Enfermedades virales en el cultivo de azafrán del Valle del Jiloca (Teruel)

Proyecto INIA PET 2007-14-C05-0

Problemática de las malas hierbas en el cultivo del azafrán en el valle del Jiloca (Teruel)

Proyecto INIA PET 2007-14-C05-0

Phytosanitary status of saffron crop in Aragón (Spain): insects, mites, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and weeds

El azafrán cultivado en España está adquiriendo relevancia en las últimas décadas como producto de gran calidad, lo que requiere la selección de cormos, sus órganos reproductivos, sanos para la plantación con el objetivo de mantener un adecuado estado fitosanitario del cultivo. Este trabajo presenta un estudio del estado fitosanitario del azafrán en Teruel, donde el cultivo fue muy importante económica y socialmente. Además, este estudio pretende ser de utilidad para las zonas productoras con características agroclimáticas similares. Con dichos objetivos, se prospectaron 10 plantaciones comerciales de azafrán en 6 localidades del valle del Jiloca entre los años 2008 y 2011, estudiando la presencia de insectos, ácaros, nematodos, virus, bacterias y malas hierbas. El ácaro Rhizoglyphus robini, una de las plagas más importantes del azafrán, se detectó en los cormos y en el suelo en una parcela. También el nematodo Aphelenchoides blastophtorus, plaga en plantas ornamentales, se encontró abundantemente en cormos de dos parcelas. Se detectaron infecciones ocasionales de virus del género potyvirus en el cultivo y en la mala hierba Eruca vesicaria. Las malas hierbas Lolium rigidum y Descurainia sophia podrían causar serios problemas de competencia al cultivo y se considera necesario realizar operaciones de escarda en otoño y en invierno. No se detectaron insectos nocivos ni bacterias fitopatógenas. La multiplicación vegetativa del azafrán hace aconsejable realizar muestreos, especialmente en los cormos antes de ser replantados, para detectar la presencia de ácaros, nematodos y virus que podrían ocasionar pérdidas de producción y calidad.In the last decades, saffron produced in Spains is gaining relevance as a high-quality product, which requires the selection of healthy corms, the reproductive organ, for planting in order to maintain adequate phytosanitary status of the crop. In this work, the phytosanitary status of saffron was studied in Teruel (Aragón, Spain), where the crop has economic and social importance. Moreover, it aims to be useful for the production areas with similar agro-climatic characteristics. Ten commercial saffron plantations in six locations of the Jiloca valley have been surveyed between 2008 and 2011 and the presence of insects, mites, nematodes, virus, bacteria and weeds was studied. The mite Rhizoglyphus robini, one of the most important pests of saffron, was detected in both corms and soil in one plantation. The nematode Aphelenchoides blastophtorus, pest in ornamental plants, was also found in corms in two plantations. Potyvirus infections were occasionally detected in both the crop and in the weed Eruca vesicaria. The weeds Lolium rigidum and Descurainia sophia could cause diminutions of the yield by competition, therefore, weeding operations are necessary in autumn and winter. No harmful insects and phytopatogenic bacteria were detected. Because reproduction is only possible through corm propagation, it is advisable to analyse the plants, especially the corms, before being re-planted, in order to detect the presence of mites, nematodes and virus that could reduce yield and quality decreases.Publishe

Phytosanitary problems detected in black truffle cultivation. A review

Aim of study: In black truffle plantations, many factors are driving the emergence of new pests and diseases which in forestry areas go unnoticed. Usually, the incidence of most of them is low. Nevertheless, in specific cases, some of them are capable of causing irreversible damage that could endanger the harvest or even tree survival. Area of study: This paper presents an in-depth study of the pests and diseases more frequently associated with truffle plantations in the region of Aragón (Spain). Damages have been arranged into the main production stages: nursery, plantations and fruiting bodies. Material and methods: The data used in this work come from the technical enquiries from truffle growers to researchers and technical staff, as well as from field visits undertaken by those work teams. Sampling methodology has been carried out following standard procedures. Insects were collected with the traps commonly used in entomology works. Main result: More than 50 damages have been described in this paper. Some of them are capable of weakening the plants and other can even kill them. Mycorrhizal competitor fungi have also been considered in this paper. These organisms do not cause real phytosanitary problems, but they can lead to important economic losses. Research highlights: Researches, truffle hunters and managers must be alert in the face of the possible occurrence of potentially dangerous organisms. The final aim: being able to take action in an efficient way in the case of a pest outbreakPublishe

Enfermedades de los cereales de invierno

El objetivo de esta hoja informativa es facilitar el reconocimiento en campo de las enfermedades de los cereales de invierno más frecuentes en Aragón. Se debe tener en cuenta que existen sintomatologías similares a las descritas, debidas a condiciones climáticas adversas, carencias, fitotoxicidades u otras causas, por lo que para disponer de un diagnóstico preciso deben remitirse muestras a un laboratorio especializado.Publishe

Control mecánico de malas hierbas en cultivo de azafrán

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The use of flex-tine harrow, torsion weeder and finger weeder in saffron (Crocus sativus L.): abstract

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