Real-Time In Vivo Imaging of Early Mucosal Changes during Ischemia-Reperfusion in Human Jejunum

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a frequent, potentially life threatening phenomenon. There is a lack of non-invasive diagnostic modalities. For many intestinal diseases, visualizing the intestinal mucosa using endoscopy is gold standard. However, limited knowledge exists on small intestinal IR-induced, early mucosal changes. The aims of this study were to investigate endoscopic changes in human jejunum exposed to IR, and to study concordance between endoscopic appearance and histology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 23 patients a part of jejunum, to be removed for surgical reasons, was isolated and selectively exposed to ischemia with 0, 30 or 120 minutes of reperfusion. In 3 patients, a videocapsule was inserted in the isolated segment before exposure to IR, to visualize the mucosa. Endoscopic view at several time points was related to histology (Heamatoxylin & Eosin) obtained from 20 patients. RESULTS: Ischemia was characterized by loss of villous structure, mucosal whitening and appearance of punctate lesions. This was related to appearance of subepithelial spaces and breaches in the epithelial lining in the histological view. Early during reperfusion, the lumen filled with IR-damaged, shed cells and VCE showed mucosal erosions, hemorrhage and intraluminal debris. At 60 minutes of reperfusion, the only remaining signs of IR were loss of villous structure and small erosions, indicating rapid mucosal healing. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a unique, real-time in vivo endoscopic view of early mucosal changes during IR of the human small intestine. Future studies should evaluate its usefulness in diagnosis of patients suspected of IR

Pleosporales

One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated. A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology, molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided. For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable, a brief note is given. Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated. Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella, Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families, viz. Lentitheciaceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Associação entre incidência de dengue, pluviosidade e densidade larvária de Aedes aegypti, no Estado de Goiás Association between dengue incidence, rainfall and larval density of Aedes aegypti, in the State of Goiás

INTRODUÇÃO: A densidade larvária de Aedes aegypti flutua de acordo com as variações climáticas sazonais, elevando-se nas estações de maior pluviosidade, em função do número de potenciais criadouros disponíveis, o que predispõe ao aumento da incidência de dengue. Este estudo teve o objetivo de mostrar a associação entre os casos de dengue, a pluviosidade e o índice de infestação predial. MÉTODOS: Os municípios foram estratificados de acordo com transmissão e risco de dengue, e infestados ou não pelo mosquito. Utilizou-se o índice de infestação predial larvário (IIP) como indicador de risco de transmissão. RESULTADOS: Houve correlação positiva entre o IIP, o número de casos de dengue e a pluviosidade. A transmissão da doença foi maior nos quatro primeiros meses de cada ano estudado, período de elevada pluviosidade, diminuindo, nos meses de junho a setembro, época de poucas chuvas. Os casos de dengue mostraram-se contínuos e crescentes nos meses de janeiro a março de cada ano, declinando nos meses de abril e maio, quando ocorreu a interrupção na maioria dos municípios. A região metropolitana de Goiânia foi responsável por mais de 80% dos casos de dengue em Goiás e a transmissão foi contínua em todos os meses, embora baixa no período de maio a dezembro, mas com aumento nos três últimos meses, os quais, normalmente, apresentam índices baixos de transmissão. CONCLUSÕES: A correlação positiva entre o IIP e a pluviosidade, e o IIP e a incidência de casos, apontaram para uma associação significativa crescente na transmissão e no número de casos de dengue.<br>INTRODUCTION: The larval density of Aedes aegypti fluctuates according to seasonal climatic changes. It rises in seasons with higher rainfall, according to the number of potential breeding sites available, thereby predisposing towards increased incidence of dengue. This study aimed to show the association between dengue cases, rainfall and the building infestation rate. METHODS: The municipalities were stratified according to the risk and transmission of dengue, and according to presence or absence of mosquito infestation. We used the building larval infestation rate as an indicator for the risk of transmission. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the building infestation rate, number of dengue cases and rainfall. Disease transmission was greater during the first four months of each year studied (period of high rainfall) and lower between June and September (season with low rainfall). Dengue cases occurred continually and in increased numbers between January and March of each year, and then declined in the months of April and May, when it ceased in most municipalities. The metropolitan region of Goiânia was responsible for more than 80% of the dengue cases in Goiás. Transmission was continuous throughout the year, although lower during the period from May to December. Over the last three months, there was increased transmission, but usually still at low rates. CONCLUSIONS: The positive correlation between the building infestation rate and rainfall, and between this rate and the incidence of cases, indicated a significant association between increasing transmission and increasing numbers of dengue cases