Blocos de solo-cimento: uma alternativa sustentável para o reaproveitamento de resíduos sólidos industriais

Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, analisar potenciais resíduos sólidos industriais que possam ser adicionados a blocos de solo-cimento. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa por meio da base acadêmica Scopus, utilizando-se como critérios de busca palavras-chave ligadas ao tema, como: solo-cimento, materiais de construção, blocos de solo-cimento, tijolos solocimento, propriedades físicas e mecânicas, resíduos sólidos, análise de ciclo de vida e construção civil. Observou-se a versatilidade de resíduos sólidos industriais que podem ser incorporados em blocos de solo-cimento, como resíduos de rochas ornamentais, lodo de estações de tratamento de água, serragem de madeira, fibras de politereftalato de etileno, fibras vegetais de bucha, fibras de cânhamo, cascas de arroz, capim braquiária, cascas de ovos aviários, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, palha de trigo e cevada, escória de soldagem, areia de fundição, rejeitos de mineração de quartzito, de construção e demolição, tornearia mecânica, grãos de indústria de celulose e coprodutos siderúrgicos. Entre os resíduos incorporados que contribuíram para a melhoria nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos blocos de solo-cimento estiveram: grãos da indústria de celulose, casca de arroz, capim braquiária, subprodutos siderúrgicos com blocos de solo-cimento granulado e escória de alto forno. Os resíduos sem resultados satisfatórios foram lodo de estação de tratamento de água, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e bucha vegetal. Por meio desta pesquisa foi possível verificar que o comportamento dos blocos de solo-cimento é influenciado por diversos fatores em sua fabricação, principalmente no que diz respeito ao tipo e ao percentual de resíduos incorporados. Entretanto, é importante a preocupação com a sua aplicação de modo a não potencializar os impactos ambientais em longo prazo.This study aimed to analyze potential industrial solid waste that can be added to soil-cement blocks. A narrative literature review was conducted in the Scopus academic database, using as the search criteria keywords related to the topic, such as soil-cement, building materials, soil-cement blocks, soil-cement bricks, physical and mechanical properties, solid waste, life cycle analysis, and civil construction. A variety of industrial solid waste that can be incorporated into soil-cement blocks was observed, such as waste rock, sludge from water treatment plants, wood sawdust, polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PET), vegetable fibers from loofah, hemp fibers, rice husks, brachiaria grass, poultry eggshells, sugar cane bagasse, wheat and barley straw, welding slag, foundry sand, waste from quartzite mining, construction, and demolition, mechanical turning, pulp industry grains, and steel mill co-products. Among the investigated wastes, those that improved the physical and mechanical properties of the soil-cement blocks were grains from the cellulose industry, rice husks, Brachiaria grass, steel by-products with granulated soil-cement blocks and blast furnace slag. The waste that produced no satisfactory results was sludge from a water treatment plant, sugarcane bagasse, and vegetable loofah. Through this research, it was possible to verify that the behavior of soil-cement blocks is influenced by several factors in their manufacture, mainly regarding the type and percentage of incorporated waste. However, it is important to be concerned with its application in waste blocks so as not to increase the environmental impacts in the long term

Imidazole derivatives as promising agents for the treatment of Chagas disease

More than 100 years later after being firstly described, Chagas disease remains endemic in 21 Latin American countries and has spread to other continents. Indeed, this disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is no longer just a problem for the American continent but has become a global health threat. Current therapies, nifurtimox and benznidazole (Bz), are far from being adequate due to undesirable effects and their lack of efficacy in the chronic phases of the disease. In this work, we present an in-depth phenotypical evaluation in T.cruzi of a new class of imidazole compounds, discovered in a previous phenotypic screening against different trypanosomatids and designed as potential inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The confirmation of several activities similar or superior to Bz prompted a synthesis program of hit optimization and extended SAR, aimed at improving drug-like properties such as aqueous solubility, resulting in additional hits with IC50 similar to Bz. The cellular effects of one representative hit, compound 9, on bloodstream trypomastigotes were further investigated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cellular changes, after just 2 h of incubation with the IC50 concentration, that were consistent with induced autophagy and osmotic stress - mechanisms previously linked to cAMP signaling. Compound 9 induced highly significant increases in both cellular and medium cAMP, confirming that inhibition of T.cruzi PDE(s) is part of its mechanism of action. The potent and selective activity of this imidazole-based PDE inhibitor class against T.cruzi constitutes a successful repurposing of research into inhibitors of mammalian PDEs

