could the uterine junctional zone be used to identify early stage endometriosis in women

Although the correlation between endometriosis, junctional zone (JZ) hyperplasia and adenomyosis is still debated, the correlation among JZ and different etiological and clinical aspects is, today, well recognized. Starting from that, clinicians must consider in their own practice all the potential modifications of the JZ because the described could be correlated with reproductive or obstetrics disorders [1]. The accurate and analytical evaluation, case by case, of the JZ is one of the most crucial points in the flowchart of infertile patients and also endometriotic patients. An accurate evaluation of JZ and its potential modifications can provide important information for patients with endometriosis and/or infertility or chronic pelvic pain. We know that adenomyosis is a common gynecologic disease characterized by the migration of endometrial glands and stroma from the basal layer of endometrium into the myometrium, and could be associated with smooth muscle hyperplasia. The first author that mentioned adenomyosis and its histopathological features was Rokitansky in 1860 describing the invasion of stroma and endometrial glands inside the myometrium with different levels of invasion up to the serosa [2]. A common pathogenesis for adenomyosis and endometriosis has been hypothesized, and it is argued that endometrial stroma being in direct contact with the underlying myometrium allows communication and interaction, thus facilitating endometrial invagination or invasion of a structurally weakened myometrium during periods of regeneration, healing and re-epithelization. Dislocation of basal endometrium may also result in endometriosis through retrograde menstruation [3]. Pelvic endometriosis and uterine adenomyosis are variants of the same disease, which involves the dislocation of basal endometrium and results from a dysfunction and disease primarily at the level of the JZ [4]. Pelvic endometriosis, especially in its severe stages, is also strongly associated with JZ thickening [5–8]. Therefore, the evaluation of JZ and its alterations by non invasive imaging are very important, especially in patients with endometriosis. Adenomyosis is also defined as the chronic disruption of the boundary between the basal layer of the endometrium and the myometrium, known as the JZ, with the hallmark pathologic finding of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium [9]. Both parts of the JZ (endometrium and subendometrial myometrium) have a common embryological origin from the paramesonephric ducts and show cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle, whereas the outer myometrium is of nonparamesonephric mesenchymal origin [10]. The etiology of adenomyosis is not known, but there are recent interesting theories that consider adenomyosis as an expression of pathological endomyometrial JZ, trying to explain, in this Could the uterine junctional zone be used to identify early-stage endometriosis in women

Imaging for the evaluation of endometriosis and adenomyosis

Endometriosis affects between 5 and 45% of women in reproductive age, is associated with significant morbidity, and constitutes a major public health concern. The correct diagnosis is fundamental in defining the best treatment strategy for endometriosis. Therefore, non-invasive methods are required to obtain accurate diagnoses of the location and extent of endometriotic lesions. Transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging are used most frequently to identify and characterise lesions in endometriosis. Subjective impression by an experienced sonologist for identifying endometriomas by ultrasound showed a high accuracy. Adhesions can be evaluated by real-time dynamic transvaginal sonography, using the sliding sign technique, to determine whether the uterus and ovaries glide freely over the posterior and anterior organs and tissues. Diagnosis is difficult when ovarian endometriomas are absent and endometriosis causes adhesions and deep infiltrating nodules in the pelvic organs. Magnetic resonance imaging seems to be useful in diagnosing all locations of endometriosis, and its diagnostic accuracy is similar to those obtained using ultrasound. Transvaginal ultrasound has been proposed as first line-line imaging technique because it is well accepted and widely available. The main limitation of ultrasound concerns lesions located above the rectosigmoid junction owing to the limited field-of-view of the transvaginal approach and low accuracy in detecting upper bowel lesions by transabdominal ultrasound. A detailed non-invasive diagnosis of the extension in the pelvis of endometriosis can facilitate the choice of a safe and adequate surgical or medical treatment

STUDI KOMPARATIF METODE MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN DI PONDOK PESANTREN AMANAH TARBIYAH ISLAMIYAH DAN PONDOK PESANTREN MADRASATUL QUR’AN DI KABUPATEN SIAK

