Identifying Problems Associated with Focus and Context Awareness in 3D Modelling Tasks

Creating complex 3D models is a challenging process. One of the main reasons for this is that 3D models are usually created using software developed for conventional 2D displays which lack true depth perspective, and therefore do not support correct perception of spatial placement and depth-ordering of displayed content. As a result, modellers often have to deal with many overlapping components of 3D models (e.g. vertices, edges, faces, etc.) on a 2D display surface. This in turn causes them to have difficulties in distinguishing distances, maintaining position and orientation awareness, etc. To better understand the nature of these problems, which can collectively be defined as ‘focus and context awareness’ problems, we have conducted a pilot study with a group of novice 3D modellers, and a series of interviews with a group of professional 3D modellers. This article presents these two studies, and their findings, which have resulted in identifying a set of focus and context awareness problems that modellers face in creating 3D models using conventional modelling software. The article also provides a review of potential solutions to these problems in the related literature

Analisis Dalil Pengharaman Narkoba Dalam Karya-karya Kajian Islam Kontemporer

Drugs are often associated with intoxicants. In the context of fiqih drugs usually dikiaskan to prohibition of wine. However, in line with the development of contemporary medical science, the works of the new fiqh also mention and emphasize that the effects of damage also have its own influence in relation to drug law. This study aims to explore and analyze the trends of contemporary jurisprudence works in explaining their backs in relating the status of Sharia law values to drug abuse. This study uses qualitative methods. The data obtained from these works were analyzed and made comparisons. A number of 10 contemporary works that discuss drug law and the reasons for its prohibition have been used in this study. The study concluded that the works agreed that drug abuse is haram according to the Shari'a. All activities related to drug abuse such as planting, processing, owning, buying or selling permits used to cooperate with its misuse are haram. Likewise, in terms of its proofing proposition, all works tend to see it is based on the kias to the wine based on the argument that drugs are potentially intoxicating. The works only mention the destructive aspect without emphasizing it as an important basis for the prohibition of drug abuse. This is certainly not in accordance with the reality of the threat of drugs that not only grab the function of the intellect alone, even damaging the five-five main objectives of Islamic law, namely religion, life, intellect, descent and wealth. Hence the affirmation of the restrictive section needs to be emphasized in an effort to ensure fair drug abuse is prevented and handled more seriously in order to ensure the well-being of the ummah is maintained

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The Current Perceptions About Instructional Tools in Educational Towards Adoption of Virtual Reality Among Undergraduate Students

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a major tool in this field of research and education development. However, many challenges arise for students during the course of instruction and learning. The learning process, the placement of support assessment variables, and the behavioral intention to continue using it within the learning spectrum are crucial to the success of virtual reality in the educational sector. The goals of this study are to inquire into the degree to which VR is now being utilized in the field of education. In addition, Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data since it provided an applicable approach to use across the interviews, many methods combined into this study. The study polled 32 teachers and analyzed the results with advanced analysist tools. All of the proposed points were determined using the data analysis. &nbsp

A Review of Virtual Reality Applications in an Educational Domain

The use of virtual reality (VR) applications has grown tremendously in recent years. This paper focuses on the review of existing virtual reality applications in higher educational institutions. The VR applications are still not widely used although it helps students in their learning process and enhances their performance. Moreover, some factors which lead to the limited use of virtual reality are lack of communication, delay in technology development, and weak acquisition of knowledge etc. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of virtual reality applications in educational institutions. The reviewed articles are taken from databases such as Science Direct, Ebscohost, and Scopus. Furthermore, the reviewed eighteen articles are published between 2016 and 2021. The study analyzed the reviewed articles based on different factors such as fields, purpose, targets, methods, citations, factors and limitations. The findings revealed that virtual reality applications can play an important role in the education domain. The reviewed articles highlighted the significant contribution of virtual reality applications in the education domain and their impact on the students' performance. Moreover, the study revealed the important factors used in VR environments such as ease of use, efficiency, interactive environments, effectiveness, and learning environments