Kolizní aspekty souběhů nekalosoutěžní a duševně vlastnické ochrany

Článek se zabývá kolizními aspekty případů, v nichž dochází zároveň k nekalosoutěžnímu jednání a k porušení práv duševního vlastnictví, tedy k možnosti souběžné aplikace nekalosoutěžní a duševně vlastnické ochrany. Pozornost je věnována nejprve etapě kvalifikace takových případů, dále jsou analyzovány především články 6 a 8 nařízení Řím II a rozsah a způsob jejich aplikace v dotčených případech. Zohledněna je v této souvislosti rovněž relevantní úprava pravidla země původu obsažená ve směrnici 2000/31/ES o elektronickém obchodu. Problematika je ilustrována na příkladu možné odpovědnosti poskytovatelů služeb informační společnosti za zásah do práv duševního vlastnictví či za nekalosoutěžní jednání a s tím související judikatuře Nejvyššího soudu

Means of Musical Dialogues and Reciprocity: Improvisational Music Therapy for Social Interaction of a Preschool Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study investigates improvisational music therapy (IMT) and its influence on the social interaction (SI) of a preschool child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Czech Republic. This case study tests the use of music therapy as an augmentative intervention for children with ASD. Using a qualitative design and incorporating microanalysis, the aim was to apply methodological protocols of direct and indirect observation on individual IMT sessions. Three SI domains were assessed using microanalysis in this single case study research: a) nonverbal communication, b) sharing, and c) solace. Varied musical features elicited certain intentional behaviors, allowing the interpretation of their meanings. The nonverbal communication studied shows intention to relate, self-awareness, awareness of others, and sharing. The IMT context provides a unique space for dialogues and reciprocity in a protected and settled environment. Children’s improved SI can provide insight into their ability to interact with others. IMT presents promising care for children with ASD, extending comprehensive care by including dimensions of individualization and an intrinsic, non-directive approach, allowing the child to acquire and further develop their own ways of expression for the regulation of SI. Ideas around the quality of SI within IMT need to be further investigated

Prognostic influence of internal mammary node drainage in patients with early-stage breast cancer

Background: The management of internal mammary nodes (IMNs) during multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer has been debated for the last four decades without unequivocal conclusion. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at our center from 2008 until 2012. IMN drainage was assessed as a potential risk factor for local and distant disease recurrence. Results: We identified 712 patients, with incidence of drainage to IMNs of 18.4%. No detrimental effect of the pattern of drainage to IMNs was found after a median follow-up of 58 months. A similar outcome was observed when drainage to IMNs was evaluated as a risk factor for patient survival. The potential risk factors for drainage to IMNs during sentinel lymph node biopsy were younger age (p=0.002) and tumor location in lower-outer, lower-inner, and upper-inner versus upper-outer quadrant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The drainage to IMNs is unlikely to have a detrimental effect on patient outcome.[LO1304