Inclusive education and remote education in rural areas of northern Peru

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Inclusive education and remote education in rural areas of northern Peru. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document, is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2016-2020 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of 15 publications. The information provided by said platform was organized by means of tables and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed topic was referenced by means of a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, Brazil, with 6 publications, is the Latin American country with the highest production. The area of knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of inclusive education and remote education was social sciences with 11 published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the above-mentioned period was the journal article, which represents 93% of the total scientific productionCampus Lima Nort

The celiac ganglion modulates LH-induced inhibition of androstenedione release in late pregnant rat ovaries

BACKGROUND: Although the control of ovarian production of steroid hormones is mainly of endocrine nature, there is increasing evidence that the nervous system also influences ovarian steroidogenic output. The purpose of this work was to study whether the celiac ganglion modulates, via the superior ovarian nerve, the anti-steroidogenic effect of LH in the rat ovary. Using mid- and late-pregnant rats, we set up to study: 1) the influence of the noradrenergic stimulation of the celiac ganglion on the ovarian production of the luteotropic hormone androstenedione; 2) the modulatory effect of noradrenaline at the celiac ganglion on the anti-steroidogenic effect of LH in the ovary; and 3) the involvement of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters released in the ovary upon the combination of noradrenergic stimulation of the celiac ganglion and LH treatment of the ovary. METHODS: The ex vivo celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary integrated system was used. This model allows studying in vitro how direct neural connections from the celiac ganglion regulate ovarian steroidogenic output. The system was incubated in buffer solution with the ganglion and the ovary located in different compartments and linked by the superior ovarian nerve. Three experiments were designed with the addition of: 1) noradrenaline in the ganglion compartment; 2) LH in the ovarian compartment; and 3) noradrenaline and LH in the ganglion and ovarian compartments, respectively. Rats of 15, 19, 20 and 21 days of pregnancy were used, and, as an end point, the concentration of the luteotropic hormone androstenedione was measured in the ovarian compartment by RIA at various times of incubation. For some of the experimental paradigms the concentration of various catecholamines (dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) was also measured in the ovarian compartment by HPLC. RESULTS: The most relevant result concerning the action of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion was found on day 21 of pregnancy resulting in the inhibition of androstenedione release from the ovarian compartment. In addition on day 15 of pregnancy, LH placed in the ovarian compartment led to an inhibition of the release of androstenedione, and this inhibitory effect was further reinforced by the joint action of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion and LH in the ovary. The levels of catecholamines in the ovarian compartment showed differences among the experiments; of significance, the joint treatment of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion and LH in the ovary resulted in a remarkable increase in the ovarian levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline when compared to the effect achieved by either one of the compounds added alone. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the noradrenergic stimulation of the celiac ganglion reinforces the LH-induced inhibition of androstenedione production by the ovary of late pregnant rats, and that this effect is associated with marked changes in the release of catecholamines in the ovary

Genomic Instability Decreases in HIV Patient by Complementary Therapy with Rosmarinus officinalis Extracts

Genomic instability is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intake of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on genomic instability in HIV patients. We studied 67 HIV patients under pharmacological treatment with ATRIPLA who were divided into three groups: group 1, patients under ATRIPLA antiretroviral therapy; group 2, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary aqueous extract (4 g/L per day); and group 3, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary methanolic extract (400 mg/day). The genomic instability was evaluated through the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Oral epithelial cells were taken at the beginning and 1 and 4 months later. The groups that received the pharmacological therapy with ATRIPLA and the complementary therapy with R. officinalis extracts showed a decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities compared with the group that only received ATRIPLA. The complementary therapy with R. officinalis decreased the genomic instability in HIV patients

Neuromodulatory effect of oestradiol in the metabolism of ovarian progesterone and oestradiol during dioestrus II: Participation of the superior mesenteric ganglion

The aims of the present study were to determine: (1) whether oestradiol (E2) in the superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG) modifies the release of ovarian progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A2) and E2, the activity and gene expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 20-HSD and the expression of P450 aromatase (Cyp19a1) and (2) whether any such modifications are related to changes in ovarian nitric oxide (NO) and noradrenaline (NA) levels during dioestrus II. Using an ex vivo SMG-ovarian nervous plexus-ovary system, ovarian P4 release was measured following the addition E2 plus tamoxifen (Txf) (10-6M) to the ganglion, whereas A2, E2, NA and NO were measured following the addition of E2 alone. Steroids were measured by radioimmunoassay, NA concentrations were determined by HPLC and gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Oestradiol in the ganglion decreased ovarian P4, E2 and NA release, as well as 3β-HSD activity, but increased the release of A2 and nitrites, as well as the 20-HSD expression and its activity. No changes were observed in Cyp19a1 gene expression. The addition of E2 plus Txf to the ganglion reversed the effects of E2 alone. The action of oestradiol in SMG favours the beginning of functional luteolysis, due to an increase in NO release and a decrease in NA in the ovary. These results may help elucidate the role of E2 in hormone-dependent pathologies in women.Fil: Vega Orozco, Adriana Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Bronzi, Cynthia Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Vallcaneras, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Zulema Yolanda. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Casais, Marilina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentin

Involvement of ganglionic cholinergic receptors on the steroidogenesis in the luteal phase in rat

The ovarian nervous plexus (ONP) is one of the principal extrinsic innervation pathways reaching the ovary from the superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG). The aims of this work were: (a) to determine if acetylcholine (Ach) in the SMG modifies the release of steroids and ovarian nitrites in an ex vivo SMG-ONP-ovary system on dioestrus (D) I and II, and (b) to demonstrate if the activities and gene expression of the steroidogenic enzymes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) are modified by cholinergic stimulus. The system was incubated in Krebs-Ringer buffer bicarbonate at 37°C in metabolic bath. Ach (10-6M) was used as cholinergic agonist. Ach in SMG increased progesterone release at all the incubation times on DI and DII (p<0.001). Androstenedione increased at 15 and 30min on DI, and at 30min on DII whereas nitric oxide (NO) increased at 30min on DI, and at 15 and 30min on DII. The activity of 3β-HSD increased whereas the activity of 20α-HSD decreased (p<0.001) on DI and DII. The gene expression of 3β-HSD showed a significant increase at 120min on DI and DII (op<0.01) and 20α-HSD diminished only on DII. The results show the importance of the SMG via the ovarian nervous plexus on the regulation of the steroid secretory activity and on the ovarian release of NO in the luteal phase. The complex synaptic connections in the prevertebral ganglia and the sympathetic ganglionic chain participate in the neuroendocrinological mechanisms that take place during the luteal steroidogenesis.Fil: Vega Orozco, Adriana Soledad. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Zulema. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Silvia Marcela. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Casais, Marilina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Rastrilla, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentin

Designing a Web Page to Improve Tutors’ Role in Nursing Students Formation

<strong>Background:</strong> Higher Medical Education in Cuba is based on a work-related educational and pedagogical model. In this model, tutors play a key role, but their preparation to work with undergraduate nursing students is often insufficient. <strong>Objective: </strong>To design a web page containing the necessary information to improve tutors’ role in their work with undergraduate nursing students. <strong>Methods:</strong> descriptive research, conducted at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos from 2009 to February 2010. In order to identify tutors’ needs, a questionnaire and a diagnostic test were applied to 33,7 % of active-teaching tutors, randomly selected from a total of 169. During the second phase of this research contents for the web site were prepared and validated through expert criteria. <strong>Results:</strong> A website containing skills for each year and subject , curricula, skills control cards, existing resolutions and circulars, training strategies for work-related education, tutor’s functions, career curriculum, regulations for nursing practice, methodological instructions, organization of nursing curriculum and training to develop work-related education typologies was created. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This website is a useful tool for monitoring nursing students during the work-related education process. It is available for tutors in their teaching settings and working places

Androgen receptors in coeliac ganglion in late pregnant rat

The ovarian function is controlled by endocrine factors and neural influence. In late pregnant rat, androstenedione, from the coeliac ganglion, has a luteotrophic effect in the ex vivo coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system. In this work we investigate the presence of androgen receptors in the coeliac ganglion of late pregnant rats by immunohistochemistry. We also explore, from a physiological point of view, the potential participation of these receptors in the androstenedione ganglionic action on progesterone release and metabolism, as well as on nitrites release in the ovary compartment. The coeliac ganglion was isolated after being fixed in situ and immunohistochemistry was performed. In the system, three experimental groups were used with the addition of (a) androstenedione, (b) flutamide, and (c) androstenedione plus flutamide in the ganglion compartment. Progesterone and nitrite concentrations were determined in the ovary compartment at different incubation times. Corpora lutea samples isolated at the end of incubation were used to determine the expressions and activities of the progesterone synthesis (3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD) and degradation (20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, 20α-HSD) enzymes. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmatic androgen receptor immunoreactivity in neural somas in the coeliac ganglion. In the coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system, androstenedione addition increased 3β-HSD and decreased 20α-HSD, showed a tendency to decrease 20α-HSD expression, and increased nitrites release in relation to control. Androstenedione plus flutamide decreased progesterone and nitrites release in relation to the androstenedione group. This work demonstrates the presence of androgen receptors in neurons of celiac ganglion and provides evidence for the luteotrophic action of androstenedione via a neural pathway that may be mediated by these receptors.Fil: Vallcaneras, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Casais, Marilina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Silvia Marcela. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Filippa, Veronica Palmira. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Mohamed, Fabian Heber. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Zulema. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Rastrilla, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentin

Modulation of the noradrenergic activity index by neural stimulus, and its participation in ovarian androstenedione release during the luteal phase

Objective: To investigate the participation of catecholamines in the association between peripheral innervation and luteal steroidogenesis. Design: Animal study. Setting: University animal laboratory. Animal(s): Six to eight virgin adult Holtzman-strain female rats in control and experimental groups on diestrus days 1 and 2. Intervention(s): Removal of the coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system, with catecholaminergic agonist or antagonist added in the ganglion compartment (experimental group only). The control group received no treatment. Main Outcome Measure(s): Ovarian neurotransmitters and their catabolites measured by reverse-phase highpressure liquid chromatography, and A2 measured by radioimmunoassay. Result(s): On day 1, dopamine and catabolite increased whereas norepinephrine decreased, and the noradrenergic neuronal activity index was higher. On day 2, dopamine levels decreased, norepinephrine increased, and dopaminergic neuronal activity was higher. The release of A2 was decreased by addition of norepinephrine to the ganglions on day 1, but was increased by the norepinephrine antagonist on day 2. Hence, norepinephrine increased A2 release, and propranolol diminished it. Conclusion(s): Ganglionic activity is modified by noradrenergic stimulus, leading to different ovarian A2 release profiles. The peripheral nervous system is a modulator in these homeostatic mechanisms.Fil: Bronzi, Cynthia Daniela. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Vega Orozco, Adriana Soledad. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Silvia Marcela. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Casais, Marilina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Rastrilla, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Zulema Yolanda. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Argentin