59 research outputs found

    Анализ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ значСниями

    Get PDF
    Null values have become an urgent problem since the creation of the relational dataΒ model. The impact of the uncertainty affects all types of dependencies used in the design and operationΒ of the database. This fully applies to the inclusion dependencies, which are the theoretical basis forΒ referential integrity on the data. Attempts to solve this problem contain inaccuracy in the statementΒ of the problem and its solution. The errors in formulation of the problem can be associated with theΒ use in the definition of untyped inclusion dependencies, which leads to permutations of the attributes,Β although, the attributes in database technology are identified by name and not by their place. In addition, linking with the use of the inclusion dependencies of heterogeneous attributes, even of the same type, is a sign of lost functional dependencies and leads to interaction of inclusion dependencies and non-trivial functional dependencies. Inaccuracies in the solution of the problem are contained in the statements of axioms and the proof of their properties, including completeness. In this paper we propose an original solution of this problem only for typed inclusion dependencies in the presence of Null values: a new axiom system is proposed, its completeness and soundness are proved. On the basis of inference rules we developed an algorithm for the construction of a not surplus set of typed inclusion dependencies. The correctness of the algorithm is proved.НСопрСдСлСнныС значСния стали Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ с ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° создания рСляционной ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ВлияниС нСопрСдСлСнностСй сказываСтся Π½Π° всСх Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ… зависимостСй,Β ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ эксплуатации Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π’ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ это относится ΠΈΒ ΠΊ зависимостям Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ тСорСтичСской основой ссылочной цСлостности Π½Π°Β Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ содСрТат нСточности ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² постановкС Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ,Β Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² самом Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. К постановочным ошибкам ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ отнСсти использованиС Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ пСрСстановкам Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ², хотя в тСхнологиях Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, связываниС Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ² являСтся признаком потСрянной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ зависимости ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй. Зависимости Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Β ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ количСствСнноС соотнСсСниС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, Π° Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ². НСточности Π² Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ содСрТатся Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ… аксиом ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ их свойств, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π’ этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ прСдлагаСтся ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ для Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ:Β ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° систСма аксиом, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. На основС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ построСния Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мноТСства Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΒ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этого Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ°

    ΠžΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° для зависимостСй соСдинСния Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

    Get PDF
    In this paper a generalisation of the inference rules of the join dependencies that are used in the design of database schemas that meets the requirements of the fifth normal form is considered. In the previous works devoted to this problem, attempts to construct systems of the axioms of such dependencies based on inference rules are made. However, while the justification for the consistency (soundness) of the obtained axioms does not cause difficulties, the proof of completeness in general has not been satisfactorily resolved. First of all, this is due to the limitations of the inference rules themselves. This work focuses on two original axiom systems presented in the works of Sciore and Malvestuto. For the inclusion dependencies a system of rules that generalises existing systems and has fewer restrictions has been obtained. The paper presents a proof of the derivability of known systems of axioms from the presented inference rules. In addition, evidence of the consistency (soundness) of these rules is provided. The question of the completeness of the formal system based on the presented rules did not find a positive solution. In conclusion, the theoretical and practical significance of the inference rules for the join dependencies is noted.Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ рассматриваСтся ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° зависимостСй соСдинСния, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ схСмы Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ трСбованиям пятой Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. Π’ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ…, посвящСнных Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ систСмы аксиом Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… зависимостСй, основанных Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ… Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Однако, Ссли обоснованиС нСпротиворСчивости (надСТности) ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… аксиом Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ случаС Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго, это связано с ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ самих ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСмах аксиом, прСдставлСнных Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ… Sciore ΠΈ Malvestuto. Для зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° систСма ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ», которая ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ систСмы ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ мСньшС ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ прСдставлСно Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ выводимости извСстных систСм аксиом ΠΈΠ· прСдставлСнных ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, приводится Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ нСпротиворСчивости (надСТности) этих ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ». Вопрос ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы, основанной Π½Π° прСдставлСнных ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ…, Π½Π΅ нашСл ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° тСорСтичСская ΠΈ практичСская Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° для зависимостСй соСдинСния

    ВСстированиС зависимостСй ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

    Get PDF
    The process of testing dependencies and inference rules can be used in two ways. First, testing allows verification hypotheses about unknown inference rules. The main goal, in this case, is to search for the relation - a counterexample that illustrates the feasibility of the initial dependencies and contradicts the consequence. The found counterexample refutes the hypothesis, the absence of a counterexample allows searching for a generalization of the rule and conditions for its feasibility (logically imply). Testing cannot be used as a proof of the feasibility of inference rules, since the process of generalization requires the search for universal inference conditions for each rule, which cannot be programmed, since even the form of these conditions is unknown. Secondly, when designing a particular database, it may be necessary to test the feasibility of a rule for which there is no theoretical justification. Such a situation can take place in the presence of anomalies in the superkey. The solution to this problem is based on using join dependency inference rules. For these dependencies, a complete system of rules (axioms) has not yet been found. This paper discusses: 1) a technique for testing inference rules using the example of join dependencies, 2) a scheme of a testing algorithm is proposed, 3) some hypotheses are considered for which there are no counterexamples and inference rules, 4) an example of using testing when searching for a correct decomposition of a superkey is proposed.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅ΡΡ тСстирования зависимостСй ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использован Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… направлСниях. Π’ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ…, тСстированиС позволяСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ нСизвСстных ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Основная Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом поиск Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ - ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ удовлСтворяСт исходным зависимостям ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ. НайдСнный ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρƒ, отсутствиС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° позволяСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ поиску обобщСния ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ условий Π΅Π³ΠΎ выполнимости (logically imply). ВСстированиС Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ выполнимости ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ процСсс обобщСния Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ поиска ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… условий выводимости для ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ этих условий нСизвСстСн. Π’ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° выполнимости ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ отсутствуСт тСорСтичСскоС обоснованиС. Вакая ситуация ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡƒΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅. РСшСниС этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ основываСтся Π½Π° использовании ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° зависимостСй соСдинСния. Для этих зависимостСй ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° полная систСма ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» (аксиом). Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся: 1) ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° провСдСния тСстирования ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ зависимостСй соСдинСния, 2) ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° схСма Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° тСстирования, 3) рассмотрСны Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, 4) ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ использования тСстирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ поискС ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡƒΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°

    β€œFollowing a Simplified Scheme”: Project Development and Launch of Production at the Solikamsk Sulphite Pulp Mill

    Full text link
    ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ: 15.09.2021. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ: 29.12.2022.Submitted: 15.09.2021. Accepted: 29.12.2022.Π’ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… совСтских пятилСтних ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ большоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли. Π’ структурС Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса этот ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ отличался слабым ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ развития. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° сдСлана Π½Π° созданиС срСдних ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… производств. Π’ ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ имСлись ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ запасы лСсных рСсурсов ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΈ, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ нСсколько ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Бформировался ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π£Ρ€Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΈ Π² восточных Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли. ЦСлью ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ размСщСния, проСктирования ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Боликамского ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°. Π’ сСрСдинС 1930-Ρ… Π³Π³. Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ принято Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ прСдприятия. Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π» ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли тСхнологичСскиС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈ пуска ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π° нСсколько Ρ€Π°Π· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ пСрСрабатывался, ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ НаркомлСса Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  Π² Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠšΠ’Π” Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . Π’ 1940 Π³. Боликамский ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ выдСлился Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ прСдприятиС, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ сооруТСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π’ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅ 1941 Π³., Π·Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ мСсяца Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠžΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹, прСдприятиС Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹. ΠŸΡƒΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π° стал Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ схСмС β€” ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° отсутствия ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ нСисправностСй части оборудования. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ прСдприятия Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° установлСна Π² Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ…. К Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Ρ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΉ силы, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… прСдприятий ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΡ. Π‘ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-государствСнныС ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ хозяйствСнныС вСдомства ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ сооруТСниС ΠΈ дооснащСниС Боликамского ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ сказались Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ прСдприятия эвакуация ряда производств, Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-спиртового Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ поблизости ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ связи, ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ.During the years of implementation of the first Soviet five-year plans, great attention was paid to the pulp and paper industry. In the forest industry structure, this component was characterised by a weak level of development. The bet was made on the creation of medium and large pulp and paper industries. In the Urals, where there were large reserves of forest resources and rivers, they built several plants. The largest centre of the pulp and paper industry in the Urals and in the eastern regions of the USSR was formed. The purpose of this article is to study the location, design, and launch of production of the Solikamsk Sulphite Pulp Mill. In the mid-1930s, it was decided to build an enterprise. The project involved innovative technological solutions for the pulp and paper industry. The launch of the plant was postponed several times, the project was altered, and the construction was entrusted from the People’s Commissariat of Forest Industry of the USSR to the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In 1940, the Solikamsk Sulphite Pulp Mill became an independent enterprise, but its construction continued. In March 1941, three months before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the company began the production of pulp. The production was only possible within a simplified scheme due to the absence or malfunction of equipment. The performance of the enterprise was set in insignificant volumes. With the outbreak of war, partystate bodies and economic departments continued the construction of the Solikamsk Sulphite Pulp Mill and providing additional equipment. The company’s development was boosted by the evacuation of several industries, the start of the sulphite waste liquor alcohol plant and the construction of a defense plant nearby. This allowed the plant to develop cooperative ties and master new types of products.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ РЀЀИ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° β„– 21-09-43024 Β«ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… пятилСток: замысСл ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Β».The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 21-09-43024 β€œSpatial Distribution of the Industry of the USSR in the Years of the Pre-War Five-Year Plans: The Idea and the Result”

    ΠžΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ зависимости Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ значСниями Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

    Get PDF
    The paper discusses a new type of dependency in databases, which is a generalization of inclusion dependencies. Traditionally, such dependencies are used in practice to ensure referential integrity. In this case, the restriction is established only between a pair of relations, the first of which is called the main, the second is external. In practice, referential integrity often needs to be established for a larger number of relations, where several main and several external relations participate in the same constraint. Such a structure corresponds to an ultragraph. The paper provides a rationale for generalized inclusion dependencies that take into account the presence of null values in external relations. Based on the study of the properties of typed dependencies, a system of axioms is obtained, for which consistency (soundness) and completeness are proved.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ зависимостСй Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ зависимости Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ для обСспСчСния ссылочной цСлостности. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом, ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ устанавливаСтся Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… называСтся Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ β€” внСшним. На ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡ‹Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ часто трСбуСтся ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ для большСго числа ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ нСсколько Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ нСсколько ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Вакая структура соотвСтствуСт ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρƒ. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ обоснованиС ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ…. На основС исслСдования свойств Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° систСма аксиом, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π°

    Автоматизация формирования Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ

    Get PDF
    The paper considers automation problems of the interface formation between a table and a relational database. The task description is formalized and the description of the existing approaches to formation of data representations on an example of widely widespread CASE-tools is submitted. The definition of intermediate data representation as a ”join table” is offered, which is used for maintenance of correctness of data representation formation, and also is necessary for direct and inverse data transformations. On the basis of lossless join property and realized dependencies, the concept and a way of context formation of the application and restrictions is introduced. The considered material is further used for constructing an inverse data transformation from tabular presentation into a relational one. On the basis of relationships properties on a database scheme, the partial order on the relations is established, and the restriction of acyclic databases schemes is introduced. The received results are further used at the analysis of principles of formation of inverse data transformation, and the basic details of such a transformation algorithm are considered.РассмотрСны ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ формирования интСрфСйса ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ рСляционной Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° постановка Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΈ прСдставлСно описаниС ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ прСдставлСний Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ распространСнных CASE-инструмСнтов. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСдставлСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ соСдинСний, которая ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ для обСспСчСния коррСктности формирования прСдставлСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° для прямого ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСобразования Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. На основС свойства соСдинСния Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зависимостСй вводится понятиС ΠΈ способ формирования контСкстов прилоТСния ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅. РассмотрСнный ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ для построСния ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСобразования Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСдставлСния Π² рСляционноС. На основС использования свойств связСй Π½Π° схСмС Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… устанавливаСтся частичный порядок Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, вводится ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ацикличности Π½Π° допустимыС схСмы Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² формирования ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСобразования Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, рассмотрСна схСма Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСобразования

    Dynamics of Economic Indicators in the Forest Industrial Complex of the Urals During the Great Patriotic War

    Full text link
    During the Great Patriotic War, the timber industry complex of the Urals played an important role in the economy of the region and the Soviet Union. Based on the statistical data introduced by the researcher A.A. Antufiev, analyzed the dynamics of the value of industrial fixed assets and gross output, including per worker, in the timber industry of the Urals. Conclusions are made about the increase in the value of assets, the decrease in the value of gross output, the lag of the actual labor productivity of workers from the indicators of the industry of the Urals and the Soviet Union.Π’ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠžΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс Π£Ρ€Π°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π» Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² экономикС Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ БовСтского Боюза. На основС статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ исслСдоватСлСм А.А. ΠΠ½Ρ‚ΡƒΡ„ΡŒΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ, прСдпринят Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ стоимости производствСнных основных Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΈΠ· расчСта Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ, Π² лСсной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π£Ρ€Π°Π»Π°. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ± ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ стоимости Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ стоимости Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, отставании фактичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π£Ρ€Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ БовСтского Боюза

    Quality control indicators of soil ridges at sowing cultivated crops

    Get PDF
    Β© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The initial component of any cultivated crops technology is high-quality preparation of a field in order to create proper conditions for the subsequent seed placement,plant root system’s growth and development stimulation. At the same time,any mechanical treatment should not disrupt the optimal soil structure; it should preserve the soil fertility,protect against erosion processes and maintain moisture to the greatest possible extent. Traditional technologies of growing cultivated crops on a flat field surface have been and remain the most widespread. However,the studies have found that the most promising is the ridge technology. A ridger seeder is developed for implementation of the ridge technology; the ridger seeder’s application allows to cost effectively perform presowing cultivation in just one pass,after sowing the seeds to form a soil mound over a stitch of sown seeds,to compact such soil mound on three sides and finally form a soil ridge of a required dimension and density. The tool’s flat disk and concave disks of the ridger seeder’s ridge forming roller have substantiated approach angles. It has been revealed that structural and operating parameters of the tools with flat discs and the ridge forming roller,as well as physical and mechanical properties of the soil affect the process of forming the soil ridges of required dimension and density at seeding any cultivated crops

    Intramontane lacustrine basins in the Siberian Altai: recorders of Cenozoic intracontinental tectonic and climatic events

    Get PDF
    The Altai Mountains are part of the vast intracontinental Central Asian orogenic system that formed during the Cenozoic as a distal effect of continued indentation of the Indian plate into the Eurasian continent. In the Siberian part of the Altai Mountains there is ample evidence to suggest that the pre-Cenozoic structural fabric of its basement is a controlling factor in the Cenozoic deformation and development of this intracontinental orogen. We give evidence that important Paleozoic fault zones were reactivated during the Cenozoic, particularly the Late Cenozoic and play a key role in the formation, evolution and current morphology of the Siberian Altai Mountains. Some of these faults are still active and recent and historic movements along them have triggered large seismic events. Late Cenozoic reactivation was expressed as pure thrust, oblique thrust to pure strike-slip faulting, resulting in an overall transpressive tectonic regime. In some cases, as for the graben basin of Lake Teletskoye, local, pure extensional stresses are responsible for its formation as we show in this contribution. Various other intramontane, tectonic basins developed. Some of these are very recent structures (the Teletskoye Basin) and are Pleistocene in age or younger, others have a prolonged history and contain a relatively complete Cenozoic sedimentary section, with evidence of Late Mesozoic precursor basins (Chuya Basin, Dzhulukul Basin). Some of these exhibit indications of marine incursions, but the basins are predominantly continental. The development of these basins is clearly associated with the location and Cenozoic reactivation of aforementioned long-lived fault zones in the Altai tectonic assemblage. Many of these basins accommodated fresh water lakes during their evolution and some are still the site of contemporary mountain lakes. Their stratigraphy, as well as the sedimentary architecture and basin morphology is manifestly influenced by and progresses with the stages of (Late) Cenozoic intracontinental mountain building and erosive denudation of the growing mountain ranges. Together with the clastic sedimentary input and the provenance characteristics, the intramontane Altai basin deposits are affected by evolving climatic conditions. These conditions dictate the main mode of erosion and transport, influence the sedimentary facies and supply rate and create the framework for a specific biocoenosis signature found in the fossil record. Our contribution reviews the data obtained over the last years from a selection of intramontane lacustrine basins in the Siberian Altai Mountains. We direct our attention in particular to the Teletskoye basin, the Chuya-Kurai Basin and the Dzhulukul Basin. We combine sedimentologic-stratigraphic data with basin architecture and morphology, and with basement geochronologic-thermochronologic constraints (apatite fission-track, U/Pb and Ar-dating) in order to show the potential of these basins as recorders of Cenozoic tectonic and climatic events in relation with basement features. While for example the data obtained from the Chuya Basin yields a continuous Cenozoic picture of deformation and climatic evolution of the Altai area, data from the Teletskoye Basin zooms in with higher resolution on the Pleistocene to Recent history. In general, all data point towards intensifying tectonic reactivation and mountain building of the Siberian Altai Mountains since the Middle Cenozoic, with clear peak activity in the Pliocene to Recent. This is demonstrated by the molassetype deposits in these basins, and by thermochronologic constraints. This activity is ongoing and structural, (paleo)seismic, geomorphologic and sedimentologic data corroborates this. The lacustrine Altai basins provide a record for a more or less continuous progressive cooling and aridification of the Altai area during the Cenozoic as manifested in the pollen fossil assemblages found in the Altai sediments

    New stratigraphic data on the quaternary sediments in the Peschanaya River Valley, Northwestern Altai

    Get PDF
    Β© 2017 Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This paper presents new data on the structure and the lithological, pedological, paleontological, and paleomagnetic features of the Middle and Upper Quaternary sediments in the Peschanaya River valley, the foothills of northwestern Altai. Those horizons contain a loess-soil sequence and sediments relating to two Middle Pleistocene interglacials. On the basis of palynological characteristics of one of the Middle Pleistocene interglacials, the succession of fl oras during the respective stages is reconstructed. The Middle Pleistocene interglacial fl oras of Western Siberia are compared with that reconstructed on the basis of the Karama site, evidencing marked differences. The fl ora around Karama included broad-leaved taxa, which were absent during the Middle Pleistocene interglacials of Western Siberia, when apart from modern arboreal taxa, only cold-resistant broad-leaved ones were present (Tilia, Corylus, Ulmus, and Juglans). The Karama fl ora resembles the last Western Siberian thermophilic fl ora-Barnaul, which existed during the long climatic warming of the Early Pleistocene, corresponding to the Tiglian in northwestern Europe (2.23-1.59 Ma BP). Since the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, interglacial fl oras of Western Siberia have resembled modern ones. In terms of phytocenotic and palaeoclimatic features, Middle Pleistocene interglacial environments of Western Siberia display a sharp contrast with those of Barnaul and Karama
    • …
    corecore