Rates for Color Shifted Microlensing Events

If the objects responsible for gravitational microlensing (ML) of Galactic-bulge stars are faint dwarfs, then blended light from the lens will distort the shape of the ML light curve and shift the color of the observed star during the event. The resolution in current surveys is not accurate enough to observe this effect, but it should be detected with frequent and precise followup observations. We calculate the expected rates for ML events where the shape distortions will be observable by such followup observations, assuming that the lenses are ordinary main-sequence stars in a bar and in the disk. We study the dependence of the rates for color-shifted (CS) events on the frequency of followup observations and on the precision of the photometry for a variety of waveband pairings. We find that for hourly observations in $B$ and $K$ with typical photometric errors of 0.01 mag, 28\% of the events where a main-sequence bulge star is lensed, and 7\% of the events where the source is a bulge giant, will give rise to a measurable CS at the 95\% confidence level. For observations in $V$ and $I$, the fractions become 18\% and 5\%, respectively, but may be increased to 40\% and 13\% by improved photometric accuracy and increased sampling frequency. We outline how the mass, distance, and transverse speed of the lens can be obtained, giving examples of typical errors. We discuss how CS events can be distinguished from events where the source is blended with a binary companion.Comment: 36 pages, uuencoded postscript fil

Ethical Concerns of Heroism Training

Heroism training programs originated in the mid-2000s with the goal to “Train everyday heroes” (Heroic Imagination Project, 2017). Most participants of these programs are students between the ages of 10 and 20. Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that these programs may create more courageous and prosocial people (Heiner, 2018; Kohen & Sólo, 2019), however there is very little discussion in the emerging academic field of heroism science about the potential ethical concerns of training minors to be heroes (Beggan, 2019; Franco & Zimbardo, 2016; Franco et al., 2017). With the growth of heroism science scholarship, it would be wise to examine and offer best practices for the ethical training of heroism with minors. Heroic action is inherently risky, and while training programs currently discuss mortality and risk assessment, minors have not developed the neural or cognitive capacity to assess risks as adults can. Furthermore, the content and goals of heroism training may go against schools’ and parents’ wishes. Heroism training programs also have the potential to make heroism seem glamorous, which could lead some participants to seek out, or create, situations requiring heroic action. The paper discusses these, and other, ethical concerns in training minors to be heroes. The paper concludes with a variety of best practice recommendations for heroism training programs working with minors including; obtaining parent consent for training, working to improve minors’ risk assessment abilities, domain specific training, and involving parents and other relevant stakeholders in the heroism training process

Ion-Exchanged Glass Waveguide Technology: A Review

We review the history and current status of ion exchanged glass waveguide technology. The background of ion exchange in glass and key developments in the first years of research are briefly described. An overview of fabrication, characterization and modeling of waveguides is given and the most important waveguide devices and their applications are discussed. Ion exchanged waveguide technology has served as an available platform for studies of general waveguide properties, integrated optics structures and devices, as well as applications. It is also a commercial fabrication technology for both passive and active waveguide components

Body Mass Index, Sleep Quality, Stress Conditions Determine Menstrual Cycles Among Female Adolescents

Menstrual cycles are an important indicator of women's health. Menstrual cycles can be affected by body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, and stress. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress and the menstrual cycle. The subjects of this research were the female adolescents at the age of at least 15 years old that had experienced menstruation for at least 2 years. The dependent variable is the menstrual cycle while the independent variables are BMI, sleep quality, and stress conditions. Observational analytic research method with Cross sectional design was used in this research. The subjects were 148 female students. The BMI data were obtained through the anthropometric measurement. The sleep quality data were taken with PSQI questionnaire, and the stress condition data obtained from PSS-10 questionnaire which were then analysed using Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression. Results of study showed that there is a significant relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress conditions and the adolescent menstrual cycle. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the female adolescents with abnormal BMI are at risk of having menstrual cycle disorders 1.91 times. The adolescents with poor sleep quality are at risk experiencing menstrual cycle disorders 2.05 times, and the adolescents with stress conditions at risk of the menstrual cycle disorders 2.26 times. There is a relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress conditions and the menstrual cycle. Stress conditions most influence the regularity of the menstrual cycle

The ethics of donation and transplantation: are definitions of death being distorted for organ transplantation?

A recent commentary defends 1) the concept of 'brain arrest' to explain what brain death is, and 2) the concept that death occurs at 2–5 minutes after absent circulation. I suggest that both these claims are flawed. Brain arrest is said to threaten life, and lead to death by causing a secondary respiratory then cardiac arrest. It is further claimed that ventilation only interrupts this way that brain arrest leads to death. These statements imply that brain arrest is not death itself. Brain death is a devastating state that leads to death when intensive care, which replaces some of the brain's vital functions such as breathing, is withdrawn and circulation stops resulting in irreversible loss of integration of the organism. Circulatory death is said to occur at 2–5 minutes after absent circulation because, in the context of DCD, the intent is to not attempt reversal of the absent circulation. No defense of this weak construal of irreversible loss of circulation is given. This means that paents in identical physiologic states are dead (in the DCD context) or alive (in the resuscitation context); the current state of death (at 2–5 minutes) is contingent on a future event (whether there will be resuscitation) suggesting backward causation; and the commonly used meaning of irreversible as 'not capable of being reversed' is abandoned. The literature supporting the claim that autoresuscitation does not occur in the context of no cardiopulmonary resuscitation is shown to be very limited. Several cases of autoresuscitation are summarized, suggesting that the claim that these cases are not applicable to the current debate may be premature. I suggest that brain dead and DCD donors are not dead; whether organs can be harvested before death from these patients whose prognosis is death should be debated urgently

Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Pertanian Kabupaten Sleman

Permasalahan pangan masih menjadi perhatian utama dalam upaya pembangunan secara nasional maupun regional. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) mengukur tingkat ketahanan pangan, dan 2) menggambarkan strategi pemenuhan pangan rumah tangga pertanian di Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik Sampel Gugus Bertahap berdasarkan fisiografis wilayah, yaitu hamparan, lereng Merapi, dan Prambanan. Data dianalisis menggunakan tabulasi silang, Chi Square, dan analisis Korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil menunjukan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga pertanian lebih tinggi wilayah hamparan (60%) dibanding dengan wilayah lereng Merapi (58,82%) dan Prambanan (30%). Rumah tangga pertanian keluar dari kondisi sulit pangan dengan: 1) menyediakan pangan seperti: membeli, meminjam pangan, dan di wilayah lereng, menambah pangan pokok dengan umbi-umbian; 2) mengakses pangan seperti: meningkatkan penghasilan sektor non pertanian, memilih pangan murah, membatasi belanja, dan di wilayah lereng Prambanan memanfaatkan pekarangan sebagai kebun; serta 3) menyerap pangan: seperti: pangan bergizi untuk anak, membatasi porsi makan, dan memilih pangan tidak pada kualitas terbaik

Mimicking Time Evolution within a Quantum Ground State: Ground-State Quantum Computation, Cloning, and Teleportation

Ground-state quantum computers mimic quantum mechanical time evolution within the amplitudes of a time-independent quantum state. We explore the principles that constrain this mimicking. A no-cloning argument is found to impose strong restrictions. It is shown, however, that there is flexibility that can be exploited using quantum teleportation methods to improve ground-state quantum computer design.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure