Coliform density in oyster culture waters and its relationship with environmental factors

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as densidades de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, em água de cultivo de ostra de Cananeia, SP, e correlacionar estas densidades com variáveis ambientais e as variações das marés. Foram coletadas amostras de água superficial em duas condições de maré (sizígia e quadratura) de três áreas do Município de Cananéia (Mandira, Itapitangui e Cooperostra). As três áreas estudadas apresentaram boas condições para cultivo, quanto à densidade de coliformes. Diferenças significativas foram registradas entre as condições de marés quanto à concentração total de coliformes; no entanto, o mesmo procedimento não se aplicou para coliformes termotolerantes. Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre a temperatura da água, o pH e as concentrações de coliformes total e termotolerantes. As densidades de coliformes correlacionaram-se positivamente com a pluviosidade e negativamente com a salinidade. O número de coliformes foi significativamente diferente nas marés de sizígia e de quadratura. O simples diagnóstico das condições ambientais é insuficiente para avaliar a qualidade da água de cultivo de ostras. Um programa de monitoramento contínuo de áreas cultivadas é necessário tanto para avaliar o potencial dessas águas, como para garantir o consumo seguro de frutos do mar, além de constituir-se como instrumento importante para a compreensão das relações entre a contaminação por coliformes e as variáveis ambientais envolvidas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the total and thermotolerant coliform densities in the oyster culture water of Cananeia, SP, Brazil, correlating these densities with environmental variables and tidal variations. Superficial water samples were collected in two tide conditions (spring and neap) from three areas of Cananéia municipality (Mandira, Itapitangui and Cooperostra). The three studied areas showed good conditions for the culture regarding coliform densities. The two tidal conditions differed significantly as to total coliform concentration; however, the same procedure was not performed for thermotolerant coliforms. No correlation was observed between water temperature, pH, and concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms. Coliform density was positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with salinity. Spring and neap tides differed significantly as to coliform number. Simple diagnosis of environmental conditions of the crop fields is insufficient to assess water quality of shellfish cultivation. A continuous monitoring program of planted areas is necessary both for the assessment of water quality potential for marine culture and for ensuring safe consumption of seafood, besides constituting an important tool to understand the relationships between contamination and the involved environmental variables

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Considerações ecologicas sobre o mexilhão Perna perna (linnaeus, 1758) em bancos naturais da região de Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil

Orientador : Pierre Charles Georges MontouchetDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Estudaram-se aspectos ecológicos do mexilhão Perna perna em três bancos naturais: Perequê-Açu (I), Prainha (11) e Tenório (111), da região de Ubatuba (São Paulo, Brasil), objetivando gerar conhecimentos básicos para subsidiar a implantação de cultivos dessa espécie e para uma futura regulamentação da exploração dos estoques naturais. O trabalho abrange os seguintes tópicos: a) levantamento dos bancos naturais existentes no litoral do município de Ubatuba; b) determinação da curva de crescimento em comprimento e em peso; c) determinação da relação peso vivo/comprimento; d) estudo da reprodução e fixação em substrato primário; e) estudo da variação mensal do índice de condição. são também apresentados dados de temperatura e salinidade da água, tomados quinzenalmente nas três estações de coleta de dados, durante o período de outubro de 1977 a fevereiro de 1980. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: Ecological aspects of the mussel Perna perna were studied at three natural beds - Perequê-Açu (I), Prainha (11) and Tenorio(III) - in Ubatuba region (São Paulo State, Brazil), in order to obtain basic knowledge to guide the development of mussel farming and natural stock managernent. This study comprises: a) a survey of natural musseI beds a1ong the Ubatuba shoreline; b) determination of growth rates in terms of length and weight; c) determination of live weight/length relationship; d) study of spawning and primary settlement; e) study ofimonthly fluctuation"of meat yield. Semimonthly measures of water temperature and salinity for the three stations, are presented for the study period, between October, 1977 and February, 1980. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertationsMestradoEcologiaMestre em Ciências Biológica

Growth and survival of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758), (Molusca: Pectinidae) in different cultivation structures at Praia Grande do Bonete, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil

Statistical projections show that aquaculture could represent 40% of the world’s annual seafood production in the next decade. The scallop Nodipecten nodosus presents high commercial value and good culture potential, but there are few studies about its culture in Brazil. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of four different culture structures (three traditional and two alternative) regarding growth, survival and simplicity of cleaning off the fouling. Growth was significantly better in the alternative bo-net structure, with 57.6mm after 301 days. Survival was 97.0% in the bo-net structure, 95.6% in the lanter-net and common lantern structures, and 69.2% in the pearl-net structure. There were also significant differences among the fresh weights of fouling attached to the different structures, the highest values being observed in the bo-net and lanter-net structures. Significant differences were not registered among the fouling dry weights. The fresh weights of fouling attached to the shells presented significant differences, with the highest values registered in scallops cultivated in the lanter-net structure. Alternative structures (bo-net and lanter-net) can be employed, because they resulted in better growth and survival of the cultivated scallops

