11 research outputs found
Social Representations of Hero and Everyday Hero: A Network Study from Representative Samples
The psychological investigation of heroism is relatively new. At this stage, inductive methods can shed light on its main aspects. Therefore, we examined the social representations of Hero and Everyday Hero by collecting word associations from two separate representative samples in Hungary. We constructed two networks from these word associations. The results showed that the social representation of Hero is more centralized and it cannot be divided into smaller units. The network of Everyday Hero is divided into five units and the significance moves from abstract hero characteristics to concrete social roles and occupations exhibiting pro-social values. We also created networks from the common associations of Hero and Everyday Hero. The structures of these networks showed a moderate similarity and the connections are more balanced in case of Everyday Hero. While heroism in general can be the source of inspiration, the promotion of everyday heroism can be more successful in encouraging ordinary people to recognize their own potential for heroic behavior
Emergence of polarized opinions from free association networks
We developed a method that can identify polarized public opinions by finding modules in a network of statistically related free word associations. Associations to the cue “migrant” were collected from two independent and comprehensive samples in Hungary (N1 = 505, N2 = 505). The co-occurrence-based relations of the free word associations reflected emotional similarity, and the modules of the association network were validated with well-established measures. The positive pole of the associations was gathered around the concept of “Refugees” who need help, whereas the negative pole associated asylum seekers with “Violence”. The results were relatively consistent in the two independent samples. We demonstrated that analyzing the modular organization of association networks can be a tool for identifying the most important dimensions of public opinion about a relevant social issue without using predefined constructs
Az endoszkópos ultrahangvizsgálat diagnosztikus érzékenysége epeúti kövesség gyanúja esetén
BevezetĂ©s: Az epeĂşti kövessĂ©g meglĂ©tĂ©nek valĂłszĂnűsĂ©ge kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ klinikai prediktorok alapján megbecsĂĽlhetĹ‘, e faktorok szenzitivitása Ă©s specificitása azonban nem kielĂ©gĂtĹ‘. Az endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálat az epeĂşti kövessĂ©g diagnosztizálásának szemiinvazĂv precĂz eszköze. CĂ©lkitűzĂ©s: CĂ©lunk az endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálat diagnosztikus Ă©rzĂ©kenysĂ©gĂ©nek vizsgálata gyanĂtott epeĂşti kövessĂ©g esetĂ©n. MĂłdszer: A prospektĂv vizsgálat során a betegeket az Amerikai EmĂ©sztĹ‘szervi EndoszkĂłpos Társaság (ASGE) ajánlása szerint meghatározott prediktorok alapján közepes Ă©s magas valĂłszĂnűsĂ©gi csoportokba osztottuk, Ă©s endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálatot, valamint amennyiben szĂĽksĂ©ges volt, endoszkĂłpos retrográd kolangiopankreatográfiát (ERCP) vĂ©geztĂĽnk. EredmĂ©nyek: Ă–sszesen 95 beteget vizsgáltunk. Az endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálat 53 (56%) beteg esetĂ©ben Ărt le epeĂşti kövessĂ©get: 55%-ban (39/71) a közepes valĂłszĂnűsĂ©gi Ă©s 58%-ban (14/24) a magas valĂłszĂnűsĂ©gi csoportban. Az ERCP mindegyik choledocholithiasisos esetet megerĹ‘sĂtette. A kĂ©t valĂłszĂnűsĂ©gi csoport között nem volt szignifikáns kĂĽlönbsĂ©g (p = 0,56) az ERCP által igazolt epeĂşti kövessĂ©g tekintetĂ©ben. Az ERCP csupán 1 esetben detektált epeĂşti kövessĂ©get a negatĂv endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálat ellenĂ©re. Az endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálat specificitása 100%, szenzitivitása 98%, mĂg pozitĂv Ă©s negatĂv prediktĂv Ă©rtĂ©ke 100%, valamint 98% volt. MegbeszĂ©lĂ©s: Az epeĂşti kövessĂ©g meglĂ©tĂ©nek becslĂ©se kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ klinikai prediktorok alapján kihĂvást jelenthet. KövetkeztetĂ©s: Az endoszkĂłpos ultrahangvizsgálat szenzitĂv Ă©s pontos diagnosztikus eszköz a choledocholithiasis kimutatására Ă©s Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©sĂ©re, olyan esetekben is, amelyeknĂ©l az elĹ‘zetes kĂ©palkotĂłk nem találtak kövessĂ©get
Global hubs of the Hero and Everyday Hero networks.
<p>Global hubs of the Hero and Everyday Hero networks.</p
Differentiation between Hero and Everyday Hero.
<p>Differentiation between Hero and Everyday Hero.</p
The social representations of Hero (A) and Everyday Hero (B).
<p>The association networks are visualized with the ForceAtlas 2 layout [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0159354#pone.0159354.ref050" target="_blank">50</a>]. The size of a node denotes the node strength and the thickness of an edge refers to the edge weight. The networks were thresholded (edges below the value of 1 were deleted) for a better visualization. In case of Everyday Hero, nodes with the same color belong to the same module. The hierarchy and descriptive labels of the modules are presented on the dendrogram.</p
Scale-free properties of the Hero (A) and Everyday Hero (B) networks.
<p>The plots show the cumulative distribution functions of the normalized node strengths on log-log scales. The dashed, straight lines represent the Maximum Likelihood Estimation fitting of the data points. The power law exponents (<i>α</i>) for the Hero and Everyday Hero networks are 2.15 and 2.21, respectively.</p
Common associations in the social representations of Hero (A) and Everyday Hero (B).
<p>The associations are arranged in a circular alphabetic order. The size of a node denotes the node strength and the thickness of an edge refers to the edge weight. The network was thresholded (edges below the value of 1 were deleted) for a better visualization.</p