Depressão pós-parto - fatores predisponentes e manejo terapêutico / Postpartum depression - predisposing factors and therapeutic management

A Depressão Pós-Parto (DPP) é uma complicação com alta prevalência, estima-se que a seja de aproximadamente 10 a 20%. Quanto à etiologia, a causa envolvida na gênese da doença não é totalmente esclarecida, mas a interação entre epigenética, genética, fatores ambientais, fatores sociais e o eixo neuroendócrino hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal estão relacionados com as principais causas da DPP. Sua identificação depende de uma anamnese minuciosa e uma avaliação de todos os fatores predisponentes. No que tange ao diagnóstico, esse é primordialmente clínico, existem fatores psicológicos que se fundamentam na identificação de transtornos psiquiátricos no período pré-concepção e durante a gestação. Ainda, existem certas condições obstétricas que relacionam o estresse e a depressão com o parto de crianças que necessitam de um maior cuidado, culminando no aumento do risco de DPP. Além disso, fatores biológicos, como faixa etária, alterações hormonais, fatores sociais e estilos de vida são considerados muito importantes para o desenvolvimento da patologia. Acerca da abordagem terapêutica, apresenta-se o tratamento farmacológico e a psicoterapia, no qual o farmacológico se baseia na associação de um ou mais medicamentos, e a abordagem psicoterápica é dividida em terapia interpessoal e terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Por fim, quanto à prevenção, intervenções de aconselhamento no período de gravidez e pós-parto podem ser úteis para reduzir a apresentação da DPP em alguns pacientes

Fluorescent Markers: Proteins and Nanocrystals

This book chapter will comment on fluorescent reporter proteins and nanocrystals’ applicability as fluorescent markers. Fluorescent reporter proteins in the Drosophila model system offer a degree of specificity that allows monitoring cellular and biochemical phenomena in vivo, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and changes in the redox state of cells. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals (NCs) have several biological applications and emit in the ultraviolet, with doping of europium ions can be visualized in the red luminescence. Therefore, it is possible to monitor nanocrystals in biological systems using different emission channels. CdSe/CdS magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) show high luminescence stability in biological systems and can be bioconjugated with biological molecules. Therefore, this chapter will show exciting results of the group using fluorescent proteins and nanocrystals in biological systems

Lipodystrophy in insulin users: a literature review

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome of multiple origins, resulting from lack of insulin and/or the inability of insulin to adequately exercise its insulin. Since 1921, drug therapy by subcutaneous insulin has helped the diabetic patient. Although there are benefits, it is necessary to report that insulin therapy can lead to complications such as lipodystrophy. This is a literature review aimed at evaluating the characteristics of lipodystrophy in insulin users. The first step was to assess the profile of people who develop lipohypertrophy from using insulin. The authors report that most patients who reach a critical level of LH self-administer insulin, a fact that can lead users to settle for the correct administration of therapy. Some reported that the stains had already appeared for years, but patients felt embarrassed to look for someone else to apply. In many who already had prominences in the subcutaneous tissue, the report was that the site was painless. As an expected result, the absence of rotation at the application sites is the main cause for the appearance of LH. From the moment the patients were diagnosed by the professionals and started to be instructed about the rotation of the application sites, the LH rate dropped to 8% of the people. Therefore, insulin users need special attention from health professionals so that they can avoid this health problem that is lipohypertophy.Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome of multiple origins, resulting from lack of insulin and/or the inability of insulin to adequately exercise its insulin. Since 1921, drug therapy by subcutaneous insulin has helped the diabetic patient. Although there are benefits, it is necessary to report that insulin therapy can lead to complications such as lipodystrophy. This is a literature review aimed at evaluating the characteristics of lipodystrophy in insulin users. The first step was to assess the profile of people who develop lipohypertrophy from using insulin. The authors report that most patients who reach a critical level of LH self-administer insulin, a fact that can lead users to settle for the correct administration of therapy. Some reported that the stains had already appeared for years, but patients felt embarrassed to look for someone else to apply. In many who already had prominences in the subcutaneous tissue, the report was that the site was painless. As an expected result, the absence of rotation at the application sites is the main cause for the appearance of LH. From the moment the patients were diagnosed by the professionals and started to be instructed about the rotation of the application sites, the LH rate dropped to 8% of the people. Therefore, insulin users nee

Indicações para o uso do metilfenidato no tratamento do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa

Introdução: O Metilfenidato é a medicação de primeira escolha para crianças e adolescentes com TDAH, cuja principal indicação se dá para pacientes a partir dos 6 anos de idade. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre seus efeitos, como também se percebe que esse medicamento é usado em grande escala por pacientes com sintomas iniciais da doença. Objetivo: identificar, com base na literatura, a indicação real para a utilização do Metilfenidato no tratamento do TDAH em crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: é uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, realizada via INTERNET, nas bases de dados da Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online e da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, e na Cientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: foram apresentados e discutidos em três categorias temáticas que caracterizaram a real indicação do Metilfenidato para o tratamento do TDAH nas faixas etárias de 4 a menores de 6 anos e 6 a 12 anos, cujos achados apontaram para a utilização segura e eficaz do medicamento em todas as faixas etárias. Conclusão: o Metilfenidato tem indicação segura e eficaz, comprovada para o tratamento farmacológico de crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico confirmado de TDAH mesmo em crianças na faixa etária pré-escolar, de 3 a 5 anos, pois, não apresentaram reações diferentes das crianças mais velhas

NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications

This chapter comments on the advantages of nanobiosensors using nanocrystals in improving electrochemical sensors’ response and their use as theragnostic tools in biomedical applications. The use of nanomaterials to modify electrochemical sensors’ surfaces to increase these devices’ sensitivity and their bio-functionality enables high-quality nanotechnological platforms. Thus, graphene nanostructures and CdSe/CdS magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) were shown to improve biosensor’s sensitivity. In addition, the use of CdSe/CdS MSQDs and cobalt ferrite nanocrystals (NCs) as potential tools for drug delivery systems and biocompatible titanium dioxide NCs in osseointegration processes and their bio-location are also demonstrated. So, this chapter shows some impressive results on which the group has been working regarding the applications of nanocrystals to electrochemical sensors and theranostic applications

Development of Ag-ZnO/AgO Nanocomposites Effectives for Leishmania braziliensis Treatment

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmania braziliensis (L.b) is one of the most clinically relevant pathogens that affects the skin and mucosa, causing single or multiple disfiguring and life-threatening injuries. Even so, the few treatment options for patients have significant toxicity, high dropout rates, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains, which implies the need for studies to promote new and better treatments to combat the disease. Zinc oxide nanocrystals are microbicidal and immunomodulatory agents. Here, we develop new Ag-ZnO/xAgO nanocomposites (NCPs) with three different percentages of silver oxide (AgO) nanocrystals (x = 49%, 65%, and 68%) that could act as an option for tegumentary leishmaniasis treatment. Our findings showed that 65% and 68% of AgO inhibit the extra and intracellular replication of L.b. and present a high selectivity index. Ag-ZnO/65%AgO NCPs modulate activation, expression of surface receptors, and cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells toward a proinflammatory phenotype. These results point to new Ag-ZnO/AgO nanocomposites as a promising option for L. braziliensis treatment