Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit-based kombucha

Kombucha is a fermented drink made out of tea leaves, although recently other alternatives were considered as substitutes, such as fruits. Using different types of fruit could affect the characteristics of fruit-based kombucha. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit-based kombucha through a Randomized Block Design with the type of fruit (red dragon fruit, apple, snake fruit, strawberries, grapes, pear, red guava, and citrus) as the factor. The produced kombucha drinks were analyzed and compared for pH, total sugar, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and total microbes. Statistical tests such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Different (LSD) were employed (α = 5%). Results revealed that physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kombucha were significantly related to the type of fruit with snake fruit kombucha showing the optimal results of each characteristics as follows: total acetic acid bacteria and yeasts of 1.53×109 CFU/mL, pH of 3.07, total sugar of 2.41%, total phenol of 1006.85 μg/mL GAE, total flavonoids of 1.75 mg QE/mL, and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity of 5.46 μg/mL. Fermented fruit-based kombuchas are regarded as healthy substitutes to traditional kombucha as they offer rich source of nutrients that enhance human well-being

Pengaruh Waktu Pirolisa Terhadap Persen Yield Dan Kualitas Asap Cair Bambu

Asap cair telah banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet pada industri pangan dan sebagai penggumpal lateks pada industri perkebunan, oleh sebab itu pada penelitian ini dibuat asap cair. Asap cair dapat dibuat menggunakan bahan baku bambu. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan seperangkat alat pirolisa dan kompor listrik sebagai pemanas. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pirolisa terhadap % yield dan kualitas asap cair bambu yang dihasilkan. Variasi waktu pirolisa yang digunakan yaitu 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu pirolisa maka % yield yang dihasilkan semakin besar. Selain itu juga mempengaruhi kualitas asap cair karena semakin lama waktu pirolisa maka reaksi dekomposisi semakin sempurna. Waktu optimum untuk mendapatkan asap cair dengan % yield terbesar adalah pada waktu 5 jam, didapat % yield 31,20 %, dengan density 1,0064 gr/mL, total fenol 0,4134 %, dan total asam 6,7872 %

Influence of organic and inorganic soil amendments on corn root growth and soil chemical properties

One of the main constraints to corn production on a highly weathered acid soil is aluminum (Al) toxicity. High Al concentration in acid soils restricts root growth by inhibiting cell elongation and cell division. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of inorganic arid organic soil amendments on corn root growth and soil chemical properties A laboratory experiment was conducted using Bungor series soil (Typic Paleudult) surface sampled (0 - 20 cm) from Puchong farm. Aliquot of the soil (600 g) was treated with legume residues (1% w/w), chicken manure (1% w/w), GML (4 t had), gypsum (4 t ha-1) and control The treated soils were moistened at field capacity (0 25 kg H20 kg-1 soil) and allowed to react for 7 days. Corn seeds (Zea mays L.) were sown and after 5 days root length was measured The results showed that soils amended with GML or chicken manure gave relatively high root length compared to other treatments. The GML and chicken manure treatments increased soil pH and decreased both the soil exchangeable Al and Al-saturation Chicken manure had an additional ameliorative effect over lime in that it increased soil exchangeable Ca, Mg and K

Sauerkraut inoculated with Lactobacillus casei as a potent immunomodulator in Escherichia coli infected mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory property of sauerkraut (in the presence and absence of Lactobacillus casei culture) on Escherichia coli infected Balb -C mice. Fermentation of freshly washed, shredded cabbage was fulfilled by adding 2% salt to prepare ‘sauerkraut control’, whereas ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ was prepared by adding 2% salt, 2% sugar and 20% Lactobacillus casei culture. After incubation for five days at room temperature, fermented sauerkrauts were tested in vivo on mice and the stimulation process was carried out orally for 19 days. Both ‘sauerkraut control’ and ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ have shown an increased number of T cell populations namely: CD4+ CD8+ IFN-γ + , TNF-α + . These findings were associated with enhanced performance of macrophages and reduction in a number of CD68+ IL-6 + cell populations [a proinflammatory cytokine]. The impact of the immunomodulatory property of inoculated sauerkraut was higher compared to control sauerkraut

Determination of Cod, Ph and Color Intensity on Songket Industrial Waste Using Tea Dregs as Adsorbent

