Methodological approaches to assessing economic security in foreign trade

Economic security of foreign trade can be measured through a set of different special indicators with no standardised composition and regulations. The purpose of the study is to analyse the existing methods for assessing the level of economic security in the sphere of foreign trade and to develop an optimal system of indicators for its identification. The research involved scientific publications by national and foreign scholars, official statistical data in the field of Russian export and import as well as the following methods – monography, observation, comparison, economic analysis, analogue and hypothetical modelling. The article assesses various indicators for assessing economic security in foreign trade, applied in Russia and abroad. The authors identified the most informative indicators, proposed a number of threshold requirements for them; included two additional indicators (increment rate of counterfeit goods, share of counterfeit goods in imports), developed a rating-based approach to identify high, average, low, critical and catastrophic levels of economic security in the sphere of export/import operations. Foreign trade is an important activity for any state; however, it involves a number of risks and threats to be carefully assessed and minimised. Therefore, it is necessary to select efficient ways of assessing economic security in foreign trade transactions

Magnetoresistance Features at the Magnetic Field-Induced Phase Transition in FeRh Thin Films

The causes of the appearance of first-order magnetic phase transitions remain a mystery. FeRh alloy is a classical material where a first-order magnetic phase transition occurs. The authors of this article studied the phase transition from the antiferromagnetic state to the ferromagnetic state in FeRh alloy. Comparison of the magnetometry and transport properties results allowed us to determine a number of differences in the mechanisms of the phase evolution during magnetic field and temperature induced transition. This article notes the priority of the rearrangement of the micromagnetic structure of the ferromagnetic phase as a result of the induction of a phase transition by a magnetic field. The main feature of the magnetic field induced phase transition compared to the temperature induced one is the change in the micromagnetic structure of the ferromagnetic phase. The growth of a ferromagnetic phase with less scattering fields leads to asymmetric behavior when a phase transition is induced near the metastable state. We also focused on the importance of taking into account the effect of magnetostriction when analyzing the evolution of the phase transition, which leads to the irreversibility of the phase transition near a zero magnetic field

Enhanced Training of Creative Specialists Based on the Advanced Education System Implementation

The paper analyzes the topical issue concerning training of creative specialists in the professional training system. The concept of advanced education, which allows to provide such new properties and qualities as portability, adaptability, continuity, innovativeness, creativity is considered as key in professional education restructuring. The paper covers a number of existing modern researches in the field of advanced education, offers the author's solution for the introduction of such system as "training for the future", for the "advanced" professional model construction, the implementation of advanced education courses. According to the concept of advanced education courses, the concept of advanced training courses for students (ATC), which focus on finishing the present professional training model constructing by adding the future professional competence, is introduced, thus, allowing to increase future specialists' competitiveness, to form full readiness to the chosen professional profile realization. The paper considers the role of supplementary education as the most important structure of the advanced professional training concept realization as an additional stimulant for the change of management and educational policy of professional education institutions towards well-defined restructuring strategies, the need for the professional training track reconsideration, the educational process quality change. Keywords: education, creative specialist, advanced education, advanced education courses JEL Classifications: P46, P5

Dynamic magnetic response of a ferrofluid in a static uniform magnetic field

A theory for the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility of a ferrofluid in a static uniform magnetic field is developed, including the dipolar interactions between the constituent particles. Interactions are included within the framework of modified mean-field theory. Predictions are given for the linear responses of the magnetization to a probing ac field both parallel and perpendicular to the static field and are tested against results from Brownian dynamics simulations. The effects of the particle concentration and dipolar coupling constant on the field-dependent static susceptibilities and the frequency dispersions are shown to be substantial, which justifies taking proper account of the interactions between particles. The theory is reliable provided that the volume concentration and dipolar coupling constant are not too large and within the range of values for real ferrofluids. © 2018 American Physical Society

Virus-inhibitory activity of the antigen complex of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria against SARS-CoV-2

Introduction. The antigen complex of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (ACOPB) has a protective effect against avian influenza viruses, herpes virus type 2, and other viruses that cause acute respiratory viral infections. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an important task is to find out whether ACOPB has a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of the study was to evaluate in vitro the ACOPB virus-inhibitory activity against the Dubrovka laboratory strain of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods. The study was performed using Vero cell line CCL-81, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies structurally mimicking biological effects of human interferons (IFNs), the Dubrovka laboratory strain of SARS-CoV-2. The infectivity of the virus was assessed by two methods: by virus titration using cell cultures and the limiting dilution method when the results are assessed by a cytopathic effect; the second method was a plaque assay. The in vitro virus inhibition test was performed using the cell culture susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; the mixture containing a specific dose of the virus and a two-fold dilution of ACOPB was transferred to the cell culture after the ACOPB medication had interacted with the virus at 4C for 2 hours. The ACOPB virus-inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by the functional activity of / and IFN receptors (RIFN) in human PBMCs induced in vitro by ACOPB and the ACOPB mixture with the specific dose of SARS-CoV-2. The RIFN expression level was measured by the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. Results. Hemagglutination assay using chicken, mouse, guinea pig, and human red blood cells was performed for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory protein. The lysate of Vero CCL-81 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka demonstrated the highest hemagglutination activity with guinea pig red blood cells and low titers of hemagglutination in the virus-containing fluid. The virus inhibition test in the Vero CCL-81 cell culture demonstrated that ACOPB inhibited 10 doses of SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka with the titer 1 : 32, providing 100% protection of the cell culture for 8 days (the monitoring period). ACOPB induced / and RIFN expression on membranes of human PBMCs in in vitro cultures and decreased RIFN / and expression after its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka. Conclusion. The experimental studies including the virus inhibition test in the cell culture susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka and the indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay using monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking IFN-like properties demonstrated that ACOPB had both an immunomodulatory and a virus-inhibitory effect

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

Areas of application of the design approach: the practice of social environmental design in the mirror of sociological research

The article discusses the project approach, substantiates the practicality and universality of its application in various areas of management practice. The data of the sociological studies carried out by the authors of the features of participatory (involved) design in the educational environment of a general education institution, the urban environment of closed administrative-territorial entities. The possibility of applying the design approach and the concept of participatory (involved) design in various environments is analyzed: intra-organizational, local society. Research methodology: activity approach, systems approach, project approach, guide interviews of experts, mass survey. Results and conclusions: as a result of comparing the data of sociological research, the authors come to the conclusion that the project approach is a flexible tool for identifying and solving various managerial problems of the relationship between subjects and management actors in different environments. Participatory design gives results both at the organizational level (for example, high school) and at the level of urban society (ZATO)

Etnicheskie i regionalnye konflikty v Yevrazii: Conflits ethniques et régionaux en ex-URSS

vol. 3 :Mezhdunarodnyi opyt razresheniya etnicheskikh konfliktovinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe