Field programmable gate array architecture of proportional-integral-derivative controller

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is widely used in control and automation. PID implementation in software especially using microcontroller requires a lot of CPU execution time. The performance of PID controller can be improved by accelerating control function in hardware. Thus, the performance and throughput can be further improved when incorporated in FPGA architecture system. This project focuses on exploration of hardware architecture of PID controller and targeted for implementation on FPGA system. The architecture exploration include concurrent, serial and pipeline designs, functionality correctness and non-functional verification. These architectures was designed to support modularity and can be use for other control applications. Serial design architecture of PID is able to reduce - 60% of datapath unit resources compared to concurrent design but it required five cycles to produce the output. High throughput can be achieve using pipeline design and required 7 more registers compared to concurrent design with pipeline speed up about 1.5 and five times compared to serial design architecture

Identification of rainfall temporal patterns

Temporal pattern for rainfall events is required in the design and evaluation of hydrologic safety for hydraulic structures. In this paper, a method of statistical cluster analysis is applied to identify event-based representative temporal rainfall pattern in fourteen stations in Johor. The 8 hour separation time of no rain is used to divide the 5 years rainfall data into individual rainfall event according to the monsoons. The analysis is implemented from the dimensionless mass curve ordinates as the attributes in statistical cluster analysis of the cumulative storm depth over the non-dimensionalized time. As a result, three representative rainstorm patterns are identified and classified under the two basic types of advanced-type (A) and central-peak type (C) for northeast and southwest monsoon. Meanwhile, only one basic type is identified to represent rainstorm pattern during the inter-monsoon that is advanced type (A). In addition, the rainfall pattern is dependent on rainfall depth and duration, season and geographical location by contingency table test. The rainfall information presently used for design in Malaysia is very dissimilar to the representative curves derived in this study. The identification of three representative rainfall temporal patterns according to the monsoon seasons in Johor can be used as a basis to stochastically generate the plausible rainfall hyetographs of the specified pattern in Johor

Descriptive comparison of SME performance between Iran and UK

This paper is a part of an on-going research effort to derive, characterise and employ an empirically-based development taxonomy for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) aim to help the government SMEs strategists within which the companies operating to benchmark and to determine the level of their success potential and relate it to the benefit to the region. This research attempt to examines the general characteristics and performance capabilities of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Iranian SMEs compared with SME CEOs of United Kingdom (UK) using data made through independent SME studies in Iran and UK. Data from 321 SME CEO in Iran and 132 SME CEO in UK analysed. Descriptive statistics for various enterprise performance potential and CEO's characteristics facilitate provide a comparison analysis between Iranian SMEs and UK's. Main result of this study is a deep understanding of SME capacities in Iran and UK

Development of generalized feed forward network for predicting annual flood (depth) of a tropical river

The modeling of rainfall-runoff relationship in a watershed is very important in designing hydraulic structures, controlling flood and managing storm water. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are known as having the ability to model nonlinear mechanisms. This study aimed at developing a Generalized Feed Forward (GFF) network model for predicting annual flood (depth) of Johor River in Peninsular Malaysia. In order to avoid over training, cross-validation technique was performed for optimizing the model. In addition, predictive uncertainty index was used to protect of over parameterization. The governing training algorithm was back propagation with momentum term and tangent hyperbolic types was used as transfer function for hidden and output layers. The results showed that the optimum architecture was derived by linear tangent hyperbolic transfer function for both hidden and output layers. The values of Nash and Sutcliffe (NS) and Root mean square error (RMSE) obtained 0.98 and 5.92 for the test period. Cross validation evaluation showed 9 process elements is adequate in hidden layer for optimum generalization by considering the predictive uncertainty index obtained (0.14) for test period which is acceptable

Introducing Shariah compliant hotels as a new tourism product: the case of Malaysia

This paper is concerned with the concept of Shariah compliant hotels which are introduced to attract a growing Muslim travelers market. Major attributes of Shariah compliant hotels are investigated based on the available literature and secondary data. The concept of Shariah compliant hotels should be clearly defined and it is suggested that the relevant stakeholders to play important roles in contributing to the understanding of such concept. The idea of setting up of Shariah compliant hotel is very interesting indeed considering the growing population of Muslim travelers. In the case of Malaysia, the concept of Shariah compliant hotel is yet to be explored and warranted further investigation. It is recommended that the setting up of Shariah compliant hotels to be promoted aggressively to stimulate the tourism industry which may be cater to the growing Islamic market especially from the Middle East region

Effect analysis on strategy implementation drivers

Currently, the strategy implementation is believed to be a dynamic activity within strategic management process. The main objective of this research is to examine the structural relationships between strategy implementation and performance within the small and medium manufacturing firms. In order to implement strategy effectively, it is crucial to consider several organizational issues. The literature indicates that, several researchers have identified three fundamental factors in Strategy Implementation: the structure, leadership style and resources. The current research particularly discusses the main drivers of strategy implementation, prevailing in the smaller industries. In this regard, empirical relationships are established relating strategy implementation and performance of the firm. We provide a structural equation model on the relationship among drivers of strategy implementation and organization performance and also sensitivity analysis on the drivers

Descriptive framework for entrepreneur`s capabilities.

This paper is a part of an PhD research effort to employ an empirically-based development taxonomy for smaller and medium enterprises (SMEs) aim to develop an understanding framework for the SME potential to success within which governments be able to benchmark and relate it to the benefit to the region to adopt their policies. Data from 321SME entrepreneurs in Iran gathered and attempts to descriptive analyze the Iranian SME entrepreneur’s capabilities

Hiving Method Of Stingless Bee Domestication For Sustainable Meliponiculture

The stingless bee rearing is emergent agriculture activity in Malaysia. The stingless bee products including honey and bee bread, which are stored in propolis-rich pots. The activities of stingless bee rearing are referred to as meliponiculture and it is a crucial activity that encourages the conservation of stingless bees and helping to reduce deforestation due to feral stingless bee colony hunting. Here, we studied direct and indirect hiving method of the feral stingless bee colony into a newly innovative hive called Mustafa-Hive. In the hive, the brood was placed into a split-able throne as a brood chamber and inserted into an air-jacketed palace as an insulation chamber. The honey cassette was used on the hive to induce a monolayer honey pot formation. Findings have shown that all broods in an indirect hiving module provide cleaner broods from the sawdust compared to the direct hiving process. Indiriect hiving gave 100% colony viability and supported by noteworthy yield pot formations in the honeycassette. Findings also showed an average of 4.5ml honey were extracted from each pot to produce an average of 99ml and 256.5ml honey at week 2 and week 4 for every hive, respectively. As conclusion, the indirect hiving method and the use of Mustafa-hive ensures colony survival and induced formation of monolayer honey pots. Thus this hiving module encourage for sustainable meliponiculture, enables for absolute and hygienic honey extractions from honey cassette which could indirectly promote the development of the stingless bee industr