Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Anger Management Skills Test

Background: More awareness of anger in different social situations can help us to manage it efficiently. Unfortunately, the questionnaire measuring these differences hasn't been validated in Iran. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Springer anger control skills test. Method: The statistical population of this study was 200 college students consisted of 180 undergraduate, 15 M.Sc, and 5 Ph.D. students at Shiraz University. A random sampling method was used in this research. Springer anger control skills test was completed to assess the validity and reliability, Cronbach's alpha and internal validity, and exploratory factor analysis was used.  Results: Results indicated the reliability of 0.62 and a significant value (0.001).  KMO value was 0.45. Also, a significant difference was found between males and females in anger‏ management and allocated to sociality and non-family relationships (0.001). Simultaneously, there was no significant difference between females and males in other variables and subscales of anger control. Conclusion: Findings illustrate that this scale is reliable and valid and can be used in a clinical context. The difference between male and female in controlling anger in social situations can be related to Cultural influences and having more education; also, this sample only represents the population who had a higher level of education in comparison to others. Besides, they have received more educational training and necessary skills to cope with impulses and social encounters more appropriately

Early feeding and growth pattern in infants:Using a three-variate longitudinal model derived from Gaussian copula function

Background: The Gaussian copula model was used to generate joint distributions for continuous longitudinal variables on infant types of feeding and longitudinal measures of height, weight and head circumference  Methods: The study was performed longitudinally in rural areas of southern part of Iran, on children from birth to 9 months of age. Out of 319 infants with serial anthropometric measurements from birth, and 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9 months old, 120 were included. Infants were divided into three groups (breast fed, formula fed and both milk types). A three-variate longitudinal model including Copula function was used to estimate the effect of feeding on growth pattern. All the analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (Proc NLmix).  Results: Ninety infants (75%) were breastfed, sixteen (13.3%) were formula fed and fourteen (11.7%) had combined feeding. Copula model showed that, breast fed children had a better weight gain (β=0.627 95% CI 0.217-1.038 P = 0.003), height (β=2.603 95% CI 1.023-4.183 P = 0.001) and head circumference (β=0.8 95% CI 0.069- 1.531 P = 0.0) as compared to formula fed children. R2 for Copula model was (wt=0.52, ht=0.96, hc=0.84).  Conclusions: Implication of Copula model was easy to perform. Estimation of the parameters in copula model indicated that, breast milk consumption had a positive effect on the growth of infants

Early feeding and growth pattern in infants: Using a three-variate longitudinal model derived from Gaussian copula function

Background: The Gaussian copula model was used to generate joint distributions for continuous longitudinal variables on infant types of feeding and longitudinal measures of height, weight and head circumference  Methods: The study was performed longitudinally in rural areas of southern part of Iran, on children from birth to 9 months of age. Out of 319 infants with serial anthropometric measurements from birth, and 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9 months old, 120 were included. Infants were divided into three groups (breast fed, formula fed and both milk types). A three-variate longitudinal model including Copula function was used to estimate the effect of feeding on growth pattern. All the analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (Proc NLmix).  Results: Ninety infants (75%) were breastfed, sixteen (13.3%) were formula fed and fourteen (11.7%) had combined feeding. Copula model showed that, breast fed children had a better weight gain (β=0.627 95% CI 0.217-1.038 P = 0.003), height (β=2.603 95% CI 1.023-4.183 P = 0.001) and head circumference (β=0.8 95% CI 0.069- 1.531 P = 0.0) as compared to formula fed children. R2 for Copula model was (wt=0.52, ht=0.96, hc=0.84).  Conclusions: Implication of Copula model was easy to perform. Estimation of the parameters in copula model indicated that, breast milk consumption had a positive effect on the growth of infants.&nbsp