Estimação de parâmetros genéticos em genótipos de variedades tradicionais de feijão-comum.

As estimativas de parâmetros genéticos são importantes para caracterizar uma população e predizer o seu comportamento em seleção artificial; permitindo identificar que tipo de variância genética predomina na população e no controle de caracteres determinando a magnitude do principal componente da variância total. Por isso são úteis para definir estratégias mais eficientes na seleção de genótipos superiores nas diversas fases do melhoramento. A maioria das características de interesse econômico nas espécies vegetais são de natureza métrica, seguindo-se as leis da genética quantitativa (FALCONER, 1987). O estudo e a identificação de parâmetros genéticos como: coeficiente de variação genético, herdabilidade e correlação entre caracteres são de suma importância, pois através destes podemos; conhecer a variabilidade genética, o grau de expressão de um caráter de uma geração para outra e a possibilidade de ganhos por meio de seleção direta ou indireta (ROCHA, 2003). O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos dos caracteres agronômicos das variedades tradicionais de feijão-comum do Estado Acre

Climatic and geomorphologic cycles in a semiarid distributive fluvial system, Upper Cretaceous, Bauru Group, SE Brazil

Studies of distributive fluvial systems and their preserved successions envisage the distribution and orientation of architectural elements to be primarily controlled by channels radiating outward from fan apices, in many cases along an elongate basin margin. Conceptual models for such systems account for the downstream dynamics of the fluvial network, but with limited consideration of temporal geomorphic variations, resulting vertical organisation of architectural elements, or of the interplay of factors controlling system dynamics. To understand the external and internal architecture of distributive fluvial systems, and the factors that influence their sequential facies organisation, a sedimentary succession of the proximal portion of an Upper Cretaceous, semiarid, distributive fluvial system, located at the north-eastern margin of the Bauru Basin (Southeast Brazil), has been analysed in detail. Three fining- and thinning-upward fluvial sequences are identified, forming an interval separated at the top and the bottom by two palaeosol profiles. Each sequence is formed of channel and floodplain deposits. Two types of channel deposits are identified. One is composed of stacked sets of small-scale dune deposits, suggesting perennial and steady fluvial regime, associated with more humid climate periods. The other is composed of large-scale sets indicative of flattened dunes associated with unsteady and fast-changing fluvial flow, formed in quasi-supercritical flow regime conditions, associated with drier climate periods. The vertical alternation of these two types of channel deposits records the accumulation of a fluvial succession that responded to high-frequency, climate-induced cyclic change in bounding conditions. Two palaeosol profiles, at the top and at the bottom of the succession, indicate temporary interruptions and cessation of the fluvial sedimentation, likely related to avulsion of the fluvial belt. Thus, the studied succession reveals high-frequency climate-induced allogenic sedimentary cycles that occur within a long-period autogenic geomorphologic-induced sedimentary cycle. This work suggests that the internal architecture of the channel deposits can be used as a climate proxy, and that climate and geomorphology act jointly as notable factors to control the vertical organisation of distributive fluvial systems

Antimicrobial and antioxidant linen via laccase-assisted grafting

A laccase from Ascomycetemyceliophthora thermophila was used to assist the binding of chitosan and catechin onto a previous enzymatically oxidized linen surface. The process consists of the pre-treatment of the linen with laccase followed by the application of chitosan in a first step and catechin plus laccase in a second step. The results presented here support the conclusion that laccase is able to oxidize phenols naturally existing in flax fibres, and that the o-quinones formed promote the attachment of chitosan or/and catechin. The pre-treatment of linen with laccase is therefore the key factor for the success of catechin and chitosan grafting. A multifunctional linen product with both antioxidant and antibacterial properties was obtained with an acceptable level of durability in terms of end user requirements.Carla Silva would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) for funding under the scholarship SFRH/BPD/46515/2008

DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM COMO INSTRUMENTOS NA FORMAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