Crescimento e sobrevivência da vieira Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758), (Mollusca: Pectinidae) em diferentes estruturas de cultivo na Praia Grande do Bonete, Ubatuba, Estado de São Paulo

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n1p121Projeções estatísticas indicam que a aquicultura representará 40% da produção mundial de pescado na próxima década. A vieira Nodipecten nodosus apresenta alto valor comercial e boa potencialidade de cultivo, todavia existem poucos estudos sobre o cultivo dessa espécie no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de quatro estruturas de cultivo no crescimento e sobrevivência de vieiras cultivadas, além da facilidade de manejo (limpeza do “fouling” nas estruturas e nas vieiras). Os resultados mostraram que o crescimento foi significativamente maior na estrutura bo-net, com 57,6mm após 301 dias de cultivo, em relação às vieiras cultivadas nas outras estruturas outras estruturas. As sobrevivências registradas foram de 97,0% para a estrutura bo-net, 95,6% para as estruturas lanter-net e lanterna comum, e de 69,2% para a estrutura pearl-net. Ocorreram diferenças significativas na quantidade (peso úmido) de “fouling” incrustado nas diferentes estruturas, sendo a maior quantidade observada nas estruturas bo-net e lanter-net, porém essas diferenças não foram registradas para o peso seco. A estrutura lanter-net proporcionou incrustação de “fouling” significativamente maior nas vieiras. Conclui-se que as estruturas alternativas bo-net e lanter-net podem ser utilizadas, pois proporcionaram melhores valores de crescimento e sobrevivência das vieiras em cultivo

Controle biológico de organismos incrustantes em um cultivo de vieiras Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) em Ubatuba, SP, Brasil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n4p107O presente experimento teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de três organismos (os ouriços-do-mar Echinometra lucunter, Lytechinus variegatus e o gastrópodo Tegula viridula) no controle de bioincrustações em lanternas de cultivo e nas valvas da vieira Nodipecten nodosus. Para tal, vieiras com altura inicial média de 32,6 + 4,9mm, foram cultivadas em oito lanternas japonesas com cinco pisos cada, na densidade de 25 animais / piso, obedecendo ao seguinte delineamento: T1 – controle (somente vieiras); T2 – vieiras com Echinometra lucunter; T3 – vieiras com Lytechinus variegatus; T4 – vieiras com Tegula viridula. Utilizaram-se os biocontroladores nas densidades de quatro (E. lucunter), três (L. variegatus) e 16 animais / piso (T. viridula). Após 150 dias, o experimento foi encerrado e a biomassa remanescente (peso seco) de bioincrustações foi avaliada nas lanternas de cultivo e nas valvas das vieiras. As espécies de ouriços-do-mar E. lucunter e L. variegatus foram mais eficientes no controle das bioincrustações das lanternas (86% e 59% em relação ao tratamento controle, respectivamente), mas não houveram diferenças significativas entre as eficiências dos controladores na remoção das bioincrustações das valvas. Esse resultado sugere que o controle biológico pode ser utilizado como método auxiliar na redução das bioincrustações em cultivos de vieiras

Influence of stocking densities in the nursery phase on the growth of Macrobrachium amazonicum reared in net pens

The Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) is a native species with great potential for aquaculture, based on promising results obtained from experimental culture trials in Brazil. The influence of different stocking densities on the development of prawns reared in cages in the nursery phase as well as on their growth when transferred to grow-out net pens at lower densities was evaluated. In the nursery phase, juveniles I (0.157 +/- 0.014 g, 47 days old) were stocked in 0.5 m(-2) cages at densities of 400, 800 and 1200 m(-2). After 71 days, prawns were transferred to grow-out net pens of 2.0 m(-2), at a density of 20 juveniles II m(-2). The treatments were determined by the mean weights registered for the prawns (118 days old) previously stocked at 400, 800 and 1200 juveniles I m(-2) in the nursery phase: 0.94 +/- 0.07 g (T1), 0.61 +/- 0.04 g (T2) and 0.48 +/- 0.07 g (T3), respectively. In the nursery phase, mean survival was above 96%, whereas mean weights were significantly higher (P<0.05) for the density of 400 prawns m(-2). The highest biomass (276.7 g) and productivity (1152 juveniles II m(-2)) were registered at the density of 1200 prawns m(-2), differing significantly (P<0.05) from the lower densities. One month after the transfer of the animals to the net pens, there was recovery in the specific growth rate (SGR) of prawns in all treatments which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 (4.01 +/- 0.36% day(-1)) and T2 (3.60 +/- 0.18% day(-1)). The feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in the first month after the transfer was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 (78.2 +/- 19.1%) when compared to T1 (39.8 +/- 9.5%). These results suggest the occurrence of a compensatory growth in M. amazonicum after transferring them to lower densities, which can point out high densities for nursery cages as a viable practice. After 277 days of grow-out phase in net pens in the cold season, survival, mean weight and biomass did not differ significantly among the treatments, indicating the viability of using net pens in stocking prawns during autumn and winter, since the minimum temperature does not drop below 17 degrees C. Influence of stocking density during the nursery phase on the grow-out of prawns was not observed. The population structure in prawns reared in net-pens was similar to that observed in earthen ponds. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP