9 research outputs found
Epidemiology and Management of South American Leaf Blight on Rubber in Brazil
The rubber tree (Hevea spp.) is one of the main forest crops in tropical regions due commercialization of natural rubber. Brazil currently imports most rubber that is consumed. According to the International Rubber Study Group, for an annual consumption of 350,000 tons in Brazil, 135,000 tons were produced, whereas 215,000 tons were imported. This failure of rubber cultivation in Brazil is primarily due to South American leaf blight (SALB), a disease caused by the fungus Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn. v. Arx.). The fungus is present in all Brazilian rubber-producing regions and attacks young leaflets, causing abscission and, ultimately, death of the tree. This disease occurs in almost all areas of rubber tree plantations in Central and South America. Strategies used to manage SALB are based on the use of fungicides in nurseries and young plantations and the use of resistant clones; on phenological aspects, taking into account the leaf shedding patterns of adult rubber trees, which in certain environments provide defense in addition to resistance; and on climatic factors that are favorable or unfavorable to epidemic development. The aim of this chapter was to describe all aspects related to the epidemiology and management of leaf blight in Brazil
DESEMPENHO AGRONĂMICO DE CULTIVARES DE ALFACE PARA AS CONDIĂĂES EDAFOCLIMĂTICAS DA REGIĂO DE ALEGRE â ES
Efeito do tratamento quĂmico na sanidade de sementes de espĂ©cies florestais
This study evaluated the effect of different fungicide and sodium hypochlorite treatments in reducing the incidence of fungi on seeds of native species of the Atlantic rainforest. The experiment was done using the completely randomized design in a 5x5 factorial with five levels of factor A (forest species) and five levels of factor B (chemical treatment and surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite) with four replications. The fungal genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified. The species âJacarandĂĄ-da-Bahiaâ and âIpĂȘ-roxoâ had lower fungal incidence, 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Except for âAngico Vermelhoâ, the fungicide pencycurom and sodium hypochlorite were not significantly different from the control in the species evaluated. Seed treatment with fungicides âCaptanâ and âTiramâ yielded satisfactory results in reducing the incidence of fungal contamination in forest species seeds.  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos com fungicidas e hipoclorito de sĂłdio na redução da incidĂȘncia de fungos em sementes de espĂ©cies florestais nativas da Mata AtlĂąntica. O experimento foi conduzido empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 5x5, com cinco nĂveis do fator A (espĂ©cies florestais) e cinco nĂveis do fator B (tratamento quĂmico e desinfestação superficial com hipoclorito de sĂłdio), com quatro repetiçÔes. Foram identificados os gĂȘneros fĂșngicos Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium. As espĂ©cies de jacarandĂĄ-da-Bahia e ipĂȘ-roxo apresentaram menor incidĂȘncia fĂșngica com 1% e 1,3%, respectivamente. Exceto para a espĂ©cie de angico-vermelho, o fungicida Pencicurom e o hipoclorito de sĂłdio nĂŁo deferiram estatisticamente da testemunha nas espĂ©cies avaliadas. Os tratamentos de sementes com os fungicidas Captan e Tiram proporcionaram resultados satisfatĂłrios quanto Ă redução da incidĂȘncia fĂșngica em sementes de espĂ©cies florestais
Effect of chemical control on the sanity of forest species seeds
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes
tratamentos com fungicidas e hipoclorito de s\uf3dio na
redu\ue7\ue3o da incid\ueancia de fungos em sementes de
esp\ue9cies florestais nativas da Mata Atl\ue2ntica. O experimento
foi conduzido empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no
esquema fatorial 5x5, com cinco n\uedveis do fator A (esp\ue9cies
florestais) e cinco n\uedveis do fator B (tratamento qu\uedmico e
desinfesta\ue7\ue3o superficial com hipoclorito de s\uf3dio), com
quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es. Foram identificados os g\ueaneros
f\ufangicos Fusarium , Alternaria , Aspergillus e Penicillium .
As esp\ue9cies de jacarand\ue1-da-Bahia e ip\uea-roxo
apresentaram menor incid\ueancia f\ufangica com 1% e 1,3%,
respectivamente. Exceto para a esp\ue9cie de angico-vermelho, o
fungicida Pencicurom e o hipoclorito de s\uf3dio n\ue3o deferiram
estatisticamente da testemunha nas esp\ue9cies avaliadas. Os
tratamentos de sementes com os fungicidas Captan e Tiram proporcionaram
resultados satisfat\uf3rios quanto \ue0 redu\ue7\ue3o da
incid\ueancia f\ufangica em sementes de esp\ue9cies florestais.This study evaluated the effect of different fungicide and sodium
hypochlorite treatments in reducing the incidence of fungi on seeds of
native species of the Atlantic rainforest. The experiment was done
using the completely randomized design in a 5x5 factorial with five
levels of factor A (forest species) and five levels of factor B
(chemical treatment and surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite)
with four replications. The fungal genera Fusarium , Alternaria ,
Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified. The species
\u2018Jacarand\ue1-da-Bahia\u2019 and \u2018Ip\uea-roxo\u2019
had lower fungal incidence, 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Except for
\u2018Angico Vermelho\u2019, the fungicide pencycurom and sodium
hypochlorite were not significantly different from the control in the
species evaluated. Seed treatment with fungicides \u2018Captan\u2019
and \u2018Tiram\u2019 yielded satisfactory results in reducing the
incidence of fungal contamination in forest species seeds
Efeito do tratamento quĂmico na sanidade de sementes de espĂ©cies florestais
This study evaluated the effect of different fungicide and sodium hypochlorite treatments in reducing the incidence of fungi on seeds of native species of the Atlantic rainforest. The experiment was done using the completely randomized design in a 5Ă5 factorial with five levels of factor A (forest species) and five levels of factor B (chemical treatment and surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite) with four replications. The fungal genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified. The species 'JacarandĂĄda- Bahia' and 'IpĂȘ-roxo' had lower fungal incidence, 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Except for 'Angico Vermelho', the fungicide pencycurom and sodium hypochlorite were not significantly different from the control in the species evaluated. Seed treatment with fungicides 'Captan' and 'Tiram' yielded satisfactory results in reducing the incidence of fungal contamination in forest species seeds
Effect of chemical control on the sanity of forest species seeds
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes
tratamentos com fungicidas e hipoclorito de sĂłdio na
redução da incidĂȘncia de fungos em sementes de
espécies florestais nativas da Mata Atlùntica. O experimento
foi conduzido empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no
esquema fatorial 5x5, com cinco nĂveis do fator A (espĂ©cies
florestais) e cinco nĂveis do fator B (tratamento quĂmico e
desinfestação superficial com hipoclorito de sódio), com
quatro repetiçÔes. Foram identificados os gĂȘneros
fĂșngicos Fusarium , Alternaria , Aspergillus e Penicillium .
As espĂ©cies de jacarandĂĄ-da-Bahia e ipĂȘ-roxo
apresentaram menor incidĂȘncia fĂșngica com 1% e 1,3%,
respectivamente. Exceto para a espécie de angico-vermelho, o
fungicida Pencicurom e o hipoclorito de sĂłdio nĂŁo deferiram
estatisticamente da testemunha nas espécies avaliadas. Os
tratamentos de sementes com os fungicidas Captan e Tiram proporcionaram
resultados satisfatórios quanto à redução da
incidĂȘncia fĂșngica em sementes de espĂ©cies florestais.This study evaluated the effect of different fungicide and sodium
hypochlorite treatments in reducing the incidence of fungi on seeds of
native species of the Atlantic rainforest. The experiment was done
using the completely randomized design in a 5x5 factorial with five
levels of factor A (forest species) and five levels of factor B
(chemical treatment and surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite)
with four replications. The fungal genera Fusarium , Alternaria ,
Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified. The species
âJacarandĂĄ-da-Bahiaâ and âIpĂȘ-roxoâ
had lower fungal incidence, 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Except for
âAngico Vermelhoâ, the fungicide pencycurom and sodium
hypochlorite were not significantly different from the control in the
species evaluated. Seed treatment with fungicides âCaptanâ
and âTiramâ yielded satisfactory results in reducing the
incidence of fungal contamination in forest species seeds
AnĂĄlise do risco de ocorrĂȘncia da monilĂase em cacaueiro no Brasil face Ă s mudanças climĂĄticas globais
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk of moniliasis occurrence and the impacts of climate change on this disease in the coming decades, should this pathogen be introduced in Brazil. To this end, climate favorability maps were devised for the occurrence of moniliasis, both for the present and future time. The future scenarios (A2 and B2) focused on the decades of 2020, 2050 and 2080. These scenarios were obtained from six global climate models (GCMs) made available by the third assessment report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Currently, there are large areas with favorable climate conditions for moniliasis in Brazil, especially in regions at high risk of introduction of that pathogen. Considering the global warming scenarios provided by the IPCC, the potential risk of moniliasis occurrence in Brazil will be reduced. This decrease is predicted for both future scenarios, but will occur more sharply in scenario A2. However, there will still be areas with favorable climate conditions for the development of the disease, particularly in Brazil's main producing regions. Moreover, pathogen and host alike may undergo alterations due to climate change, which will affect the extent of their impacts on this pathosystem
Evasive Planning for the Management of Eucalyptus Rust Austropuccinia psidii for Espírito Santo State, Brazil
Eucalyptus is one of the most exploited forest genera on the planet. Eucalyptus has a variety of uses, mainly because of its great diversity and versatility. Brazil is among the main producers of cellulose, paper, and wood panels in the world. One of the factors limiting the production of Eucalyptus spp. is the occurrence of diseases such as rust caused by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii. This work aimed to map areas at risk of eucalyptus rust in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The study was carried out in two stages: (i) mapping the rust risk areas in the state through the Geographic Information System (GIS) and (ii) applying fuzzy standardization to the infection index to generate a risk index. It was found through GIS and fuzzy standardization that most of the areas surveyed presented medium to high risk of rust occurrence. Thus, it becomes necessary to adopt complementary management measures to control the disease, especially for the months of April to November. The methodology used in this study can be implemented for other diseases and forest species in other parts of the world
Evasive Planning for the Management of Eucalyptus Rust <i>Austropuccinia psidii</i> for EspĂrito Santo State, Brazil
Eucalyptus is one of the most exploited forest genera on the planet. Eucalyptus has a variety of uses, mainly because of its great diversity and versatility. Brazil is among the main producers of cellulose, paper, and wood panels in the world. One of the factors limiting the production of Eucalyptus spp. is the occurrence of diseases such as rust caused by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii. This work aimed to map areas at risk of eucalyptus rust in the state of EspĂrito Santo, Brazil. The study was carried out in two stages: (i) mapping the rust risk areas in the state through the Geographic Information System (GIS) and (ii) applying fuzzy standardization to the infection index to generate a risk index. It was found through GIS and fuzzy standardization that most of the areas surveyed presented medium to high risk of rust occurrence. Thus, it becomes necessary to adopt complementary management measures to control the disease, especially for the months of April to November. The methodology used in this study can be implemented for other diseases and forest species in other parts of the world