Drying the corn in a farm heat pump dryer with fluidized bed

[EN] The possibility of using a heat pump as a part of on-farm drying plant is considered taking drying of corn grain as an example. The methodology for kinetic calculations of a drying plant with a batch fluidized bed for granular materials is developed. These calculations are based on the use of an analytical solution for the problem of mass conductivity and taking into account the time-related changes in drying agent parameters over the layer height. To determine the concentration dependence of the mass-conductivity coefficient, a zonal method has been used.Rudobashta, S.; Zueva, G.; Dmitriev, V.; Muravleva, E. (2018). Drying the corn in a farm heat pump dryer with fluidized bed. En IDS 2018. 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1301-1308. https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7501OCS1301130

Менингококковые вакцины: от капсульных полисахаридов до протеаз

Microbial capsular polysaccharides for many years provided a highly practical public health vaccines for preventing meningococcal, pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenza infection, and typhoid fever. Their application in the form of conjugates with protein carriers eliminate the gap in protection against these infections in children under one year. Extremely promising turned out offered us a new generation of vaccines, which have synthetic peptides conjugated to a meningococcal polysaccharide. Thus, new approaches to the solution of the problem of meningococcal disease vaccination serogroup B were open. In recent years, Russian researchers first suggested to use IgA1 protease (one of the major virulence factors of microbes and almost identical for mentioned below infections) for prevention of such diseases as meningococcal of all serogroups, pneumococcus and hemophilia infections. Patented processes for producing of the vaccine define domestic priority of its production and use.Микробные капсульные полисахариды на протяжении многих лет обеспечивали практическое здравоохранение высокоэффективными вакцинами для профилактики менингококковых, пневмококковых, гемофильных инфекций и брюшного тифа. А их применение в виде конъюгатов с белковыми носителями ликвидировало пробел при защите от этих инфекций детей в возрасте до одного года. Необычайно перспективным оказалось предложенное нами новое поколение вакцин, где уже синтетические пептиды конъюгировались с полисахаридами менингококков. Таким образом, были открыты подходы к решению проблемы вакцинопрофилактики менингококковой инфекции серогруппы В. В последние годы отечественные исследователи впервые предложили использовать для профилактики менингококковых инфекций всех серогрупп, а также инфекций, обусловленных пневмококками и гемофилами, один из главных факторов вирулентности этих микробов — IgA1 протеазу, практически идентичную для всей указанной группы инфекций. Запатентованные способы получения этой вакцины определяют отечественный приоритет ее производства и применения

RADICAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS IN WEST AFRICA: THE GENESIS, CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The issue of formation and activity of radical Islamic organizations in West Africa is one of the most relevant for the study of trends in development of the region and the ways of development of the various trends in contemporary Islam. In this context, the study of the genesis, ideological and social base, as well as the main activities of the most numerous and active radical Islamic organizations in the West African region, such as Boko Haram, Ansar al-Din, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and some others are important and demanded. After the events of the Arab Spring of 2011 and because of the revitalization of the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham and al-Qaeda in Africa, the role and influence of the aforementioned organizations in the Sahel-Saharan region has undergone significant changes. The role and influence of local radical groups increased significantly in the context of a weak economic base, ecological problems, low standard of living, a large property polarization of society, systemic corruption, increasing drug trafficking, the presence of unresolved ethnic and religious conflicts, weak inter community relations and, as a consequence, the ineffectiveness of the government and the vacuum of values. Their leaders are using populist slogans of social justice, borrowed from the global Islamic organizations such as al-Qaeda and ISIS. This often means the transfer of global concepts to local soil when the practices of action are borrowed while the ideological component is either lost or exposed to distortion and erroneous interpretations. The research is based on media materials, analytical articles, political reviews in English, French, and Russian. It is also based on the analysis of scientific articles and monographs on the subject of radical Islam in the countries of North and West Africa

RADICAL MOVEMENTS IN CHINA'S MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE 2ND HALF OF XX CENTURY

The focus of this article is the ethnic conflict and terrorism related to the Muslim minorities in the People's Republic of China (PRC). China is a home to 56 official ethnic minorities, about 10 of whom are Muslim. The most numerous of the Muslim minority are Uighurs and Hui. In spite of the different ethnic origin, language and history they consider themselves as Muslims in a society ruled by the Han majority. After the start of China's Economic Reform and Open Door policy in 1978, the country's Muslims were able to build a dialogue with coreligionists in other countries and become part of the worldwide Muslim community through the implementation of religious prescriptions such as annual pilgrimage. In the specific context of the Chinese society, this process has led not only to a revival of moral and spiritual traditions of these groups, but also to the realization of national identity. The authors conclude that the identity of China's Muslims is closely related to the specific forms of Islam in China which was dominated by the Han non-Muslim majority. In this way the Islamic radicalism can be seen as the movement against the state which is perceived as the threat to their national and religious identity. It explains the popularity of global Islamist movements such as Al-Qaeda which calls for global jihad as the protection of Islamic identity and transfers the combat experience to the local radical organizations. The research is based on wide range of sources in Chinese, English and Russian

GENEZIS OF RADICAL ISLAMIC IDEOLOGY (VII - XX CENTURIES)

The problem of genesis of the ideology of radical Islamic organizations, is actually very important. That's why it is necessary to perform the development of the concept of political authority in Sunni Islam since the death of the prophet Muhammad to the early XX century, when was born the first modem radical Islamic organization the "Society of the Muslim Brothers" in Egypt. During the study, we conclude that the main cause of genesis of the ideology of radical Islamic organizations of the XX early XXI century was a fundamental divergence between the theories of Sunni Sharia and political practice. Theoretically, the head of the Muslim community Caliph should have full religious and political power in the community, but from the middle of VII century religious and political power in the Sunni community almost never focused in the same hands. This was, according to the ideologues of radical Islam, the cause of moral degradation of the Muslims, which led to the political decline of the world of Islam, which resulted in colonial dependence on Western countries. The basis for the research is based on analysis of the main sources of Islam the Qur'an and Sunnah and the writings of Muslim authors as Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyyah and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, that are used by radical Islamic organizations of the XX early XXI century as the base for their ideology. The study concludes that the ideology of radical Islamic organizations of the XX early XXI century is quite different from those of the sources it appeals to

RADICAL MOVEMENTS IN CHINA'S MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE 2ND HALF OF XX CENTURY

The focus of this article is the ethnic conflict and terrorism related to the Muslim minorities in the People's Republic of China (PRC). China is a home to 56 official ethnic minorities, about 10 of whom are Muslim. The most numerous of the Muslim minority are Uighurs and Hui. In spite of the different ethnic origin, language and history they consider themselves as Muslims in a society ruled by the Han majority. After the start of China's Economic Reform and Open Door policy in 1978, the country's Muslims were able to build a dialogue with coreligionists in other countries and become part of the worldwide Muslim community through the implementation of religious prescriptions such as annual pilgrimage. In the specific context of the Chinese society, this process has led not only to a revival of moral and spiritual traditions of these groups, but also to the realization of national identity. The authors conclude that the identity of China's Muslims is closely related to the specific forms of Islam in China which was dominated by the Han non-Muslim majority. In this way the Islamic radicalism can be seen as the movement against the state which is perceived as the threat to their national and religious identity. It explains the popularity of global Islamist movements such as Al-Qaeda which calls for global jihad as the protection of Islamic identity and transfers the combat experience to the local radical organizations. The research is based on wide range of sources in Chinese, English and Russian

GENEZIS OF RADICAL ISLAMIC IDEOLOGY (VII - XX CENTURIES)

The problem of genesis of the ideology of radical Islamic organizations, is actually very important. That's why it is necessary to perform the development of the concept of political authority in Sunni Islam since the death of the prophet Muhammad to the early XX century, when was born the first modem radical Islamic organization the "Society of the Muslim Brothers" in Egypt. During the study, we conclude that the main cause of genesis of the ideology of radical Islamic organizations of the XX early XXI century was a fundamental divergence between the theories of Sunni Sharia and political practice. Theoretically, the head of the Muslim community Caliph should have full religious and political power in the community, but from the middle of VII century religious and political power in the Sunni community almost never focused in the same hands. This was, according to the ideologues of radical Islam, the cause of moral degradation of the Muslims, which led to the political decline of the world of Islam, which resulted in colonial dependence on Western countries. The basis for the research is based on analysis of the main sources of Islam the Qur'an and Sunnah and the writings of Muslim authors as Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyyah and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, that are used by radical Islamic organizations of the XX early XXI century as the base for their ideology. The study concludes that the ideology of radical Islamic organizations of the XX early XXI century is quite different from those of the sources it appeals to

RADICAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS IN WEST AFRICA: THE GENESIS, CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The issue of formation and activity of radical Islamic organizations in West Africa is one of the most relevant for the study of trends in development of the region and the ways of development of the various trends in contemporary Islam. In this context, the study of the genesis, ideological and social base, as well as the main activities of the most numerous and active radical Islamic organizations in the West African region, such as Boko Haram, Ansar al-Din, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and some others are important and demanded. After the events of the Arab Spring of 2011 and because of the revitalization of the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham and al-Qaeda in Africa, the role and influence of the aforementioned organizations in the Sahel-Saharan region has undergone significant changes. The role and influence of local radical groups increased significantly in the context of a weak economic base, ecological problems, low standard of living, a large property polarization of society, systemic corruption, increasing drug trafficking, the presence of unresolved ethnic and religious conflicts, weak inter community relations and, as a consequence, the ineffectiveness of the government and the vacuum of values. Their leaders are using populist slogans of social justice, borrowed from the global Islamic organizations such as al-Qaeda and ISIS. This often means the transfer of global concepts to local soil when the practices of action are borrowed while the ideological component is either lost or exposed to distortion and erroneous interpretations. The research is based on media materials, analytical articles, political reviews in English, French, and Russian. It is also based on the analysis of scientific articles and monographs on the subject of radical Islam in the countries of North and West Africa

Diagnosis of the nutritional value of colostrum in cows of different milk yield

When forming in an organism of a newborn calf of tentative immunity, the main source of immunoglobulins, a lysozyme, the functionally active leukocytes and lymphocytes, a colostrum is. The quality of a colostrum is a very important condition for formation of full-fledged immunity. A number of scientists claim that cows of different lactic breeds considerably differ on the level of lactic efficiency, at the same time the mass fraction of immunoglobulins negatively correlates with amount of colostrum at the first milking. Studying of dynamics of quality of a colostrum depending on the size of a milk yielding of cows for a lactation was a primal problem of researches. As an object of researches served the cows of four breeds divorced in the Samara region: Black Pied breeds, Bestuzhev, Holstein and Ayrshire. It is established that the content of immunoglobulins in a colostrum of the first yield of milk at cows of different breeds changes under the influence of the level of lactic efficiency and also with the animals' age. The highest content of immunoglobulins was in a colostrum of Bestuzhev breed – 103.35-81.38 g/l, and the lowest at Holstein breed – 74.52-42.29 g/l. Immunoglobulins of a colostrum are divided into three classes – IgG, IgA, IGM. In a colostrum of the first milk yielding of cows of Black Pied breed the share of IgG makes 84.1-85.5%, Bestuzhev breed – 85.7-86.3%, Holstein – 83.9-84.4%, Ayrshire – 85.7-86.6%. The tendency of increase in a share of IgG, in process of increase in milk yields of cows for a lactation is noted. It is established that at increase in level of lactic efficiency of cows, the quality of a colostrum decreases and the number of incidence of calves increases. As a result, the size of average daily gain of young growth live weight proportionally decreases. On the basis of the received results we recommend to estimate quality of a colostrum of the first milk yield by means of an optical or digital refractometer. Carry out the targeted selection work with breeds in the direction of colostrum upgrading

Protective properties of recombinant IgA1 protease from meningococcus

The study of enzymatic and protective properties of recombinant IgA1 protease in active and mutant form has shown that the active form of IgA1 protease exhibited species- and type-specificity for mouse and human immunoglobulins. A mutant form, lacking enzymatic activity, had protective properties against meningococcal infection, induced by meningococcus serogroup A, B and C; it protected mice from lethal infection by live virulent cultures of heterologous serogroups of meningococcus. The results obtained in this study suggest that IgA1 protease may be considered as a perspective preparation at the stages of development of a polyvalent vaccine for protection of human against meningococcal infections of various etiology. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd