67 research outputs found
Blue luminescence of Au nanoclusters embedded in silica matrix
Photoluminescence study using the 325 nm He-Cd excitation is reported for the
Au nanoclusters embedded in SiO2 matrix. Au clusters are grown by ion beam
mixing with 100 KeV Ar+ irradiation on Au [40 nm]/SiO2 at various fluences and
subsequent annealing at high temperature. The blue bands above ~3 eV match
closely with reported values for colloidal Au nanoclusters and supported Au
nanoislands. Radiative recombination of sp electrons above Fermi level to
occupied d-band holes are assigned for observed luminescence peaks. Peaks at
3.1 eV and 3.4 eV are correlated to energy gaps at the X- and L-symmetry
points, respectively, with possible involvement of relaxation mechanism. The
blue shift of peak positions at 3.4 eV with decreasing cluster size is reported
to be due to the compressive strain in small clusters. A first principle
calculation based on density functional theory using the full potential linear
augmented plane wave plus local orbitals (FP-LAPW+LO) formalism with
generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange correlation energy is
used to estimate the band gaps at the X- and L-symmetry points by calculating
the band structures and joint density of states (JDOS) for different strain
values in order to explain the blueshift of ~0.1 eV with decreasing cluster
size around L-symmetry point.Comment: 13 pages, 7 Figures Only in PDF format; To be published in J. of
Chem. Phys. (Tentative issue of publication 8th December 2004
Universal SSE algorithm for Heisenberg model and Bose Hubbard model with interaction
We propose universal SSE method for simulation of Heisenberg model with
arbitrary spin and Bose Hubbard model with interaction. We report on the first
calculations of soft-core bosons with interaction by the SSE method. Moreover
we develop a simple procedure for increase efficiency of the algorithm. From
calculation of integrated autocorrelation times we conclude that the method is
efficient for both models and essentially eliminates the critical slowing down
problem.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
poST
Publisher Copyright: AuthorThis paper presents the core concepts for the poST language - a process-oriented extension of the IEC 61131-3 Structured Text (ST) language which intends to provide a conceptual consistency of the PLC source code with technological description of the plant operating procedure. The poST can be seamlessly used as a textual programming language for complex PLC software in the context of IEC 61131-3 (3rd Edition). The language combines the advantages of FSM-based programming with the conventional syntax of the ST language which would facilitate its adoption. The poST language assumes that a poST-program is a set of weakly connected concurrent processes, structurally and functionally corresponding to the technological description of the plant. Each process is specified by a sequential set of states. The states are specified by a set of the ST constructs, extended by TIMEOUT operation, SET STATE operation, and START / STOP / check state operations to communicate with other processes. The paper describes the basic syntax of the poST language, demonstrates the usage of the poST language by developing control software for an elevator, and compares the development in poST with pure Structured Text.Peer reviewe
Application of Raman spectroscopy to study the inactivation process of bacterial microorganisms
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is one of the promising approaches for structural and functional studies of various biological
objects, including bacterial microorganisms. Both traditional biochemical tests and genetic methods which require
expensive reagents, consumables and are time-consuming are used for bacterial analysis. Spectroscopic methods are
positioned as noninvasive, highly sensitive, and requiring minimal sample preparation. In this work we investigated
the possibility of using the RS method using optical sensors based on gold anisotropic nanoparticles. The applicability
of the method was demonstrated by studying the effect of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and an extract of
Viburnum opulus L (VO) on Escherichia coli (E. Coli) colonies. The studies were performed by Raman spectroscopy
using a Virsa spectrometer (Renishaw). Raman signal amplification was carried out using two original optical sensors
proposed by the authors. To create sensors, we used a chemical method of depositing gold nanostars on APTES-modified
quartz glasses and a physical method for creating sensors based on anodizing titanium surfaces. The results of the study
showed the high sensitivity and information content of the proposed method. The possibility of using the RS method
for studying the inactivation of bacterial microorganisms is shown. Spectral Raman bands of E. Coli were determined
and identified before and after exposure to VO extract and antibiotic as a control. A decrease in the intensity of spectral
modes corresponding to amino acids and purine metabolites was found in the average Raman spectrum of E. Coli
after exposure to VO extract. For the first time, a study of the antimicrobial effect of an aqueous extract of VO fruits
was carried out by the method of Raman scattering. It has been shown that the use of plant extracts, including VO fruit
extracts, to inactivate the vital activity of bacterial colonies is a promising approach to the search for new alternative
antibacterial agents. The results obtained are in good agreement with the already known scientific studies and confirm
the effectiveness of the proposed method
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
User-friendly formal specifications and verification of parallel and distributed systems from various subject fields, such as automatic control, telecommunications, business processes, are active research topics due to its practical significance. In this paper, we present methods for the development of verification-oriented domain-specific process ontologies which are used to describe parallel and distributed systems of subject fields. One of the advantages of such ontologies is their formal semantics which make possible formal verification of the described systems. Our method is based on the abstract verification-oriented process ontology. We use two methods of specialization of the abstract process ontology. The declarative method uses the specialization of the classes of the original ontology, introduction of new declarative classes, as well as use of new axioms system, which restrict the classes and relations of the abstract ontology. The constructive method uses semantic markup and pattern matching techniques to link sublect fields with classes of the abstract process ontology. We provide detailed ontological specifications for these techniques. Our methods preserve the formal semantics of the original process ontology and, therefore, the possibility of applying formal verification methods to the specializedΒ process ontologies. We show that the constructive method is a refinement of the declarative method. The construction of ontology of the typical elements of automatic control systems illustrates our methods: we develop a declarative description of the classes and restrictions for the specialized ontology in the ProtΒ΄egΒ΄e system in the OWL language using the deriving rules written in the SWRL language and we construct the system of semantic markup templates which implements typical elements of automatic control systems.Π£Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡ Π΄Π°ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Protege Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ OWL Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ SWRL ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
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