Control of recollision wave packets for molecular orbital tomography using short laser pulses

The tomographic imaging of arbitrary molecular orbitals via high-order harmonic generation requires that electrons recollide from one direction only. Within a semi-classical model, we show that extremely short phase-stabilized laser pulses offer control over the momentum distribution of the returning electrons. By adjusting the carrier-envelope phase, recollisions can be forced to occur from mainly one side, while retaining a broad energy spectrum. The signatures of the semi-classical distributions are observed in harmonic spectra obtained by numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; v2: Added some extra clarifications; v3: minor grammatical change

1. Wochenbericht Maria S. Merian Expedition MSM70: BATHYCHEM - Bathymetrist Seamounts

Atlantik 9°10 N/ 21°16 W, 31. Dezember 201

Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Kidney Transplant Rejection

Kidney transplant rejection is complex clinical problem with long-lasting consequences for the patient. The focus of this thesis is optimization of the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplant rejection. The conclusions of this thesis are: __i)__ belatacept remains a promising immunosuppressive drug for subgroups of kidney transplant recipients, for instance in patients with post-transplantation diabetes mellitus, but a more tailored st

The silver linings of lottery play: motivation and subjective well-being of British lottery participants

Although certain researchers have attributed widespread lottery play to irrational beliefs that people hold regarding the chances of winning the lottery, another explanation for the popularity of lottery gambling is that lottery players may experience positive emotions before the draw. Therefore, in this study, we examine the relationship between lottery participation and happiness. Using data from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010 and utilizing propensity score matching methods, we find a small positive effect of lottery participation on happiness for individuals who engage in lottery play for recreational purposes

13 million years of seafloor spreading throughout the Red Sea Basin

The crustal and tectonic structure of the Red Sea and especially the maximum northward extent of the (ultra)slow Red Sea spreading centre has been debated—mainly due to a lack of detailed data. Here, we use a compilation of earthquake and vertical gravity gradient data together with high-resolution bathymetry to show that ocean spreading is occurring throughout the entire basin and is similar in style to that at other (ultra)slow spreading mid-ocean ridges globally, with only one first-order offset along the axis. Off-axis traces of axial volcanic highs, typical features of (ultra)slow-spreading ridges, are clearly visible in gravity data although buried under thick salt and sediments. This allows us to define a minimum off-axis extent of oceanic crust of <55 km off the coast along the complete basin. Hence, the Red Sea is a mature ocean basin in which spreading began along its entire length 13 Ma ago

Linear dichroism of CdSe nanodots: Large anisotropy of the band-gap absorption induced by ground-state dipole moments

We measured the electric field induced linear dichroism for a wide range of sizes of CdSe nanocrystals. Large ground-state dipole moments were observed, especially for the smallest crystals. In these, we found a very large anisotropy of the absorption and most of the dipole strength is along the direction of the ground-state dipole moment. For the anisotropy, we propose a mechanism for intensity borrowing from intraband transitions, induced by the field of the ground-state dipole moment. © 2008 The American Physical Society

Hydrothermal Activity at Slow-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges: Evidence from Chlorine in Basalt

Hydrothermal activity can be traced by the chlorine (Cl) concentrations of erupted mid-ocean ridge basalts, if their magmas assimilated hydrothermally altered, Cl-rich crust. In contrast to fast-spreading ridges, this process is not observed so far at slow-spreading ridges, due to their intrinsically lower basaltic Cl contents (<200 ppm). This study involves the development of a new, high precise (<2 ppm SD) technique to measure Cl by electron microprobe, which is applied to basaltic glasses and mineral melt-inclusions from the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Red Sea Rift and the Gakkel Ridge (all <3.5 cm/yr). Addition of hydrothermal Cl is determined by comparing Cl with major and trace element concentrations. Chemical thermobarometry is used to obtain depth information on hydrothermal circulation. Cl data is compared to geological settings (e.g. hydrothermal sites, volcanoes, faults) to examine their relationships and to assess basaltic Cl as prospection tool for hydrothermal vents