Adaptibility Corn Hybrids in Different Mega-environments

Tijekom 2010. i 2011. godine testirana su 22 hibrida kukuruza na 2 lokacije u Hrvatskoj i na 4 lokacije (sa 2 roka sjetve) u Turskoj. Pokusi su bili posijani u 2 ponavljanja, po sluĉajnom bloknom rasporedu. Analizom varijance ustanovljeni su izvori variranja. Dvofaktorijelnom i trofaktorijelnom ANOV-om kao statistiĉki znaĉajan izvor variranja potvrĊeni su i okoline i hibridi. Interakcija hibrida i okoline (GxE), bila je statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna, osim u jednom sluĉaju. Statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna interakcija bila je i izmeĊu okolina i godina (ExY). Kod interakcija hibrida i okolina (GxL), kao i kod interakcije hibrid x godina (GxY) nije ostvarena statistiĉka znaĉajnost, dok je interakcija hibrida, okolina i godina (GxLxY) bila statistiĉki znaĉajna uz P<0,05. Procjenjena su 2 parametra stabilnosti – koeficijent regresije i varijanca odstupanja od regresije, za hibride i okoline. Isto tako, Pattern analizom napravljeno je grupiranje hibrida i okolina. Pet hibrida (pod brojevima 2, 3, 17, 21 i 22) primjenom obje metode svrstani su u skupinu visoko prinosnih hibrida, sa meĊusobno vrlo sliĉnim reakcijama po pitanju prinosa, kroz godine i okoline. Stoga moţemo reći da su korištenjem parametara stabilnosti i Pattern analizom, kod grupiranja hibrida, dobiveni praktiĉno vrlo sliĉni rezultati. Prema parametrima stabilnosti jedina stabilna okolina koju moţemo izdvojiti je Adana, u 2. sjetvi, u obje godine. Najveći broj okolina ne moţemo jednostavno svrstati u neku od skupina, zbog neujednaĉenih vrijednosti ova dva parametra. Grupiranje okolina pokazuje nam postojanje 2 megaokoline. To su Hrvatska i Turska – generalno, bez obzira na rok sjetve. Kada bi interpretirali rezultate godinu po godinu, za pojedine podregije (posebno za Hrvatsku zbog dvije klimatski potpuno razliĉite godine u istraţivanju), ovo svrstavanje u megaokoline ne bi bilo tako jasno. To nam govori da kod prouĉavanja i identificiranja megaokolina trebamo podatke iz što većeg broja godina. Zbog podudarnosti i ponovljivosti dobijenih rezultata sa pojedinih lokacija u Turskoj (iz 1. i 2. sjetve), moguće je na pojedinim lokacijama ne sijati ponovo hibride u 2. sjetvi već u testiranje uvesti i dodatne lokacije, bez povećanja financijskih troškova. Ovi rezultati sa stanovišta praktiĉnog oplemenjivanje znaĉajni su nam jer nam otkrivaju kako adaptabilnost hibrida kukuruza za zemljopisno bliţe regije, tako i za regije koje su meĊusobno vrlo udaljene i prostorno diskontinuirane, kao što su Hrvatska i Turska.Total of 22 maize hybrids were tested in 2010 and 2011 at two locations in Croatia and four locations (with two different planting times) in Turkey. Trials were set in two replications with randomized complete block design. Sources of variation were determined with analysis of variance. Combined (two-way and three way factorial) ANOVA showed environments and genotypes as statistically significant sources of variation. Genotype and environment interaction (G×E) was statistically very significant, except at one occasion. Combination of locations and years (L×Y) showed statistically very significant interaction, interactions between genotypes and locations (G×L) and between genotypes and years (G×Y) were not statistically significant, while interaction between genotypes, locations and years (G×L×Y) showed statistical significance at P<0.05 probability level. Two stability parameters (regression coefficient and regression deviation variance) were estimated for hybrids and locations. Also, Pattern analysis was used for grouping hybrids and environments. Using both stability and Pattern analysis five hybrids (denominated as 2, 3, 17, 21, 22) were grouped in high yielding hybrids, with very similar yield performance across years and locations. Therefore, in order to group hybrids very similar results were obtained by using stability parameters and Pattern analysis. Stability parameters point out only one stable location – Adana, second planting, in both years. Largest number of locations cannot be simply put into groups due to uneven values of stability parameters. Grouping of environments showed two mega-environments (Croatia and Turkey in general, regardless of the planting time). Grouping in mega-environments would not be so transparent (especially for Croatia with two completely different research years in terms of weather conditions), if the results were interpreted year by year for certain sub-regions. That information emphasizes the need for multiple year data in research and identification of mega-environments. Due to compatible and repeatable data from certain locations in Turkey (from first and second planting), it is possible to avoid second planting of the same hybrids at some locations and instead test more locations without cost increase. From practical breeding perspective results from this thesis are important for adaptability assessment of maize hybrids, especially for geographically distant regions, such as Croatia and Turkey

THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION MEDIA AND TEMPERATURE ON Sclerotinia sclerotiorum DEVELOPMENT

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj hranjive podloge (krumpir dekstrozni agar (PDA), podloga od mrkve) i temperature (15, 22 i 30ºC) na rast i razvoj micelija i formiranje sklerocija gljive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Istraživanje je provedeno u laboratorijskim uvjetima 2013. godine. Statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno je da podloga i temperatura značajno utječu na porast micelija i formiranje sklerocija. Utvrđen je statistički značajno bolji razvoj micelija na PDA podlozi te na temperaturama 15 i 20ºC, nego na drugom ispitivanom supstratu i temperaturi 30ºC. Sklerociji su se, također, formirali samo na PDA podlozi i na dvije niže temperature. Sklerociji formirani na 15ºC bili su veći od sklerocija formiranih na 20ºC.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nutrition media (PDA, carrot agar) and temperature (15, 22 and 30ºC) on growth and mycelium development As well as sclerotium formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The experiment was set up under laboratory conditions in year 2013. Statistical analysis showed that nutrition media and temperature had significant influence on mycelim development and formation on sclerotia. Mycelial growth was significantly higher on PDA and at 15 and 20ºC. Sclerotia are formed only on PDA and the two lower temperatures. Sclerotia formed at 15ºC were bigger than sclerotia formed at 20ºC

Adaptibility Corn Hybrids in Different Mega-environments

Tijekom 2010. i 2011. godine testirana su 22 hibrida kukuruza na 2 lokacije u Hrvatskoj i na 4 lokacije (sa 2 roka sjetve) u Turskoj. Pokusi su bili posijani u 2 ponavljanja, po sluĉajnom bloknom rasporedu. Analizom varijance ustanovljeni su izvori variranja. Dvofaktorijelnom i trofaktorijelnom ANOV-om kao statistiĉki znaĉajan izvor variranja potvrĊeni su i okoline i hibridi. Interakcija hibrida i okoline (GxE), bila je statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna, osim u jednom sluĉaju. Statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna interakcija bila je i izmeĊu okolina i godina (ExY). Kod interakcija hibrida i okolina (GxL), kao i kod interakcije hibrid x godina (GxY) nije ostvarena statistiĉka znaĉajnost, dok je interakcija hibrida, okolina i godina (GxLxY) bila statistiĉki znaĉajna uz P<0,05. Procjenjena su 2 parametra stabilnosti – koeficijent regresije i varijanca odstupanja od regresije, za hibride i okoline. Isto tako, Pattern analizom napravljeno je grupiranje hibrida i okolina. Pet hibrida (pod brojevima 2, 3, 17, 21 i 22) primjenom obje metode svrstani su u skupinu visoko prinosnih hibrida, sa meĊusobno vrlo sliĉnim reakcijama po pitanju prinosa, kroz godine i okoline. Stoga moţemo reći da su korištenjem parametara stabilnosti i Pattern analizom, kod grupiranja hibrida, dobiveni praktiĉno vrlo sliĉni rezultati. Prema parametrima stabilnosti jedina stabilna okolina koju moţemo izdvojiti je Adana, u 2. sjetvi, u obje godine. Najveći broj okolina ne moţemo jednostavno svrstati u neku od skupina, zbog neujednaĉenih vrijednosti ova dva parametra. Grupiranje okolina pokazuje nam postojanje 2 megaokoline. To su Hrvatska i Turska – generalno, bez obzira na rok sjetve. Kada bi interpretirali rezultate godinu po godinu, za pojedine podregije (posebno za Hrvatsku zbog dvije klimatski potpuno razliĉite godine u istraţivanju), ovo svrstavanje u megaokoline ne bi bilo tako jasno. To nam govori da kod prouĉavanja i identificiranja megaokolina trebamo podatke iz što većeg broja godina. Zbog podudarnosti i ponovljivosti dobijenih rezultata sa pojedinih lokacija u Turskoj (iz 1. i 2. sjetve), moguće je na pojedinim lokacijama ne sijati ponovo hibride u 2. sjetvi već u testiranje uvesti i dodatne lokacije, bez povećanja financijskih troškova. Ovi rezultati sa stanovišta praktiĉnog oplemenjivanje znaĉajni su nam jer nam otkrivaju kako adaptabilnost hibrida kukuruza za zemljopisno bliţe regije, tako i za regije koje su meĊusobno vrlo udaljene i prostorno diskontinuirane, kao što su Hrvatska i Turska.Total of 22 maize hybrids were tested in 2010 and 2011 at two locations in Croatia and four locations (with two different planting times) in Turkey. Trials were set in two replications with randomized complete block design. Sources of variation were determined with analysis of variance. Combined (two-way and three way factorial) ANOVA showed environments and genotypes as statistically significant sources of variation. Genotype and environment interaction (G×E) was statistically very significant, except at one occasion. Combination of locations and years (L×Y) showed statistically very significant interaction, interactions between genotypes and locations (G×L) and between genotypes and years (G×Y) were not statistically significant, while interaction between genotypes, locations and years (G×L×Y) showed statistical significance at P<0.05 probability level. Two stability parameters (regression coefficient and regression deviation variance) were estimated for hybrids and locations. Also, Pattern analysis was used for grouping hybrids and environments. Using both stability and Pattern analysis five hybrids (denominated as 2, 3, 17, 21, 22) were grouped in high yielding hybrids, with very similar yield performance across years and locations. Therefore, in order to group hybrids very similar results were obtained by using stability parameters and Pattern analysis. Stability parameters point out only one stable location – Adana, second planting, in both years. Largest number of locations cannot be simply put into groups due to uneven values of stability parameters. Grouping of environments showed two mega-environments (Croatia and Turkey in general, regardless of the planting time). Grouping in mega-environments would not be so transparent (especially for Croatia with two completely different research years in terms of weather conditions), if the results were interpreted year by year for certain sub-regions. That information emphasizes the need for multiple year data in research and identification of mega-environments. Due to compatible and repeatable data from certain locations in Turkey (from first and second planting), it is possible to avoid second planting of the same hybrids at some locations and instead test more locations without cost increase. From practical breeding perspective results from this thesis are important for adaptability assessment of maize hybrids, especially for geographically distant regions, such as Croatia and Turkey

Adaptibility Corn Hybrids in Different Mega-environments

Tijekom 2010. i 2011. godine testirana su 22 hibrida kukuruza na 2 lokacije u Hrvatskoj i na 4 lokacije (sa 2 roka sjetve) u Turskoj. Pokusi su bili posijani u 2 ponavljanja, po sluĉajnom bloknom rasporedu. Analizom varijance ustanovljeni su izvori variranja. Dvofaktorijelnom i trofaktorijelnom ANOV-om kao statistiĉki znaĉajan izvor variranja potvrĊeni su i okoline i hibridi. Interakcija hibrida i okoline (GxE), bila je statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna, osim u jednom sluĉaju. Statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna interakcija bila je i izmeĊu okolina i godina (ExY). Kod interakcija hibrida i okolina (GxL), kao i kod interakcije hibrid x godina (GxY) nije ostvarena statistiĉka znaĉajnost, dok je interakcija hibrida, okolina i godina (GxLxY) bila statistiĉki znaĉajna uz P<0,05. Procjenjena su 2 parametra stabilnosti – koeficijent regresije i varijanca odstupanja od regresije, za hibride i okoline. Isto tako, Pattern analizom napravljeno je grupiranje hibrida i okolina. Pet hibrida (pod brojevima 2, 3, 17, 21 i 22) primjenom obje metode svrstani su u skupinu visoko prinosnih hibrida, sa meĊusobno vrlo sliĉnim reakcijama po pitanju prinosa, kroz godine i okoline. Stoga moţemo reći da su korištenjem parametara stabilnosti i Pattern analizom, kod grupiranja hibrida, dobiveni praktiĉno vrlo sliĉni rezultati. Prema parametrima stabilnosti jedina stabilna okolina koju moţemo izdvojiti je Adana, u 2. sjetvi, u obje godine. Najveći broj okolina ne moţemo jednostavno svrstati u neku od skupina, zbog neujednaĉenih vrijednosti ova dva parametra. Grupiranje okolina pokazuje nam postojanje 2 megaokoline. To su Hrvatska i Turska – generalno, bez obzira na rok sjetve. Kada bi interpretirali rezultate godinu po godinu, za pojedine podregije (posebno za Hrvatsku zbog dvije klimatski potpuno razliĉite godine u istraţivanju), ovo svrstavanje u megaokoline ne bi bilo tako jasno. To nam govori da kod prouĉavanja i identificiranja megaokolina trebamo podatke iz što većeg broja godina. Zbog podudarnosti i ponovljivosti dobijenih rezultata sa pojedinih lokacija u Turskoj (iz 1. i 2. sjetve), moguće je na pojedinim lokacijama ne sijati ponovo hibride u 2. sjetvi već u testiranje uvesti i dodatne lokacije, bez povećanja financijskih troškova. Ovi rezultati sa stanovišta praktiĉnog oplemenjivanje znaĉajni su nam jer nam otkrivaju kako adaptabilnost hibrida kukuruza za zemljopisno bliţe regije, tako i za regije koje su meĊusobno vrlo udaljene i prostorno diskontinuirane, kao što su Hrvatska i Turska.Total of 22 maize hybrids were tested in 2010 and 2011 at two locations in Croatia and four locations (with two different planting times) in Turkey. Trials were set in two replications with randomized complete block design. Sources of variation were determined with analysis of variance. Combined (two-way and three way factorial) ANOVA showed environments and genotypes as statistically significant sources of variation. Genotype and environment interaction (G×E) was statistically very significant, except at one occasion. Combination of locations and years (L×Y) showed statistically very significant interaction, interactions between genotypes and locations (G×L) and between genotypes and years (G×Y) were not statistically significant, while interaction between genotypes, locations and years (G×L×Y) showed statistical significance at P<0.05 probability level. Two stability parameters (regression coefficient and regression deviation variance) were estimated for hybrids and locations. Also, Pattern analysis was used for grouping hybrids and environments. Using both stability and Pattern analysis five hybrids (denominated as 2, 3, 17, 21, 22) were grouped in high yielding hybrids, with very similar yield performance across years and locations. Therefore, in order to group hybrids very similar results were obtained by using stability parameters and Pattern analysis. Stability parameters point out only one stable location – Adana, second planting, in both years. Largest number of locations cannot be simply put into groups due to uneven values of stability parameters. Grouping of environments showed two mega-environments (Croatia and Turkey in general, regardless of the planting time). Grouping in mega-environments would not be so transparent (especially for Croatia with two completely different research years in terms of weather conditions), if the results were interpreted year by year for certain sub-regions. That information emphasizes the need for multiple year data in research and identification of mega-environments. Due to compatible and repeatable data from certain locations in Turkey (from first and second planting), it is possible to avoid second planting of the same hybrids at some locations and instead test more locations without cost increase. From practical breeding perspective results from this thesis are important for adaptability assessment of maize hybrids, especially for geographically distant regions, such as Croatia and Turkey

Wheat leaf diseases – symptoms and epidemiology

Bolesti lista pšenice javljaju se svake godine diljem svijeta uzrokujući smanjenje količine i kakvoće uroda. Intenzitet pojave i utjecaj na prinos ovise o velikom broju čimbenika uključujući i vremenske prilike, agrotehničke mjere, osjetljivost sorata i patogenost uzročnika bolesti. U radu su opisani simptomi i epidemiologija najznačajnijih uzročnika bolesti lista pšenice u Hrvatskoj.Wheat leaf diseases occur every year all over the world and decrease yield quantity and quality. Occurrence and economical importance of diseases depend on many factors including climatic conditions, cultural practice, sensitivity of wheat genotype and pathogenicity of inoculum. In this paper authors describe symptoms and epidemiology of the most important wheat leaf pathogens in Croatia

Reasons of epiphytotics of wheat yellow rust in 2014 in Slavonia and Baranja

Žuta ili crtičava hrđa (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) u mnogim je uzgojnim područjima pšenice destruktivna bolest. Pojavi bolesti u izrazito jakom intenzitetu tijekom prošle vegetacije pogodovali su: vrlo blaga zima, sjetva osjetljivih kultivara, stvaranje i širenje rasa gljive koje su jako agresivne i patogene (potvrđena prisutnost izrazito agresivne Warrior rase u Hrvatskoj u 2014. godini) i neadekvatna zaštita fungicidima.Yellow rust is extremely destructive disease in many wheat growing regions. In Croatia the disease occured sporadically untill 2014. The reasons for the appearance of the disease in a strong intensity during the last growing season are: a very mild winter, sowing sensitive cultivars, spread of aggressive and pathogenic fungus races (the highly aggressive Warrior race was confirmed in 2014 in Croatia) and inadequate fungicide applications

49. HRVATSKI I 9. MEĐUNARODNI SIMPOZIJ AGRONOMA: zbornik radova

Sadržaj: Plenarna izlaganja, Agroekologija, ekološka poljoprivreda i zaštita okoliša, Agroekonomika i ruralna sociologija, Genetika, oplemenjivanje bilja i sjemenarstvo, Povrćarstvo, ukrasno, aromatično i ljekovito bilje, Ratarstvo, Ribarstvo, lovstvo i pčelarstvo, Stočarstvo, Voćarstvo, vinogradarstvo i vinarstv