1,824 research outputs found
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The effects of intellectual property protection on international knowledge contracting
Developing countries, and particularly, those with a growing technological capacity, expect foreign technology transfers to increase when strengthening their intellectual property protection (IPR) rights. This paper evaluates empirically the impact of IPR on disembodied knowledge trade. It presents an exploration on Bilateral French Technology Receipts at the industry level for the
period 1994-2000. Two main findings stem from our analysis. First, It is found that IPR affects positively international knowledge contracting. Nevertheless, our findings show that the impact of IPR protection differs according to countries' income level and technological capacity. Stronger IPR rights can deter technology contracting in developing economies. Second, the effects of IPR protection are found to differ across industries. Stronger protection is found to be irrelevant to attract knowledge contracting in R&D-intensive industries, contrarily to middle R&D-intensive industries. Lastly, our findings on industries' sensitivity to foreign IPR protection differ from the results reported by survey studies (Mansfield et alii, 1968; Levin et alii, 1987; Cohen et alii, 2000) concerning the relative importance of IPR protection across industries to appropriate innovation
Local Zeta Functions for Non-degenerate Laurent Polynomials Over p-adic Fields
In this article, we study local zeta functions attached to Laurent
polynomials over p-adic fields, which are non-degenerate with respect to their
Newton polytopes at infinity. As an application we obtain asymptotic expansions
for p-adic oscillatory integrals attached to Laurent polynomials. We show the
existence of two different asymptotic expansions for p-adic oscillatory
integrals, one when the absolute value of the parameter approaches infinity,
the other when the absolute value of the parameter approaches zero. These two
asymptotic expansions are controlled by the poles of twisted local zeta
functions of Igusa type.Comment: The condition on the critical set on the mapping f considered in
Section 2.5 of our article is not sufficient to assure the vanishing of the
twisted local zeta functions (for almost all the characters) as we assert in
Theorem 3.9. A new condition on the mapping f is provide
Physical and Sexual Violence, Mental Health indicators, and treatment seeking among street-based population groups in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
To establish the prevalence of exposure to physical and sexual violence, mental health symptoms, and medical treatment-seeking behavior among three street-based subpopulation groups in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and to assess the association between sociodemographic group, mental health indicators, and exposure to violence
Breakdown of Kinetic Compensation Effect in Physical Desorption
The kinetic compensation effect (KCE), observed in many fields of science, is
the systematic variation in the apparent magnitudes of the Arrhenius parameters
, the energy of activation, and , the preexponential factor, as a
response to perturbations. If, in a series of closely related activated
processes, these parameters exhibit a strong linear correlation, it is expected
that an isokinetic relation will occur, then the rates become the same at a
common compensation temperature . The reality of these two phenomena
continues to be debated as they have not been explicitly demonstrated and their
physical origins remain poorly understood. Using kinetic Monte Carlo
simulations on a model interface, we explore how site and adsorbate
interactions influence the Arrhenius parameters during a typical desorption
process. We find that their transient variations result in a net partial
compensation, due to the variations in the prefactor not being large enough to
completely offset those in , both in plots that exhibit a high degree of
linearity and in curved non-Arrhenius plots. In addition, the observed
isokinetic relation arises due to a transition to a non-interacting regime, and
not due to compensation between and . We expect our results to
provide a deeper insight into the microscopic events that originate
compensation effects and isokinetic relations in our system, and in other
fields where these effects have been reported.Comment: 11 pages, 17 figures, 3 table
Poles of Archimedean zeta functions for analytic mappings
In this paper, we give a description of the possible poles of the local zeta
function attached to a complex or real analytic mapping in terms of a
log-principalization of an ideal associated to the mapping. When the mapping is
a non-degenerate one, we give an explicit list for the possible poles of the
corresponding local zeta function in terms of the normal vectors to the
supporting hyperplanes of a Newton polyhedron attached to the mapping, and some
additional vectors (or rays) that appear in the construction of a simplicial
conical subdivision of the first orthant. These results extend the
corresponding results of Varchenko to the case l\geq1, and K=R or C. In the
case l=1 and K=R, Denef and Sargos proved that the candidates poles induced by
the extra rays required in the construction of a simplicial conical subdivision
can be discarded from the list of candidate poles. We extend the Denef-Sargos
result arbitrary l\geq1. This yields in general a much shorter list of
candidate poles, that can moreover be read off immediately from the Newton
polyhedron
Supporting Pedagogical Spanish Language Competencies: Bilingual Teacher Education en la Frontera
This autoethnography explores my experience as a bilingual teacher educator on the Texas, United States-Mexico border supporting the development of preservice teachers\u27 pedagogical Spanish language competencies through a course that I have been developing over the last few years. To this aim, I look at my positionality and experiences developing my bilingualism in the same border community and my pedagogical Spanish language competence. My goal is to suggest how teacher education can support the development of bilingual teacher candidates\u27 Spanish language competence in ways that recognize the linguistic diversity of border communities, critically unpack hegemonic ideologies, and prepare teacher candidates to feel confident in meeting the linguistic and academic demands and realities of the bilingual classroom
Cultural Narratives and Counterstories: Examining Representation in “Prietita y la Llorona”
Stories can be a powerful medium through which to simultaneously reinforce and counter oppressive discourse. This article examines Gloria Anzaldúa’s children’s book, Prietita y La Llorona, as a counterstory method within the larger genre of Latinx children’s literature. Counterstories are a powerful method used by Critical Race and feminist theorists to center the delegitimized experiences of marginalized communities. Drawing on theories around discourse, representation, and intersectionality, the article explores the ways in which Anzaldúa counters cultural narratives that diminish community cultural wealth and women’s positions as agents of knowledge through the characters of Doña Lola and La Llorona
Introduction: Data Breaches: Moving Forward, Practically
Cardozo Law Review de•novo’s online symposium: Data Breaches: Moving Forward, Practically focuses on proactive steps that policymakers, regulators, the judiciary, and businesses can take to address the array of issues arising from data breaches. The online symposium features articles from Lauren Henry, Adam Lamparello, Peter Yu, and David Thaw
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Leaf-inspired microcontact printing vascular patterns.
The vascularization of tissue grafts is critical for maintaining viability of the cells within a transplanted graft. A number of strategies are currently being investigated including very promising microfluidics systems. Here, we explored the potential for generating a vasculature-patterned endothelial cells that could be integrated into distinct layers between sheets of primary cells. Bioinspired from the leaf veins, we generated a reverse mold with a fractal vascular-branching pattern that models the unique spatial arrangement over multiple length scales that precisely mimic branching vasculature. By coating the reverse mold with 50 μg ml-1 of fibronectin and stamping enabled selective adhesion of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to the patterned adhesive matrix, we show that a vascular-branching pattern can be transferred by microcontact printing. Moreover, this pattern can be maintained and transferred to a 3D hydrogel matrix and remains stable for up to 4 d. After 4 d, HUVECs can be observed migrating and sprouting into Matrigel. These printed vascular branching patterns, especially after transfer to 3D hydrogels, provide a viable alternative strategy to the prevascularization of complex tissues
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha expression in T cells mediates gender differences in development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha is a nuclear receptor that mediates gender differences in lipid metabolism. PPARalpha also functions to control inflammatory responses by repressing the activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and c-jun in immune cells. Because PPARalpha is situated at the crossroads of gender and immune regulation, we hypothesized that this gene may mediate sex differences in the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. We show that PPARalpha is more abundant in male as compared with female CD4(+) cells and that its expression is sensitive to androgen levels. Genetic ablation of this gene selectively removed the brake on NF-kappaB and c-jun activity in male T lymphocytes, resulting in higher production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor (but not interleukin 17), and lower production of T helper (Th)2 cytokines. Upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, male but not female PPARalpha(-/-) mice developed more severe clinical signs that were restricted to the acute phase of disease. These results suggest that males are less prone to develop Th1-mediated autoimmunity because they have higher T cell expression of PPARalpha
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