Photographie et maquette chez Le Corbusier. Dialogues entre la création et la diffusion.

De la Villa Fallet en 1907 jusqu’à l’hôpital de Venise en 1965, Le Corbusier a produit des maquettes et les a photographiées, soit pour la diffusion de son œuvre, soit pour utiliser le matériel iconographique comme instrument de travail. La photographie et la maquette apparaissent ainsi comme les acteurs communs de deux scènes qui ont marqué la trajectoire de l’artiste : les lieux de son travail et les espaces de diffusion. La sphère intime et la sphère publique, le moi et l’autre, sont réunies dans ces images nées de l’esprit de Le Corbusier ainsi que du travail de ses photographes et maquettistes, mené en étroite collaboration avec l’architecte pour la plupart d’entre eux. Les différents points de vue photographiques des maquettes montrent que celles-ci jouent un rôle au-delà d’une simulation de la réalité à venir. Comment la maquette est-elle présentée sur la photo ? Comment l’appareil photo se positionne-t-il devant le modèle ? Qu’est-ce qui intéresse l’architecte et le photographe ? Le dialogue entre les deux instruments, l’appareil photographique et la maquette, rend possible l’analyse de l’architecture et sa diffusion, par ailleurs il souligne la dimension plastique de l’objet. La photographie de maquette se démarque de la représentation académique plus traditionnelle du dessin et permet de comprendre les nouveaux processus de projet, à travers la manipulation de la maquette et des matériaux qu’elle occasionne. Il y a là un travail créatif qui demande un dialogue entre l’architecte, le photographe et le maquettiste, au-delà de la commande professionnelle.From Villa Fallet in 1907 to Venice Hospital in 1965, Le Corbusier created architectural models and photographed them, either to be used as media devices or working tools. Photography and architectural modelling therefore serve as actors in both scenes that characterize the architect’s career: his workshops and media forums. Through his intent as well as the work of his photographers and model-makers, who were close collaborators of the architect, Le Corbusier’s photos unite the private and public realms, as well as the self and the other. The different photographic frames demonstrate the use of architectural models as beyond just a simulation of the future building. To what extent is the model built and prepared to be photographed? Heavily related to this are the chosen backgrounds, the bases in which they placed scaled objects to be photographed, the selection of materials and colours to build the models as well as the way they were built. How is the camera placed in front of the model? What is it searching for? Since the camera is placed in several positions and heights in front of the model, attention should be given to the relationship between photographs of the model and more traditional drawing perspectives. There seems to be a dialogue between both tools – the model and the camera – from which a piece of architecture is analysed and revealed. At the same time, the object itself emerges as a work of art, creating a dialogue that goes beyond simulation boundaries and that delves into artistic discourse

Photographie et maquette chez Le Corbusier. Dialogues entre la création et la diffusion.

From Villa Fallet in 1907 to Venice Hospital in 1965, Le Corbusier created architectural models and photographed them, either to be used as media devices or working tools. Photography and architectural modelling therefore serve as actors in both scenes that characterize the architect’s career: his workshops and media forums. Through his intent as well as the work of his photographers and model-makers, who were close collaborators of the architect, Le Corbusier’s photos unite the private and public realms, as well as the self and the other. The different photographic frames demonstrate the use of architectural models as beyond just a simulation of the future building. To what extent is the model built and prepared to be photographed? Heavily related to this are the chosen backgrounds, the bases in which they placed scaled objects to be photographed, the selection of materials and colours to build the models as well as the way they were built. How is the camera placed in front of the model? What is it searching for? Since the camera is placed in several positions and heights in front of the model, attention should be given to the relationship between photographs of the model and more traditional drawing perspectives. There seems to be a dialogue between both tools – the model and the camera – from which a piece of architecture is analysed and revealed. At the same time, the object itself emerges as a work of art, creating a dialogue that goes beyond simulation boundaries and that delves into artistic discourse

Investigation of the workforce effect of an assembly line using multi-objective optimization

ABSTRACT The aim of industrial production changed from mass production at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, production flexibility determines manufacturing companies' course of action. In this sense, Volvo Group Trucks Operations is interested in meeting customer demand in their assembly lines by adjusting manpower. Thus, this investigation attempts to analyze the effect of manning on the main final assembly line for thirteen-liter heavy-duty diesel engines at Volvo Group Trucks Operations in Skövde by means of discrete-event simulation. This project presents a simulation model that simulates the assembly line. With the purpose of building the model data were required. One the one hand, qualitative data were collected to improve the knowledge in the fields related to the project topic, as well as to solve the lack of information in certain points of the project. On the other hand, simulation model programming requires quantitative data. Once the model was completed, simulation results were obtained through simulation-based optimization. This optimization process tested 50,000 different workforce scenarios to find the most efficient solutions for three different sequences. Among all results, the most interesting one for Volvo is the one which render 80% of today’s throughput with the minimum number of workers. Consequently, as a case study, a bottleneck analysis and worker performance analysis was performed for this scenario. Finally, a flexible and fully functional model that delivers the desired results was developed. These results provide a comparison among different manning scenarios considering throughput as main measurement of the main final assembly line performance. After analyzing the results, system output behavior was revealed. This behavior allows predicting optimal system output for a given number of operators.

Silica sand slope gllying and mining in Central Spain: erosion processes and geomorphic reclamation of contour mining

A Characterization and quantification of the geomorphic activity of three scenarios of silica sand slops of Central Spain (Segovia and Guadalajara province), is being carried out: (a) silica sand slope gullies; (b) Non reclaimed (abandoned) silica sand mines; (c) abandoned silica sand mines reclaimed with a geomorphic approach. On the silica sand slope gullies, gathered data point at very high rates of erosion and sedimentation, since runoff and hydric erosion occurs on them almost instantaneausly after precipitation. When no reclamation is made, silica sand mines evolve like 'natural' gullies, and they show higher tares of hydric erosion than them. The erosion of non-reclaimed silica sand mines produces severe on and off sile environmental impacts. When reclamations are made based on geomorphic approaches, runoff and soil erosion can be reduced to the minimum at the pediment areas, whereas the highwalls can maintain a geomorphic activity which integrates them into the landscape. The understanding of these scenarios is allowing improving new reclamation plans on silica sand and kaolin mines of Central Spain, concerning their topographical and watershed design, and layout of the reconstructed terrain (waste dumps, surficial deposits, and topsoil). The latter example shows a desirable framework of collaboration between mining companies, protected areas managers and universitie

Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hospitalized patients and appropriateness of empirical treatment recommendations: an international point-prevalence study

An accurate knowledge of the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is key for selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatments. Very few etiological studies assessed the appropriateness of empiric guideline recommendations at a multinational level. This study aims at the following: (i) describing the bacterial etiologic distribution of CAP and (ii) assessing the appropriateness of the empirical treatment recommendations by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for CAP in light of the bacterial pathogens diagnosed as causative agents of CAP. Secondary analysis of the GLIMP, a point-prevalence international study which enrolled adults hospitalized with CAP in 2015. The analysis was limited to immunocompetent patients tested for bacterial CAP agents within 24 h of admission. The CAP CPGs evaluated included the following: the 2007 and 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), and selected country-specific CPGs. Among 2564 patients enrolled, 35.3% had an identifiable pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.2%) was the most frequently identified pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.4%). CPGs appropriately recommend covering more than 90% of all the potential pathogens causing CAP, with the exception of patients enrolled from Germany, Pakistan, and Croatia. The 2019 ATS/IDSA CPGs appropriately recommend covering 93.6% of the cases compared with 90.3% of the ERS CPGs (p < 0.01). S. pneumoniae remains the most common pathogen in patients hospitalized with CAP. Multinational CPG recommendations for patients with CAP seem to appropriately cover the most common pathogens and should be strongly encouraged for the management of CAP patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype