Adaptorové domény signálních proteinů: analýza fosforylačních míst a role v mechanorecepci

P130Cas (Crk-associated substrate, CAS) je důležitým adaptorovým proteinem v integrínové signalizaci, který pozitivně ovlivňuje motilitu, invazivitu, proliferaci a přežívání buněk. CAS postrádá enzymatickou funkci, ale po vazbě jiných signálních proteinu může dojít ke změně fosforylace substrátové domény CAS, což je hlavní způsob, jakým se CAS účastní regulace signálních mechanismů v buňce. Ve fokálních adhezích dochází k lokálnímu pnutí, což vede k natažení substrátové domény, zpřístupnění fosforylačních míst pro kinázy a následně ke zvýšené fosforylaci substrátové domény. Na N-konci je CAS ve fokálních adhezích ukotven pravděpodobně interakcí SH3 domény CAS s kinázou FAK, avšak o ukotvení C-koncové části proteinu CAS není zatím nic známo. Cílem mého projektu je zjistit, jaké proteiny se podílejí na ukotvení proteinu CAS do fokálních adhezí. Objasnění způsobu ukotvení proteinu CAS do fokálních adhezí přispěje k pochopení mechanorecepční funkce proteinu CAS. Experimentální data poukazují na to, že tyrosinová fosforylace SH3 domény proteinu CAS ovlivňují její vazebné vlastnosti. Druhým cílem mého projektu bylo bioinformaticky analyzovat význam tyrosinové fosforylace SH3 domény a jiných adaptorových domén.P130Cas (Crk-associated substrate, CAS) is a multiadaptor protein important in integrin signalling where it positively regulates cell motility, invasion, proliferation and survival. CAS lacks enzymatic activity, but its binding to other signalling proteins could lead to the change of phosphorylation status of its substrate domain, which is the main mode, through which CAS takes part in regulating cell behavior. Local tensions in focal adhesions lead to an extension of CAS substrate domain, leaving phosphorylation sites more accessible for kinases, which subsequently leads to an increased CAS substrate domain phosphorylation. The CAS anchorage in focal adhesions is mediated by its SH3 domain, probably through the interactions with FAK, and also by C-terminal domain, where interaction partners are not known. The aim of my project is to find out, which proteins mediate the CAS anchorage to the focal adhesions. The elucidation of CAS anchorage to focal adhesions will contribute to the understanding of mechanosensory function of CAS. Experimental data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of the CAS SH3 domain plays an important role in the regulation of its binding properties. Another goal of my diploma project was to analyze the significance of tyrosine phosphorylation within SH3 domain and other...Katedra buněčné biologieDepartment of Cell BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

SH3 Domain Tyrosine Phosphorylation – Sites, Role and Evolution

Background: SH3 domains are eukaryotic protein domains that participate in a plethora of cellular processes including signal transduction, proliferation, and cellular movement. Several studies indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation could play a significant role in the regulation of SH3 domains. Results: To explore the incidence of the tyrosine phosphorylation within SH3 domains we queried the PhosphoSite Plus database of phosphorylation sites. Over 100 tyrosine phosphorylations occurring on 20 different SH3 domain positions were identified. The tyrosine corresponding to c–Src Tyr-90 was by far the most frequently identified SH3 domain phosphorylation site. A comparison of sequences around this tyrosine led to delineation of a preferred sequence motif ALYD(Y/F). This motif is present in about 15 % of human SH3 domains and is structurally well conserved. We further observed that tyrosine phosphorylation is more abundant than serine or threonine phosphorylation within SH3 domains and other adaptor domains, such as SH2 or WW domains. Tyrosine phosphorylation could represent an important regulatory mechanism of adaptor domains. Conclusions: While tyrosine phosphorylation typically promotes signaling protein interactions via SH2 or PTB domains, its role in SH3 domains is the opposite- it blocks or prevents interactions. The regulatory function of tyrosine phosphorylation is most likely achieved by the phosphate moiety and its charge interfering with binding of polyproline helices of SH3 domain interacting partners

Porovnání vlivu fosforylace tyrosinů SH3 domén na vazbu jejich interakčníh partnerů

Pochopenie vplyvu fosforylácie na funkčnosť proteínu je veľmi dôležité z hľadiska formovania dynamických biologických procesov akými sú napr. umlčovanie génov, bunkový rast, diferenciácia alebo apoptóza. Táto práca sa zaoberá fosforyláciou proteín-interakčného modulu známeho ako SH3 doména a vplyvom fosforylácie na väzbovosť jej ligandov. SH3 doména je súčasťou veľkého množstva enzýmov zúčastňujúcich sa priamo signálnej transdukcie ako aj adaptorových proteínov bez enzymatickej aktivity. Mnohé štúdie poukazujú na dôležitosť tyrozínových miest SH3 domény v regulačných mechanizmoch proteínov či už použitím nefosforylovateľných a fosfomimikujúcich mutantov alebo dôkazom in vivo fosforylácie. Práca zahŕňa aj bioinformatickú analýzu, ktorá rozširuje spektrum známych fosforylovaných SH3 domén a potvrdzuje konzervovanosť fosforylácie tyrozínových miest proteínov v SH3 doméne.Understanding the impact of protein phosphorylation is very important for the formation of dynamic biological processes such as gene silencing, cell growth, differentiation or apoptosis. This work deals with the phosphorylation of a protein-interaction module known as SH3 domain and the influence of phosphorylation on its ligand-binding capacity. SH3 domain is a part of a large number of enzymes directly involved in signal transduction as well as adapter proteins without enzymatic activity. Many studies have shown the importance of tyrosine sites within SH3 domain in regulatory mechanisms of proteins by using either mutants that cannot be phosphorylated, mutants mimicking the negative charges created by phosphorylation or by evidence of in vivo phosphorylation. The work also includes bioinformatic analysis, which further expand our knowledge of SH3 phosphorylated proteins and confirms that phosphorylation of the tyrosine sites is conserved among proteins containing the SH3 domain.Katedra buněčné biologieDepartment of Cell BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

A comparison of SH3 domains' tyrosine phosporylation influence on their binding capacity

Understanding the impact of protein phosphorylation is very important for the formation of dynamic biological processes such as gene silencing, cell growth, differentiation or apoptosis. This work deals with the phosphorylation of a protein-interaction module known as SH3 domain and the influence of phosphorylation on its ligand-binding capacity. SH3 domain is a part of a large number of enzymes directly involved in signal transduction as well as adapter proteins without enzymatic activity. Many studies have shown the importance of tyrosine sites within SH3 domain in regulatory mechanisms of proteins by using either mutants that cannot be phosphorylated, mutants mimicking the negative charges created by phosphorylation or by evidence of in vivo phosphorylation. The work also includes bioinformatic analysis, which further expand our knowledge of SH3 phosphorylated proteins and confirms that phosphorylation of the tyrosine sites is conserved among proteins containing the SH3 domain

Development of microfluidic devices for chemotaxis of primary stem cells

Functional analysis of primary tissue-specific stem cells is hampered by their rarity. Here I developed greatly miniaturized microfluidic devices for the multiplexed, quantitative analysis of the chemotactic properties of primary, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The devices were integrated within a fully customized platform that both increased the viability of stem cells ex vivo and simplified manipulation during multidimensional image acquisition. Since primary stem cells can be isolated only in limited number, I optimized the design for efficient cell trapping from low volume and low concentration cell suspensions. Using nanoliter cell culture volumes and automated microfluidic controls for pulsed medium supply, my platform is able to create stable gradients of chemoattractant secreted from mammalian producer cells within the device, as was visualized by a secreted NeonGreen fluorescent reporter. The design was functionally validated by preferential movement of MSC in serum gradients and by using a CXCL/CXCR ligand/receptor combination in a co-culture design. Stable gradient formation prolonged assay duration and resulted in enhanced response rates for slowly migrating stem cells. Time-lapse video microscopy facilitated determining a number of migratory properties based on single cell analysis. Jackknife-resampling revealed that our assay requires only 120 cells to obtain statistically significant results, enabling new approaches in the research on rare primary stem cells. Compartmentalization of the device not only facilitated such quantitative measurements but will also permit future, high-throughput functional screens

Adaptor domains in signalling proteins: phosphorylation analysis and a role in mechanosensing

P130Cas (Crk-associated substrate, CAS) is a multiadaptor protein important in integrin signalling where it positively regulates cell motility, invasion, proliferation and survival. CAS lacks enzymatic activity, but its binding to other signalling proteins could lead to the change of phosphorylation status of its substrate domain, which is the main mode, through which CAS takes part in regulating cell behavior. Local tensions in focal adhesions lead to an extension of CAS substrate domain, leaving phosphorylation sites more accessible for kinases, which subsequently leads to an increased CAS substrate domain phosphorylation. The CAS anchorage in focal adhesions is mediated by its SH3 domain, probably through the interactions with FAK, and also by C-terminal domain, where interaction partners are not known. The aim of my project is to find out, which proteins mediate the CAS anchorage to the focal adhesions. The elucidation of CAS anchorage to focal adhesions will contribute to the understanding of mechanosensory function of CAS. Experimental data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of the CAS SH3 domain plays an important role in the regulation of its binding properties. Another goal of my diploma project was to analyze the significance of tyrosine phosphorylation within SH3 domain and other..

Adaptor domains in signalling proteins: phosphorylation analysis and a role in mechanosensing

P130Cas (Crk-associated substrate, CAS) is a multiadaptor protein important in integrin signalling where it positively regulates cell motility, invasion, proliferation and survival. CAS lacks enzymatic activity, but its binding to other signalling proteins could lead to the change of phosphorylation status of its substrate domain, which is the main mode, through which CAS takes part in regulating cell behavior. Local tensions in focal adhesions lead to an extension of CAS substrate domain, leaving phosphorylation sites more accessible for kinases, which subsequently leads to an increased CAS substrate domain phosphorylation. The CAS anchorage in focal adhesions is mediated by its SH3 domain, probably through the interactions with FAK, and also by C-terminal domain, where interaction partners are not known. The aim of my project is to find out, which proteins mediate the CAS anchorage to the focal adhesions. The elucidation of CAS anchorage to focal adhesions will contribute to the understanding of mechanosensory function of CAS. Experimental data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of the CAS SH3 domain plays an important role in the regulation of its binding properties. Another goal of my diploma project was to analyze the significance of tyrosine phosphorylation within SH3 domain and other..

Multiple sequence alignment of tyrosine-phosphorylated SH3 domains.

<p>Phosphosite Plus database was searched for tyrosine phosphorylation within SH3 domains. The identified SH3 domains were aligned using ClustalW. Human sequences are shown except those depicted with <b>_m</b>, which come form mouse. All the sequences were obtained using SMART server. Names of proteins according to UniProt database are situated on the left including the domain range if there are more then one SH3 domains within a protein. Alignment is numbered at the top. Phosphorylated tyrosines are highlighted in red. Orthologous and paralogous sequences with identical phosphosites are not included.</p