Evaluation of phthalazinone phosphodiesterase inhibitors with improved activity and selectivity against Trypanosoma cruzi

BACKGROUND: Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, needs urgent alternative therapeutic options as the treatments currently available display severe limitations, mainly related to efficacy and toxicity. OBJECTIVES: As phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been claimed as novel targets against T. cruzi, our aim was to evaluate the biological aspects of 12 new phthalazinone PDE inhibitors against different T. cruzi strains and parasite forms relevant for human infection. METHODS: In vitro trypanocidal activity of the inhibitors was assessed alone and in combination with benznidazole. Their effects on parasite ultrastructural and cAMP levels were determined. PDE mRNA levels from the different T. cruzi forms were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: Five TcrPDEs were found to be expressed in all parasite stages. Four compounds displayed strong effects against intracellular amastigotes. Against bloodstream trypomastigotes (BTs), three were at least as potent as benznidazole. In vitro combination therapy with one of the most active inhibitors on both parasite forms (NPD-040) plus benznidazole demonstrated a quite synergistic profile (xΣ FICI = 0.58) against intracellular amastigotes but no interaction (xΣ FICI = 1.27) when BTs were assayed. BTs treated with NPD-040 presented disrupted Golgi apparatus, a swollen flagellar pocket and signs of autophagy. cAMP measurements of untreated parasites showed that amastigotes have higher ability to efflux this second messenger than BTs. NPD-001 and NPD-040 increase the intracellular cAMP content in both BTs and amastigotes, which is also released into the extracellular milieu. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the potential of PDE inhibitors as anti-T. cruzi drug candidates

Elaboração de um protocolo assistencial multiprofissional para pessoas com feridas complexas na atenção primária à saúde / Preparation of a multiprofessional care protocol for people with complex wounds in primary health care

Objetivo: Relatar a elaboração de um protocolo assistencial multiprofissional para atendimento de pessoas com feridas complexas na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado de março a julho de 2021, no Distrito Sanitário do Subúrbio Ferroviário, Salvador/BA. Resultados: A elaboração de um protocolo assistencial de enfermagem, médico, psicossocial, nutricional, fisioterapêutico, de terapia ocupacional e de educação física, favorece o cuidado prestado de forma holística, humanizada e integral, minimizando complicações. Considerações finais: Urge que o cuidado de pessoas com feridas complexas seja multiprofissional, de forma a evitar o prolongamento do tratamento, extensão da gravidade dos ferimentos, minimizar custos ao Sistema Único de Saúde, proporcionar bem estar do indivíduo, melhor qualidade de vida e o seu possível retorno às atividades sociais com brevidade. 

Sinais e sintomas, manifestação clínica e diagnóstico do miocárdio não compactado: uma revisão sistemática

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi relatar o conhecimento atual sobre o miocárdio não compactado e fornecer uma análise crítica sobre as manifestações e os métodos diagnósticos.   Para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa foi elaborada uma questão norteadora:  ‘’Quais são os principais sinais e sintomas da  Não Compactação do Ventrículo Esquerdo (NCVE), bem como quais são os métodos utilizados no diagnóstico e qual recurso terapêutico é utilizado na prática clínica? As buscas foram realizadas na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC) . Foram utilizados 5 descritores em combinação com o termo booleano “AND”: Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium , Thrombosis, Signs and Symptoms, Pathological Conditions e Cardiomyopathies. Dessa forma, encontrados um total de 32 artigos, e que após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados 9 estudos para compor o estudo. A NCVE é caracterizada por insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e alto risco de eventos embólicos. A prevalência de fibrilação atrial e taquiarritmias ventriculares é notável. O diagnóstico depende de critérios morfológicos específicos, sendo a ecocardiografia transtorácica e a ressonância magnética cardíaca as ferramentas diagnósticas principais. Há variações na identificação da NCVE entre os critérios ecocardiográficos, sugerindo a necessidade de um consenso diagnóstico mais padronizado. A identificação correta da NCVE é essencial para o manejo apropriado dos pacientes, visando reduzir complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida

In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Effects of Novel Arylimidamide Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T17:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) bruno_timmetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 984025 bytes, checksum: 9793d51f701f7a0d19ee59f53199681a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.University of North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.University of North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.University of North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.University of North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem in several Latin American countries. The available chemotherapies for CD have limited efficacy and exhibit undesirable side effects. Aromatic diamidines and arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown broad-spectrum activity against intracellular parasites, including T. cruzi. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of eight novel AIAs (16DAP002, 16SAB079, 18SAB075, 23SMB022, 23SMB026, 23SMB054, 26SMB070, and 27SMB009) against experimental models of T. cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that none of the compounds induced a loss of cellular viability up to 32 M. Two AIAs, 18SAB075 and 16DAP002, exhibited good in vitro activity against different parasite strains (Y and Tulahuen) and against the two relevant forms of the parasite for mammalian hosts. Due to the excellent selective indexes of 18SAB075, this AIA was moved to in vivo tests for acute toxicity and parasite efficacy; nontoxic doses (no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL], 50 mg/kg) were employed in the tests for parasite efficacy. In experimental models of acute T. cruzi infection, 18SAB075 reduced parasitemia levels only up to 50% and led to 40% protection against mortality (at 5 mg/kg of body weight), being less effective than the reference drug, benznidazole

Efficacy of Novel Pyrazolone Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Experimental Mouse Models of Trypanosoma cruzi

Pyrazolones are heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological properties. Some derivatives inhibit phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and thereby increase the cellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which plays a vital role in the control of metabolism in eukaryotic cells, including the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a major neglected tropical disease. In vitro phenotypic screening identified a 4-bromophenyl-dihydropyrazole dimer as an anti-T. cruzi hit and 17 novel pyrazolone analogues with variations on the phenyl ring were investigated in a panel of phenotypic laboratory models. Potent activity against the intracellular forms (Tulahuen and Y strains) was obtained with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values within the 0.17 to 3.3 μM range. Although most were not active against bloodstream trypomastigotes, an altered morphology and loss of infectivity were observed. Pretreatment of the mammalian host cells with pyrazolones did not interfere with infection and proliferation, showing that the drug activity was not the result of changes to host cell metabolism. The pyrazolone NPD-227 increased the intracellular cAMP levels and was able to sterilize T. cruzi-infected cell cultures. Thus, due to its high potency and selectivity in vitro, and its additive interaction with benznidazole (Bz), NPD-227 was next assessed in the acute mouse model. Oral dosing for 5 days of NPD-227 at 10 mg/kg + Bz at 10 mg/kg not only reduced parasitemia (>87%) but also protected against mortality (>83% survival), hence demonstrating superiority to the monotherapy schemes. These data support these pyrazolone molecules as potential novel therapeutic alternatives for Chagas disease

Tetrahydrophthalazinone inhibitor of phosphodiesterase with in vitro activity against intracellular trypanosomatids

The phosphodiesterase inhibitor tetrahydrophthalazinone NPD-008 was explored by phenotypic in vitro screening, target validation, and ultrastructural approaches against Trypanosoma cruzi. NPD-008 displayed activity against different forms and strains of T. cruzi (50% effective concentration [EC50], 6.6 to 39.5mM). NPD-008 increased cAMP levels of T. cruzi and its combination with benznidazole gave synergistic interaction. It was also moderately active against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum, confirming a potential activity profile as an antitrypanosomatid drug candidate