Systematics, biogeography and conservation of Paragenidens grandoculis n. gen. and n. comb. (Siluriformes; Ariidae), a critically endangered species from southeastern Brazil

Paragenidens, a new genus of ariid catfishes is proposed to accommodate Arius grandoculis, a species previously assigned to the genus Potamarius. Paragenidens grandoculis is an endemic ariid catfish categorized as Critically Endangered and probably Extinct from coastal lacustrine systems from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, southeastern Brazil. After more than 50 years without records of the species, new recent fieldwork revealed that the species is extinct at lagoa Juparanã, but still can be found at lagoa Nova in Linhares municipality, Espírito Santo state. Here, Paragenidens is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. In addition to its generic reassignment, the species is redescribed, and comments on its phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and conservation are presented45863425CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E INOVAÇÃO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO - FAPES350672/2011-3; TO 0365/2016306054/20062011/51532-7; 2013/ 20936-0; 2016/09204-653132203/2011; 68856598/ 2014The present study was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Proc. 350672/2011–3, post-doctoral fellowship -DCR-to LFSI), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, post-doctoral -PROFIX-to LFSI and 306054/2006-to CO); Fundação Estadual de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Espírito Santo (FAPES, Procs. 53132203/2011 post-doctoral -DCR, 68856598/ 2014 post-doctoral -PROFIX, TO 83/2018 post-doctoral fellowships to LFSI; TO 554/2016 to Maurício Hostim-Silva, UFES;CZNC; TO 0365/2016 to Paola R. Gonçalves, UFES) and FAPESP (grants # 2011/51532–7 and 2013/ 20936–0 to FCTL and 2016/09204–6 to CO). We thank Me. Najila Nolie Catarine Dantas Cerqueira for her help in the sequencing experiments. We are grateful to Melanie Stiassny (AMNH), Matheus Rotundo (AZUSC), Andrew Williston and Karsten Hartel (MCZ), Marcelo Britto (MNRJ), José Lima Figueiredo (MZUSP), and Douglas Nelson (UMMZ) for allowing the examination of material under their care. We are grateful to Luiz Fernando Duboc (UFES, São Mateus) and the whole staff of CZNC for discussions about the fish fauna from northern Espírito Santo and assistance during field work. We are also grateful to Paola Rocha Gonçalves (UFES, São Mateus) and her staff for assistance during field work. We are indebted to Jean-Christopher Joyeux, Caio Pimentel and Helder Guabiroba (UFES, Vitória) for updated information about the occurrence of ariid catfishes to Espírito Santo State; Paula A. Catelani by images and morphometric data of specimens of the NUPEM; Antonio de Padua Almeida (ICMBio – Reserva Biológica de Comboios) for logistical support in Linhares; Jos Maciel dos Santos and Nestor Batista dos Santos for information at Regência district (Linhares); Elias da Silva (Buda) from Mercado Municipal de Linhares, by valuable information about information about the fishes from rio Doce and its lakes at Linhares; Denilson Nogueira Gama, professional fisherman from the locality of Chapadão do Quinze by friendship, hospitality and valuable information about the fishes and environmental changes at the lakes from Linhares municipalit

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications