Intergenerational Mobility of Income: The Case of Chile 1996-2006

Using the largest household panel data available in Chile we investigate intergenerational mobility of income during the decade 1996-2006. Following recent literature we control our estimates by time-series variation in intergenerational mobility. In addition, we control for sample selection following new weight adjusting methods proposed for intergenerational mobility analysis using longitudinal data. Our results indicate low income mobility compared with developing countries and that income elasticities are higher for men. Furthermore, a cohort analysis suggests that intergenerational mobility decreased with time.Chile, income mobility, intergenerational mobility

A Comparison Between Coupled and Decoupled Vehicle Motion Controllers Based on Prediction Models

In this work, a comparative study is carried out with two different predictive controllers that consider the longitudinal jerk and steering rate change as additional parameters, as additional parameters, so that comfort constraints can be included. Furthermore, the approaches are designed so that the effect of longitudinal and lateral motion control coupling can be analyzed. This way, the first controller is a longitudinal and lateral coupled MPC approach based on a kinematic model of the vehicle, while the second is a decoupled strategy based on a triple integrator model based on MPC for the longitudinal control and a double proportional curvature control for the lateral motion control. The control architecture and motion planning are exhaustively explained. The comparative study is carried out using a test vehicle, whose dynamics and low-level controllers have been simulated using the realistic simulation environment Dynacar. The performed tests demonstrate the effectiveness of both approaches in speeds higher than 30 km/h, and demonstrate that the coupled strategy provides better performance than the decoupled one. The relevance of this work relies in the contribution of vehicle motion controllers considering the comfort and its advantage over decoupled alternatives for future implementation in real vehicles.This work has been conducted within the ENABLE-S3 project that has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No 692455. This work was developed at Tecnalia Research & Innovation facilities supporting this research

Notes on Causation, Comparison, and Regression

Comparison and contrast are the basic means to unveil causation and learn which treatments work. To build good comparison groups that isolate the average effect of treatment from confounding factors, randomization is key, yet often infeasible. In such non-experimental settings, we illustrate and discuss diagnostics to assess how well the common linear regression approach to causal inference approximates desirable features of randomized experiments, such as covariate balance, study representativeness, interpolated estimation, and unweighted analyses. We also discuss alternative regression modeling, weighting, and matching approaches and argue they should be given strong consideration in empirical work

Multiply Robust Federated Estimation of Targeted Average Treatment Effects

Federated or multi-site studies have distinct advantages over single-site studies, including increased generalizability, the ability to study underrepresented populations, and the opportunity to study rare exposures and outcomes. However, these studies are challenging due to the need to preserve the privacy of each individual's data and the heterogeneity in their covariate distributions. We propose a novel federated approach to derive valid causal inferences for a target population using multi-site data. We adjust for covariate shift and covariate mismatch between sites by developing multiply-robust and privacy-preserving nuisance function estimation. Our methodology incorporates transfer learning to estimate ensemble weights to combine information from source sites. We show that these learned weights are efficient and optimal under different scenarios. We showcase the finite sample advantages of our approach in terms of efficiency and robustness compared to existing approaches.Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 202

Persistencia de las familias y sus modos de vida, en el departamento de Pilcaniyeu, Provincia de Río Negro

Tesis para obtener el grado académico de Doctor, presentada al Instituto de Sociología y Estudios Campesinos de la Universidad de Córdoba (España), en diciembre de 2014Las familias de la región sur de Río Negro representan una situación particular en el uso de los recursos naturales, su cultura, sus relaciones económicas, políticas y sociales; que son, recursos particulares y generales de otros grupos humanos de la Patagonia. Las familias presentan una diversidad de estrategias productivas y de pervivencia con una racionalidad que les es propia. Para poder comprender acabadamente estas relaciones, se hace necesario analizar de una manera holística la producción y reproducción de estas familias. Con ello se pretende visualizar el grado de sustentabilidad de los sistemas familiares desde esta marco teórico pluriepistemológico y multidimensional (ecológico, social, económico, cultural y político) desde una mirada histórica y actual, con el fin de poder aportar los elementos para la transformación social. Estas familias son de origen mapuche, la etnia más numerosa de la argentina, que a partir de las distintas formas de sometimiento del estado nación argentino desde mediados del siglo XIX, siguen estando presentes y con una mirada reivindicativa desde hace unos treinta años a esta parte (Ley Integral del Indígena Nº 22871 1988, (Malvestitti, 2014:4)).(Art. 422: Reforma constitucional de la provincia de Rio Negro: 1988) (Ley nacional 26.160/20063, de reivindicación histórica de los pueblos originarios de la Argentina)Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Zubizarreta, Jose Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentin

A Fail-Operational Control Architecture Approach and Dead-Reckoning Strategy in Case of Positioning Failures

Presently, in the event of a failure in Automated Driving Systems, control architectures rely on hardware redundancies over software solutions to assure reliability or wait for human interaction in takeover requests to achieve a minimal risk condition. As user confidence and final acceptance of this novel technology are strongly related to enabling safe states, automated fall-back strategies must be assured as a response to failures while the system is performing a dynamic driving task. In this work, a fail-operational control architecture approach and dead-reckoning strategy in case of positioning failures are developed and presented. A fail-operational system is capable of detecting failures in the last available positioning source, warning the decision stage to set up a fall-back strategy and planning a new trajectory in real time. The surrounding objects and road borders are considered during the vehicle motion control after failure, to avoid collisions and lane-keeping purposes. A case study based on a realistic urban scenario is simulated for testing and system verification. It shows that the proposed approach always bears in mind both the passenger’s safety and comfort during the fall-back maneuvering execution.This research was funded by AutoDrive within the Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership Joint Undertaking (ECSEL JU) in collaboration with the European Union’s H2020 Framework Programme (H2020/2014-2020) and National Authorities, under grant agreement number 737469