This research presents a review of articles on the topic of "Nursing Diagnosis," published during the years 2000-2007 and refers to a trend which has increasingly been mentioned in practice and in medical journals: The study is based on evidence. To this end, we used the methodology of a bibliographic search, using data sources such as the national nursing journals indexed in the LILACS database (Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), MEDLINE (International Science Literature Health) SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). We chose to use the term "Nursing Diagnosis," that was found in 65 articles. For the analysis it was revealed the nature of the items, the assessment of the authors and how they evaluated the diagnosis teaching of nursing. It highlighted the main theoretical references, issues of proportionality and the years of the publication in question. It can be concluded that the production of nursing articles, within the theme of the diagnosis, has been made even in small quantities, which indicates the need of production and application of these articles in the fields of teaching and practice.  Esta investigación presenta una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos sobre el tema "Diagnóstico de Enfermería", publicados durante los años 2000-2007, y se refiere a una tendencia que se ha afirmado en la práctica y en las revistas médicas: el estudio basado en la evidencia. Con este fin, hemos utilizado la metodología de búsqueda bibliográfica, utilizando fuentes de datos como las revistas de enfermería nacional indexadas a la base de datos LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud), MEDLINE (Literatura Internacional en Ciencias Salud) y SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Se optó por utilizar el término "Diagnóstico de Enfermería", donde fueron encontrados 65 artículos. Para el análisis se puso de manifiesto la naturaleza de los artículos, la valoración de los autores, y cómo estos evalúan el diagnóstico en el hacer/educar en enfermería. Se destacaron los principales teóricos referenciados, temas y proporcionalidad de los años de la publicación en cuestión. Se puede concluir que la producción de artículos de enfermería, dentro de la temática del diagnóstico, se ha hecho incluso en pequeñas cantidades, lo que indica la necesidad de la producción y aplicación de estos productos en las esferas de la enseñanza y la práctica, teniendo en cuenta la consideración de enfermería como ciencia.Esta pesquisa apresenta uma revisão de literatura dos artigos referentes ao tema “Diagnósticos de Enfermagem” publicados no período dos anos 2000-2007, e relaciona-os a uma tendência, a qual cada vez tem se afirmado na prática e nas publicações médicas: o estudo baseado em evidências. Para tal, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando-se como fontes de dados as Revistas de Enfermagem nacionais indexadas às base de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), MEDLINE (Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde) e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Utilizando como descritor o termo “Diagnósticos de Enfermagem”, foram encontrados 65 artigos. Para a análise demonstramos a natureza dos artigos, a titulação dos autores, e como estes avaliam a visão diagnóstica dentro do fazer/ educar na Enfermagem, procuramos evidenciar os principais teóricos referenciados, temáticas e proporcionalidade dos anos de publicação em questão. Pode-se concluir que a produção de artigos na Enfermagem, dentro da temática diagnóstico, tem-se apresentado ainda em pequena quantidade, evidenciando a necessidade de produção e aplicabilidade destas produções, nos campos da docência e prática, visto a afirmação da Enfermagem como ciência.  

Weed dynamics and yield of cowpea inoculated in mulching (Crushed Capoeira).

Mulching (crushing capoeira) is an alternative system for the use of fire for cultivation in the Northern region of Brazil. Cowpea is c onsidered an important food crop in this region; however, weeds might limit its productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the population dynamics of weeds and the productivity of cowpea with different habit of growth inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp in m ulching. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with the cultivars BRS Guariba and BR 17 Gurgueia, w ith and without inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp and nitrogen fertilization as a control. Twenty seven species and three genera of weeds were i dentified, distributed into 12 botanical families in the BRS Guariba cultivar and 25 species in ten families in B R 17 Gurgueia cultivar. The results revealed that the significative species were Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Cyperus sp, Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham, and Spermacoce verticillata L. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp reduced the infestati on of the most important species and presented higher productivity (1965.09 kg ha 1 ) than the treatment without inoculation (987.14 kg ha 1 T he growth habit of cowpea cultivars in mulching (crushing capoeira) system did not affect crop yield, but longer studies are needed to validate the information obtained

Barragem subterrânea: I - Diagnóstico nos estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Paraíba.

A Embrapa Semi-Árido desenvolve um Projeto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento que tem por finalidade estudar alternativas de manejo de solo e água em sistema de cultivos explorados em Barragem Subterrânea (BS), bem como, favorecer o processo de irradiação da BS por meio da valorização dos espaços de experimentação científica com envolvimento de pesquisadores, agricultores e ONG's. Neste contexto, visando atingir s objetivos propostos pelo Projeto, três ações de Pesquisas foram elaboradas. Ação de Pesquisa 1 - Monitoramento de BS instaladas em áreas de Produtor, através da aplicação de questionários, com o objetivo de diagnosticar as causas do sucesso ou não desta tecnologia; Ação de Pesquisa 2 - Implantação de Unidades Demonstrativas (UD's), visando implementação de ações de transferência de tecnologia através de Campos de Aprendizagem Tecnológica (CAT's); Ação de Pesquisa 3 - Manejo de solo, água e planta em BS, com o intuito de definir alguns parâmetros para avaliar o potencial da BS e medir seu impacto na propriedade, consequentemente na qualidade de vida do agricultor. Em maio de 2004 o projeto foi iniciado com a realização de um Workshop, de Gestão do Projeto, na Embrapa Semi-Árido, com a participação de toda a equipe, inclusive das Instituições Parceiras, para discutir e definir as metodologias/métodos que estão sendo utilizadas na capacitação/sensibilização dos agricultores e nos temas de pesquisa a serem estudados. Neste evento foram estabelecidas, datas de quatro oficinas, três de intercâmbio e uma de coordenação e programação, assim como a aplicação de um questionário visando diagnóstico para determinação do "marco zero". Os questionários foram aplicados num raio de cobertura maior do que o que estava previsto no Projeto. Foram aplicados 103 questionários, 53 na Paraíba, 18 na Bahia e 32 em Pernambuco, abrangendo um total de 10 municípios na PB e 08 na BA e PE. Os resultados dos questionários juntamente com os das oficinas estão norteando demandas de pesquisas de cada Estado. Os dados quantitativos obtidos com os questionários demonstraram a necessidade de uma abordagem de pesquisa-ação participativa para guiar o agricultor no aprimoramento de seus conhecimentos e de suas práticas de manejo de solo-água-planta dentro do contexto da barragem subterrânea

Exercise training decreases mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 expression and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese mice

When the hepatic insulin signaling is compromised, there is an inadequate suppression of gluconeogenic pathways, leading the organism to high levels of glucose. Studies with animals with obesity induced by high fat diet or genetically modified showed increased MKP-3 expression and MKP-3/Foxo1 association in liver, with a consequent increase in blood glucose concentration, development of insulin resistance and DM2. As a non-pharmacological strategy recognized and indicated for prevention and treatment of diabetes is the regular practice of physical exercise. In this study we demostrated that physical training is an important tool capable of reducing insulin resistance in the liver by reducing the inflammatory process, including the inhibition of MKP-3 and, therefore, suppress gluconeogenic program in obesity rats. The understanding of these new mechanisms by which physical training regulates glucose homeostasis has critical importance to health professionals for the understanding and prevention of diabetes. Insulin plays an important role in the control of hepatic glucose production. Insulin resistant states are commonly associated with excessive hepatic glucose production, which contributes to both fasting hyperglycaemia and exaggerated postprandial hyperglycaemia. In this regard, increased activity of phosphatases may contribute to the dysregulation of gluconeogenesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) is a key protein involved in the control of gluconeogenesis. MKP-3-mediated dephosphorylation activates FoxO1 (a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors) and subsequently promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). In this study, we investigated the effects of exercise training on the expression of MKP-3 and its interaction with FoxO1 in the livers of obese animals. We found that exercised obese mice had a lower expression of MKP-3 and FoxO1/MKP-3 association in the liver. Further, the exercise training decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and protein levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha) and gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and G6Pase). These molecular results were accompanied by physiological changes, including increased insulin sensitivity and reduced hyperglycaemia, which were not caused by reductions in total body mass. Similar results were also observed with oligonucleotide antisense (ASO) treatment. However, our results showed that only exercise training could reduce an obesity-induced increase in HNF-4 alpha protein levels while ASO treatment alone had no effect. These findings could explain, at least in part, why additive effects of exercise training treatment and ASO treatment were not observed. Finally, the suppressive effects of exercise training on MKP-3 protein levels appear to be related, at least in part, to the reduced phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the livers of obese mice592613251340CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP471498/2011-42010/12091-2; 2011/14727-4; 2011/13779-

Polymerization of lignosulfonates by the laccase-HBT (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) system improves dispersibility

The ability of laccases from Trametes villosa (TvL), Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL), Trametes hirsuta (ThL) and Bacillus subtilis (BsL) to improve the dispersion properties of calcium lignosulfonates 398 in the presence of HBT as a mediator was investigated. Size exclusion chromatography showed an extensive increase in molecular weight of the samples incubated with TvL and ThL by 107% and 572% from 28400 Da after 17 h of incubation, respectively. Interestingly, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C NMR and Py-GC/MS analysis of the treated samples suggested no substantial changes in the aromatic signal of the lignosulfonates, a good indication of the ability of TvL/ThL-HBT systems to limit their effect on functional groups without degrading the lignin backbone. Further, the enzymatic treatments led to a general increase in the dispersion properties, indeed a welcome development for its application in polymer blends.Financial support from the BIORENEW EU-project (NMP2-CT-2006-26456), Austrian Academic Exchange Programme (OEAD) and the Spanish projects BIO2007-28720-E, BIO2008-01533, and AGL2008-00709 is acknowledged

Polymerisation of lignosulfonates by the laccase-HBT (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) system improves dispersibility

Prasetyo, Endry Nugroho et al.--The ability of laccases from Trametes villosa (TvL), Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL), Trametes hirsuta (ThL) and Bacillus subtilis (BsL) to improve the dispersion properties of calcium lignosulfonates 398 in the presence of HBT as a mediator was investigated. Size exclusion chromatography showed an extensive increase in molecular weight of the samples incubated with TvL and ThL by 107% and 572% from 28400 Da after 17 h of incubation, respectively. Interestingly, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C NMR and Py-GC/MS analysis of the treated samples suggested no substantial changes in the aromatic signal of the lignosulfonates, a good indication of the ability of TvL/ThL-HBT systems to limit their effect on functional groups without degrading the lignin backbone. Further, the enzymatic treatments led to a general increase in the dispersion properties, indeed a welcome development for its application in polymer blends.Financial support from the BIORENEW EU-project (NMP2-CT-2006-26456), Austrian Academic Exchange Programme (ÖEAD) and the Spanish projects BIO2007-28720-E, BIO2008-01533, and AGL2008-00709 is acknowledged.Peer reviewe