The activities of textile industry is often pollute the surrounding environment. It also occurs in industrial of Palembang Weaving Songket. It influences the acidity and colored of the water. To manage this condition, the colored wastewater using adsorbents that absorbed from tea dregs. This study aimed to determine the effect of tea dregs adsorbent for wastewater quality improvement Songket industry. The Method of treatment of wastewater is used Batch system, which the wastewater is placed in a container by adding the adsorbent from the dregs of tea. The used of variable is the absorption time for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours, with the composition of adsorbent mass 5 gr, 10 gr, and 15 gr. Tea dregs that used in this study has the 19.26% of hemicellulose, 39.54% of cellulose and lignin 20%. It takes four hours for the research in order to obtain maximum results, with tea dregs adsorbent composition that produces a pH smaller than the initial waste 6, COD content of 89.41 gr / L, and 3.993 ppm color intensity. Therefore, absorbent from the dregs of tea is very useful for the development of the textile industry, especially for Songket industrials

Penerapan Inkuiri Terpimpin dalam Pembelajaran IPA untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Sosial dan Pengetahuan Siswa Kelas VII

The research is to develop students' social attitude and knowledge. The research type used is Classroom Action Research. The step of each cycle includes planning, applying, observing and reflecting. The data of social attitude is got from the observation sheet by the observer and the data of knowlegde is got from the essay test in the last cycle. The finding of the research is to give questions and repeated spiritual guiding can develop students' attitude to be grateful of God's creation. Data intrepretation by reading many sources develop students' understanding. The summary shows that the guided inquiry application develop (1) the average of social attitude 44% and the passing grade 52% (2) the average of knowledge 13% and the passing grade 47%. To suggest that the guided inquiry can be applied by teachers to develop students' social attitude and knowledge.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sikap sosial dan pengetahuan siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas VII-H SMPN 18 Malang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Siklus I dilaksanakan 10 kali pertemuan dan siklus II, 7 kali pertemuan. Masing-masing siklus meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Data sikap sosial diperoleh dari lembar observasi oleh observer dan data pengetahuan diperoleh dari tes uraian di akhir siklus. Temuan dari penelitian adalah, pemberian pertanyaan dan arahan spiritual secara berulang-ulang dapat mengembangkan sikap siswa untuk menyukuri ciptaan Allah. Interpretasi data dengan membaca banyak sumber dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan inkuiri terpimpin meningkatkan (1) rata-rata sikap sosial sebesar 44% dan ketuntasan 52% dan (2) rata-rata pengetahuan sebesar 13% dan ketuntasan 47%. Saran penerapan inkuiri terpimpin dalam pembelajaran IPA dapat dilaksanakan guru untuk meningkatkan sikap sosial dan pengetahuan siswa

Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance Terhadap Luas Pengungkapan Modal Intelektual: Studi Pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan

The aim of this research is to examine the affect of corporate governance mechanism on disclosure of intellectual capital on the banking sector companies. 27 companies were taken as sampleson this research. The objective of this research is to prove the affect of corporate governancemechanism on disclosure of intellectual capital on the banking sector companies. The analyticalmethods used in this research are Partial Least Square (PLS) and test directly (direct effect).Results indicated that the variable of corporate governance was positively affect the disclosureof intellectual capital on the banking sector companies which means all information in companies were disclosed

Ammonium and potassium exchange in acid tropical soil

High precipitation and low soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) of highly weathered acidic tropical soils require large amounts and many rounds of fertilization to increase the potential of these soils from leaching losses of soil ammonium (NH4+) and potassium (K+). This study was conducted to evaluate the exchange properties of natural and synthetic zeolites on soil NH4+ and K+. A Bungor Series soil (Typic Paluedults) was taken from a depth of 0 to 5 cm for this leaching experiment. Each soil treatment was added either with equal amounts of NH4+ or K+ and treated with and without zeolites. The treated soil was then leached with deionised water for 20 days and the soil leachate was collected at 5­day interval, to analyze for NH4+ and K+ concentration. The results of this study showed that all types of zeolites were able to reduce substantial leaching losses of soil NH4+ and K+. The natural zeolites were better than the synthetic zeolites in retaining these cations. The study has demonstrated that zeolites could be used as an effective soil amendment to reduce leaching losses of soil NH4+ and K+ in acid tropical soils with low CEC