ABSTRAK Membaca dan menghafal al-Qur’an merupakan bentuk kecintaan umat muslim terhadap al-Qur’an, selain itu juga untuk menjaga keaslian al-Qur’an. Dalam menghafalkan al-Qur'an dibutuhkan metode yang efektif. Realitasnya, ada metode yang efektif bagi seseorang, ada juga yang tidak efektif bagi yang lain. Terdapat beberapa pilihan metode dalam menghafal al-Qur’an. Dari latar belakang tersebut penulis tertarik meneliti tentang pelaksanaan dan metode yang digunakan dalam menghafal al-Qur’an di Pondok Pesantren Amanah Tarbiyah Islamiyah dan Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’an, pondok pesantren yang memiliki santri penghafal alQur’an dengan jumlah yang cukup signifikan. Penelitian field research ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif komparatif. Analisis penelitian ini berupa studi komparatif (perbandingan), yaitu membandingkan antara metode menghafal alQur’an di Pondok Pesantren Amanah Tarbiyah Islamiyah dan Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’an. Melalui analisis komparatif tersebut diketahui bahwa ada persamaan dan perbedaan. Diantara persamaannya kedua pondok pesantren ini tidak memaksakan satu metode kepada santrinya, para santri diberi kebebasan untuk memilih metode menghafal al-Qur’an. Kedua pondok pesantren ini menggunakan metode yang sama seperti metode Wahdah, metode Muraja’ah (mengulang hafalan), metode Tasmi’. Adapun perbedaannya, terletak pada pelaksanaan ujian tahfidz. Pondok Pesantren Amanah Tarbiyah Islamiyah ujian tahfiz setiap 6 bulan sekali, sedangkan Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur'an setiap santri selesai menghafal satu juz. Selain itu, pada metode ujian. Di Pondok Pesantren Amanah Tarbiyah Islamiyah menggunakan metode Tasmi’ dan MHQ, sedangkan di Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’an menggunakan metode Tasmi’ saja. Dalam metode menghafal al-Qur’an, Pondok Pesantren Amanah Tarbiyah Islamiyah menggunakan metode Talaqqi, sedangkan di Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’an menggunakan metode Binnazar. Kata Kunci: Studi Komparatif, Metode Menghafal Al-Qur’an, Pondok Pesantren Amanah Tarbiyah Islamiyah, Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’an

Inhibition of c-Myc Oncoprotein Limits the Growth of Human Melanoma Cells by Inducing Cellular Crisis

Abstract Here, we show that inhibition of c-Myc causes a proliferative arrest of M14 melanoma cells through cellular crisis, evident by the increase in size, multiple nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, induction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and massive apoptosis. The c-Myc-induced crisis is associated with decreased human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, telomerase activity, progressive telomere shortening, glutathione (GSH), depletion and, increased production of reactive oxygen species. Treatment of control cells with l-buthionine sulfoximine decreases GSH to levels of c-Myc low expressing cells, but it does not modify the growth kinetic of the cells. Surprisingly, when GSH is increased in the c-Myc low expressing cells by treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine, cells escape crisis. To test the hypothesis that both oxidative stress and telomerase dysfunction are involved in the c-Myc-dependent crisis, we directly inhibited telomerase function and glutathione levels. Inactivation of telomerase, by expression of a catalytically inactive, dominant negative form of reverse transcriptase, reduces cellular lifespan by inducing telomere shortening. Treatment of cells with l-buthionine sulfoximine decreases GSH content and accelerates cell crisis. Analysis of telomere status demonstrated that oxidative stress affects c-Myc-induced crisis by increasing telomere dysfunction. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of c-Myc oncoprotein induces cellular crisis through cooperation between telomerase dysfunction and oxidative stress

Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Jalan dan Sumber Daya Alam Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara.

Pembanguna ekonomi didefenisikan adalah sebagai suatu rangkaian proses kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh suatu wilayah untuk mengembangkan kegiatan atau aktivitas ekonomi untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup/kesejahteraan dalam jangka panjang. Salah satu pendukung pembangunan ekonomi suatu wilayah atau daerah adalah adanya pembangunan infrastruktur, infrstruktur jalan merupakan roda penggerak pembangunan ekonomi di suatu wilayah atau daerah. Karena disuatu wilayah atau daerah memiliki yang namanya sumber daya alam, otomatis sumber daya alam ini akan didistribusikan keluar sehingga dapat diproduksi dan menghasilkan suatu barang atau jasa. Salah satu masalah yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan oleh suatu wilayah atau daerah adalah masalah infrastruktur ini yang akan berdampak terhadap pembangunan ekonomi wilayah terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dari latar belakang diatas, permasalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh panjang jalan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Labuhanbatu Utara?, bagaimana pengaruh sumber daya alam terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Labuhanbatu utara? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untu mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh infrastruktur jalan dan sumber daya alam terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara tahun 2013-2017.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linear berganda. Data didapatkan dari data sekunder yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara tahun 2013-2017.Berdarsarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahawa, pertama panjang jalan mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Labuhanbatu Utara. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji signifikansi parametric individu (Uji-t) dengan nilai thitung sebesar 3.050599 lebih besar dari ttabel 0.000. sedangkan yang kedua sumber daya alam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Labuhanbatu Utara. Hala ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji signifikansi parametric individu (Uji-t) dengan nilai thitung 6.911182 lebih besar dari ttabel 0.000. dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa, pembangunan infrastruktur jalan dan sumber daya alam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara

PIANIFICARE LA SALUTE E IL BENESSERE DEI CITTADINI. APPROCCI IN CORSO E PROSPETTIVE DI RICERCA

This article reflects on the most recent approaches of urban planning dealing with the health and wellbeing of citizens. From a methodological point of view, the first part of the paper traces the correlations between the policies of WHO concerning “Healthy Cities” and the contents of ONU’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development (focusing on the 17 objectives for a sustainable development). Thereafter, the paper deals with the three problems that are considered central for the lines of research on the topic of urban wellbeing: the practices of mitigation of climatic change effects; the smart approach in the managing and use of common spaces of a city; the assessment methods of the impacts that urban planning can have on people’s health and quality of life. To make a system of the thoughts coming from the analysis of the previous three fields of action, the conclusions highlight the importance of two key factors in the success of urban policies focusing of health and wellbeing: the role of communities and the tactical approach