at Low Concentrations

BACKGROUND: As a result of amitriptyline's vast array of actions, it could potentially be used as an intraspinal adjuvant in neuraxial anesthesia and/or in the treatment of refractory neuropathic pain. None of the previous studies examining the safety profile of intraspinal single doses of amitriptyline found signs of toxicity at concentrations below 15.4 mM/L (0.5%) and the current hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of amitriptyline toxicity suggests it might be safe at low concentrations while still having relevant clinical effects. Hence, we conducted this study to assess the clinical and histological toxicity of intraspinal amitriptyline at the lowest dosages previously known to be effective.METHODS: Twenty-one dogs were randomized to receive a 1-mL single intraspinal dose of one of the three solutions: saline (0.9%), amitriptyline (0.15%), or amitriptyline (0.3%). The dogs were evaluated clinically 1 h after awakening from anesthesia and 21 days later. At 21 days, all animals were killed, and histological sections of the spinal cord and Surrounding meninges were retrieved for analysis.RESULTS: All dogs recovered motor function, anal sphincter tone and sensibility. With the exception of one dog in the 0.15% amitriptyline group, all animals in both amitriptyline groups had marked adhesive arachnoiditis, which was absent in the control group. No evidence of direct neural damage was found on histological sections stained by glial fibrillary acidic protein technique in any of the study animals.CONCLUSION: The intraspinal administration of amitriptyline to dogs even in low concentrations is strongly associated with the development of intense meningeal adhesive arachnoiditis and is not safe even at low concentrations for which there was no previous evidence of toxicity. (Anesth Analg 2009;109:965-71)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Factors associated with periodontal diseases in pregnancy: Findings of the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Although periodontal disease is common during pregnancy, little is known about socioeconomic, behavioral, or biological determinants related to clinically assessed periodontal condition during this period. We assessed the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated factors in pregnant women. This population-based survey used data used from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Pregnant women expected to give birth between December 2014 and May 2016 were interviewed and clinically examined by trained dentist, with periodontal measures collected in all teeth, six sites per tooth. Outcomes were periodontitis (using the 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology criteria) and gingivitis (by the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/ American Academy of Periodontology classification). Multivariate hierarchical Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between socioeconomic, systemic, and clinical oral factors and periodontal disease. A total of 2,474 pregnant women participated in the study. Prevalence of periodontitis and gingivitis was 14.63% and 21.67%, respectively. Lower educational level and calculus were associated with higher prevalence periodontitis and gingivitis (P<0.05). Smoking was also associated with periodontitis (P=0.05), and lower frequency of toothbrushing (P=0.005) with gingivitis. Periodontal disease, especially gingivitis, was prevalent in pregnant women and their determinants were socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical oral health factors

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora