Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Faculty of Agrobiotechical Sciences Osijek. DEPARTMENT FOR PLANT PRODUCTION.
Abstract
Tijekom 2010. i 2011. godine testirana su 22 hibrida kukuruza na 2 lokacije u Hrvatskoj i na 4 lokacije (sa 2 roka sjetve) u Turskoj. Pokusi su bili posijani u 2 ponavljanja, po sluĉajnom bloknom rasporedu. Analizom varijance ustanovljeni su izvori variranja. Dvofaktorijelnom i trofaktorijelnom ANOV-om kao statistiĉki znaĉajan izvor variranja potvrĊeni su i okoline i hibridi. Interakcija hibrida i okoline (GxE), bila je statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna, osim u jednom sluĉaju. Statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajna interakcija bila je i izmeĊu okolina i godina (ExY). Kod interakcija hibrida i okolina (GxL), kao i kod interakcije hibrid x godina (GxY) nije ostvarena statistiĉka znaĉajnost, dok je interakcija hibrida, okolina i godina (GxLxY) bila statistiĉki znaĉajna uz P<0,05. Procjenjena su 2 parametra stabilnosti – koeficijent regresije i varijanca odstupanja od regresije, za hibride i okoline. Isto tako, Pattern analizom napravljeno je grupiranje hibrida i okolina. Pet hibrida (pod brojevima 2, 3, 17, 21 i 22) primjenom obje metode svrstani su u skupinu visoko prinosnih hibrida, sa meĊusobno vrlo sliĉnim reakcijama po pitanju prinosa, kroz godine i okoline. Stoga moţemo reći da su korištenjem parametara stabilnosti i Pattern analizom, kod grupiranja hibrida, dobiveni praktiĉno vrlo sliĉni rezultati. Prema parametrima stabilnosti jedina stabilna okolina koju moţemo izdvojiti je Adana, u 2. sjetvi, u obje godine. Najveći broj okolina ne moţemo jednostavno svrstati u neku od skupina, zbog neujednaĉenih vrijednosti ova dva parametra. Grupiranje okolina pokazuje nam postojanje 2 megaokoline. To su Hrvatska i Turska – generalno, bez obzira na rok sjetve. Kada bi interpretirali rezultate godinu po godinu, za pojedine podregije (posebno za Hrvatsku zbog dvije klimatski potpuno razliĉite godine u istraţivanju), ovo svrstavanje u megaokoline ne bi bilo tako jasno. To nam govori da kod prouĉavanja i identificiranja megaokolina trebamo podatke iz što većeg broja godina. Zbog podudarnosti i ponovljivosti dobijenih rezultata sa pojedinih lokacija u Turskoj (iz 1. i 2. sjetve), moguće je na pojedinim lokacijama ne sijati ponovo hibride u 2. sjetvi već u testiranje uvesti i dodatne lokacije, bez povećanja financijskih troškova. Ovi rezultati sa stanovišta praktiĉnog oplemenjivanje znaĉajni su nam jer nam otkrivaju kako adaptabilnost hibrida kukuruza za zemljopisno bliţe regije, tako i za regije koje su meĊusobno vrlo udaljene i prostorno diskontinuirane, kao što su Hrvatska i Turska.Total of 22 maize hybrids were tested in 2010 and 2011 at two locations in Croatia and four locations (with two different planting times) in Turkey. Trials were set in two replications with randomized complete block design. Sources of variation were determined with analysis of variance. Combined (two-way and three way factorial) ANOVA showed environments and genotypes as statistically significant sources of variation. Genotype and environment interaction (G×E) was statistically very significant, except at one occasion. Combination of locations and years (L×Y) showed statistically very significant interaction, interactions between genotypes and locations (G×L) and between genotypes and years (G×Y) were not statistically significant, while interaction between genotypes, locations and years (G×L×Y) showed statistical significance at P<0.05 probability level. Two stability parameters (regression coefficient and regression deviation variance) were estimated for hybrids and locations. Also, Pattern analysis was used for grouping hybrids and environments. Using both stability and Pattern analysis five hybrids (denominated as 2, 3, 17, 21, 22) were grouped in high yielding hybrids, with very similar yield performance across years and locations. Therefore, in order to group hybrids very similar results were obtained by using stability parameters and Pattern analysis. Stability parameters point out only one stable location – Adana, second planting, in both years. Largest number of locations cannot be simply put into groups due to uneven values of stability parameters. Grouping of environments showed two mega-environments (Croatia and Turkey in general, regardless of the planting time). Grouping in mega-environments would not be so transparent (especially for Croatia with two completely different research years in terms of weather conditions), if the results were interpreted year by year for certain sub-regions. That information emphasizes the need for multiple year data in research and identification of mega-environments. Due to compatible and repeatable data from certain locations in Turkey (from first and second planting), it is possible to avoid second planting of the same hybrids at some locations and instead test more locations without cost increase. From practical breeding perspective results from this thesis are important for adaptability assessment of maize hybrids, especially for geographically distant regions, such as Croatia and Turkey
