NINA FEDOROVNA SILYAEVA - TEACHER, SCIENTIST AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGIST (TO THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY)

The 26th of December, 2018 is the 80th birthday anniversary of the excellent health worker, labor veteran, wellknown pathologist, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy (1991-2000), doctor of medical sciences, professor Nina Feodorovna Silyaeva, who worked for more than forty years in Grodno State Medical Institute (University). The article presents the biography and scientific activities of Nina Fedorovna, her life period starting from her being a secondary school pupil till her working as the Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy

Power supply of autonomous systems using solar modules

The article shows the methods of constructing autonomous decentralized energy systems from solar modules. It shows the operation of up DC inverter. It demonstrates the effectiveness of DC inverters with varying structure. The system has high efficiency and low level of conductive impulse noise and at the same time the system is practically feasible. Electrical processes have been analyzed to determine the characteristics of operating modes of the main circuit elements. Recommendations on using the converters have been given

Alcohol Consumption Among Older Adults in Primary Care

BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is a growing public health concern for older adults, particularly among primary care patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine alcohol consumption patterns and the characteristics associated with at-risk drinking in a large sample of elderly primary care patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of multisite screening data from 6 VA Medical Centers, 2 hospital-based health care networks, and 3 Community Health Centers. PARTICIPANTS: Patients, 43,606, aged 65 to 103 years, with scheduled primary care appointments were approached for screening; 27,714 (63.6%) consented to be screened. The final sample of persons with completed screens comprised 24,863 patients. MEASUREMENTS: Quantity and frequency of alcohol use, demographics, social support measures, and measures of depression/anxiety. RESULTS: Of the 24,863 older adults screened, 70.0% reported no consumption of alcohol in the past year, 21.5% were moderate drinkers (1–7 drinks/week), 4.1% were at-risk drinkers (8–14 drinks/week), and 4.5% were heavy (>14 drinks/week) or binge drinkers. Heavy drinking showed significant positive association with depressive/anxiety symptoms [Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 1.79 (1.30, 2.45)] and less social support [OR (95% CI): 2.01 (1.14, 2.56)]. Heavy drinking combined with binging was similarly positively associated with depressive/anxiety symptoms [OR (95%): 1.70 (1.33, 2.17)] and perceived poor health [OR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.03, 1.57)], while at-risk drinking was not associated with any of these variables. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of participants were nondrinkers; among alcohol users, at-risk drinkers did not differ significantly from moderate drinkers in their characteristics or for the 3 health parameters evaluated. In contrast, heavy drinking was associated with depression and anxiety and less social support, and heavy drinking combined with binge drinking was associated with depressive/anxiety symptoms and perceived poor health

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЙ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The paper considers problems pertaining to evaluation of competitiveness of automotive enterprises in the field of international consignments. An economic model for determination of the integral AE competitiveness is proposed in the paper and the model permits to substitute an expert estimation in respect of some factors by their qualitative calculation on the basis of data on enterprise activity in the international consignment market.Рассмотрены вопросы оценки конкурентоспособности автотранспортных предприятий в сфере международных грузовых перевозок. Предложена экономическая модель определения интегральной конкурентоспособности АТП, позволяющая заменить экспертную оценку весов отдельных факторов количественным расчетом на основе информации о результатах работы предприятий на рынке международных перевозок грузов

МЕТОДИКА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

The paper considers economic principles on enterprise potential management and its competitiveness.  Elements of the enterprise economic potential that permit to select an efficient strategy of an organization behaviour are presented in the paper. The paper proposes a methodology for determination of enterprise potential competitiveness on the basis of the existing standard indices and various competitiveness levels.Рассмотрены экономические основы управления потенциалом предприятия и его конкурентоспособностью. Исследованы элементы модели экономического потенциала предприятия, позволяющие выбрать успешную стратегию поведения организации. Предложена методика определения конкурентоспособности потенциала предприятия на основе нахождения нормативных показателей и различных уровней конкурентоспособности

Morphological features of chronic virus-associated gastritis and duodenitis

Aim of investigation. To estimate the prevalence rate of Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stomach and duodenal mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis and chronic duodenitis of different age, and to analyze the correlation between morphological scores and pattern of mucosa infection. Material and methods. The original study included 116 patients (66 children and 50 adults) with the verified chronic gastritis and chronic gastroduodenitis. All patients underwent upper endoscopy with biopsy of the stomach and duodenal mucosa. Biopsy samples were processed by the standard technique with hematoxyline and eosine staining of sections. The basic morphological features were estimated by semiquan titative method according to modified Sydney system. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by histological method i.e.: Romanovsky-Gimza stain of biopsy samples. HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV and HPV antigens were determined by streptavidin-biotin method in paraffin sections. Results. Pathological scores of the stomach and duodenal mucosa are related to the pattern of infection in children and adults. Conclusions. Virus antigens were found in 57% of the studied children and 64% of adults in stomach and duodenal mucosa. Presence of HSV-1 infection alters of the severity and activity of chronic inflammation in stomach mucosa in children and adults

Results of immunohistochemistry diagnostics of breast cancer in the region of Grodno with consideration of the BRCA1 gene mutation in triple negative cancer

Background: The results of immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment in breast cancer may determine not only the outcome, but also the main directions of antitumor treatment.Aim: To study the results of IHC diagnosis of breast cancer in the Grodno region in 2010 to 2015, to determine the frequency of the BRCA1 gene mutations in triple-negative breast cancer.Materials and methods: 2008 cases of estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive and 2445 cases of HER2/neu expressing breast cancer were extracted from the database and IHC laboratory journals of the Grodno Regional Clinical Bureau for Pathological Anatomy. Standard DAKO kits (Denmark) were used for IHC. Molecular genetic studies of DNA samples for the presence of the BRCA genes mutations were done by polymerase chain reaction in 449 women with breast cancer. BRCA1 mutation was assessed in 39 cases of triple-negative breast cancer.Results: HER2/neu overexpression (3+) was found in 25.5% (622/2445) of all breast cancer cases, whereas of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positive tumors in 50.05% (1105/2008) of cases. Triple negative breast cancer was diagnosed in 19.8% (398/2008) of cases, and the mean age of the patients at the diagnosis was 56.2 years. The BRCA1 gene mutations were identified in 5 of 39 (12.8%) cases of triple negative breast cancer, which is significantly more often than in women with breast cancer without consideration of their hereditary predisposition (17/449, or 3.8%; χ2 = 4.87, p = 0.0274). Histological examination showed that among the tumors with the BRCA1 mutations, there were 3 cases with invasive ductal cancer (one G2 and two G3), one with medullary and one with undifferentiated G3 cancer. One patient had a metachronous bilateral lesion.Conclusion: In the region of Grodno, 50% of breast cancer patients would need hormonal therapy, 25% would need treatment with trastuzumab, and 20% with cytostatic agents. The prevalence of the BRCA1 mutation in triple negative breast cancer is higher compared to that in breast cancer patients without consideration of their hereditary predisposition