Sifat Kimia Limbah Padat Rumput Laut Hasil Pemurnian Menggunakan H2O2 dan NaOH

Waste seaweed is one source of raw material for the manufacture of biodegradable films ofconsiderable potential. In the industrial extraction of carrageenan, Eucheuma cottonii usedonly about 30-35%, and 65-70% to waste tends to be wasted and organic waste. Therefore,efforts to purify the seaweed waste of unwanted compounds such as lignin. This study aims to determine the chemical characteristics resulting from the purification process using NaOH and H2O2. Results showed increased concentrations of NaOH and H2O2 can cause  decreased levels of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in pulp fiber waste from seaweed. The best concentration of NaOH is 3% which resulted in 67.75% of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin 13.1% 6.35% while the concentration of H2O2 best is 3% which  produces cellulose of 44.29%, 22.12% hemicellulose and lignin 11%.Keywords: waste seaweed, NaOH, H2O

APLIKASI JAMUR PEMUTIH PADA AMPAS TEBU SEBAAI BAHAN BAKU KERTAS

Usage of high chemicals at process of paper and pulp generate much negative impact at environment. To lessen the mentioned used by enzyme of mushroom upon which white rot fungi because owning ability of lignin degradation selectively and only elaborating and cellulose of hemicelluloses in number a few. Result of research indicate that from is fourth of isolate test that is ampas tebu busuk isolate, isolate P. Porigens, isolate V. Volvaceae , Ganoderma sp and Omphilia sp can existing lignin degradable in bags and yield enzyme of laccase. Omphilia sp have potency for the degradable of lignin equal to 72% with degradation of cellulose equal to 0, 5% and yield enzyme activity of laccase equal to 37, 56 units / ml.   Keyword:  bagasse, lignocellulose, biopulpin

PROSES PEMBUATAN PULP BERBASIS AMPAS TEBU: BATANG PISANG DENGAN METODE ACETOSOLVE

In Indonesia, pulp and paper production generally uses wood.  Intensive forest explotation causes deforesting, global warming,and lessen the wood deposit and forest area.  Therefore, government should seek alternative raw material such as bagasse for pulp and paper production, with naturally friendly environment pulping method, such as acetosolve method. In this research bagasse and banana fiber were used as raw material for pulp production.  Then, raw material analyses was conducted for chemical content which were cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash, and  pulp physical properties.  The best result in pulping process was 70:30 ratio of bagasse and banana fiber with 80% acetate acid concentration which resulted 56% of cellulose, 27,4% of hemicellulose, 16,2% of lignin, 66% rendemen, 16.1 GE of brightness index,  0,83 (kPa.m/g) of  break index, 2,05 Nm2/Kg Of tear index,  19 Nm/g of tensil strength, and 93% of paper opacity. Keywords: Bagasse, banana trunk fiber, acetosolv

PENGARUH FORMULASI SUKROSA DAN SIRUP GLUKOSA TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA DAN SENSORI PERMEN SUSU KEDELAI [The Effect of Sucrose and Glucose Syrup Proportion on Chemical and Sensory Properties of Soymik Candy]

The objective of this research was to study the effect formulation between sucrose and glucose syrup on chemical and sensory properties of soymilk candy. The research was a single factor, arranged in a Complete Randomized Design with six replications. The factor was the formulation of sucrose and glucose syrup consisted of six levels, i.e. 100:0 (F1); 90:10 (F2); 80:20 (F3); 70:30 (F4); 60:40 (F5) and 50 : 50 (F6). The data were analyzed by using ANOVA and were tested with LSD test at 5% level of significant. The results showed that the ratio of sucrose and glucose syrup significantly affected the chemical properties (moisture content, ash content and reducing sugar content) and sensory (color, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance) of soymilk candy.  The best formulation was found on soymilk candy produced from 60% sucrose and 40% glucose syrup (F5) with the color score of 2,49 (yellow-brown), odor score of 2,34 (rather specific soymilk), taste score of 3,12 (rather sweet), texture score of 3,24 (rather soft), and the overall acceptance score at 3,05 (like). The best soymilk candy has moisture content of 8,21%, ash content of 1,38% and reducing sugar content of 8,18%.Keywords : sucrose, glucose syrup, soymilk candy

Optimization of Biodegradable Film from Cellulosa of Seaweed Solid Waste Eucheuma cottonii with Addition of Glycerol, Chitosan, CMC and Tapioca

Cellulose from the solid waste of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii is one of the wastes that can be used as raw material for making biodegradable films. The condition for making optimum conditions for making biodegradable film from E. cottonii with treatment of glycerol concentration (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; and 1%), tapioca concentration (2; 4; 6; 8; and 10%) , carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) concentration (1; 2; 3; 4and 5%) and chitosan concentration (1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 The experimental design uses a surface response method with 4 replications. The analysis carried out consisted of elongation percent, tensile strength, solubility and biodegradable film using surface response method. The optimum value occurs in the process conditions using a concentration of glycerol of 0.162%, tapioca concentration of 3.78%, CMC concentration of 2.5% and chitosan concentration of 1.62% with tensile strength 95.013 Mpa, percent elongation of 8.92%, and solubility 80.62%

Quality Changes of Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) Under Different Storage Conditions

Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) have become an attractive agricultural product due to their high nutritional value and use as food. However, since it has a low shelf life, further storage condition needs to be studied. This research investigated the quality changes of button mushrooms under different storage conditions. The mushrooms were stored both in cold and room temperature. The treatments used are different packaging materials such as Styrofoam, polyethylene, and edible coating, where the unpacked mushroom is used as control. Observed parameters are sensory, water content, and weight loss. Button mushrooms with edible coating at cold and room temperature storage were determined as the best treatment that resulted in the lowest decrease in weight loss and water content. Based on this study, the recommended storage condition for button mushrooms is using edible coating in cold temperatures

Effects of Fruit Coatings, Fungicide, and Storage Temperature on Fruit Shelf-Life and Qualities of ‘California’ Papaya

‘California’ papaya is a newly released papaya cultivar in Indonesia that has a very short shelf-life. Increasing demands in both local and export markets warrant the need for a proper postharvest technology to prolong its shelf-life. This research was conducted to study the effects of fruit coatings (chitosan, KD-112, plastic wrapping), fungicide Prochloraz, and storage temperatures on its fruit shelf-life and quality. Three parallel experiments were conducted with treatments arranged in a completely randomized design of a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design.  The first factor was chitosan (with and without 1.25% chitosan), or KD-112 (with and without 14% KD-112), or plastic wrapping (with and without one layer plastic wrapping), the second was Prochloraz (with and without 0.67 mL/L Prochloraz), and the third was storage temperature (27-28 and 16-18 ºC). While Prochloraz did not affect fruit variables, cooler temperature and coatings lengthened fruit shelf-life with the best effect shown by plastic wrapping which lengthened fruit shelf-life by 13 days, without affecting fruit qualities. Significant effects of coating and cooler temperature determined their combined effects, with the best effect achieved by applying the three factors that lengthened fruit shelf-life by 11-23 days longer

Pengaruh Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (Avg), Plastic Wrapping Dan Suhu Simpan Terhadap Masa Simpan Dan Mutu Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) ‘Mutiara’

The research was aimmed at studying the effects of (1) single application AVGs,plastic wrappings, and storage temperatures, (2) interactions among AVGs andplastic wrappings, AVGs and storage temperatures, and plastic wrappings andstorage temperatures, and (3) interactions among AVGs, plastic wrappings, andstorage temperatures in extending fruit self-life and maintain qualities of‘Mutiara’guava fruits. The research was arranged in a completely randomized designin 2 x 2 x 2 factorial with three replications. The first factor was AVGs (with 1,25ppm and without AVG), the second factor was plastic wrappings (without and withone layer of plastic wrapping), and the third factor was storage temperature (a coldtemperature of 21, 53 ºC and a room temprature of 26,57 ºC). The result showed that(1) the application of AVG 1,25 ppm did not significantly affect fruit self-life, fruitfirmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acid contens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’guava’fruits, (2) storage at cold temprature of 21, 53 ºC did not significantly affect fruit self-life, fruit firmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acid contens, and sweetness of‘Mutiara’guava’ fruits, (3) the application of plastic wrapping was able to extend fruitself-life by 17 days longer than without plastic wrapping and supressed fruit weightloss of ‘Mutiara’guava, but accelerated softening and not able to maintain ºBrix, andalso did not significantly affect acid contens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’guava fruits,(4) there were no interaction effects among AVGs with plastic wrappings, AVGs withcold tempratures, and plastic wrappings with cold tempratures on self-life, fruitfirmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acid contens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’guavafruits, and (5) there were no interaction effects among AVGs, plastic wrappings, andcold temperatures on fruit self-life, fruit firmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acidcontens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’ guava fruits

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI TAPIOKA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK BIODEGRADABLE FILM DARI BAHAN KOMPOSIT SELULOSA NANAS

This research was aimed to find the right concentration of tapioca to produce  biodegradable films from composite materials of pineapple cellulose with the best physical characteristic. The research was designed using a Completely Randomized Block Design with starch concentration as the single factor. It was consisted of five levels 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (w/v) with 5 replications.  The data of visual observation and water vapor permeability were analyzed descriptively, while data of tensile strength were processed by analysis of variance.  Data homogenity  and additivity were tested using Barlett and Tuckey tests. The data were analyzed further by LSD test at 5% level of significance. The best result was the biodegradable film from composite material of pineapple cellulose with 4% tapioca which produced 5228, 59 Mpa for tensile strength and 9.11 g/(m2/hr) for the water vapor permeability. The addition of tapioca in producing biodegradable film from composite material of pineapple cellulose could eliminate floc or the heterogen clump-forming film materials. Keywords: Biodegradable film, tapioca, tensile strength