288 research outputs found
Particle Number Fluctuations in the Microcanonical Ensemble
Particle number fluctuations are studied in the microcanonical ensemble. For
the Boltzmann statistics we deduce exact analytical formulae for the
microcanonical partition functions in the case of non-interacting massless
neutral particles and charged particles with zero net charge. The particle
number fluctuations are calculated and we find that in the microcanonical
ensemble they are suppressed in comparison to the fluctuations in the canonical
and grand canonical ensembles. This remains valid in the thermodynamic limit
too, so that the well-known equivalence of all statistical ensembles refers to
average quantities, but does not apply to fluctuations. In the thermodynamic
limit we are able to calculate the particle number fluctuations in the system
of massive bosons and fermions when the exact conservation laws of both the
energy and charge are taken into account.Comment: REVTeX, 17 pages, 9 figures, v3: misprints a correcte
Two dimensional modulational instability in photorefractive media
We study theoretically and experimentally the modulational instability of
broad optical beams in photorefractive nonlinear media. We demonstrate the
impact of the anisotropy of the nonlinearity on the growth rate of periodic
perturbations. Our findings are confirmed by experimental measurements in a
strontium barium niobate photorefractive crystal.Comment: 8 figure
A waveguide atom beamsplitter for laser-cooled neutral atoms
A laser-cooled neutral-atom beam from a low-velocity intense source is split
into two beams while guided by a magnetic-field potential. We generate our
multimode-beamsplitter potential with two current-carrying wires on a glass
substrate combined with an external transverse bias field. The atoms bend
around several curves over a -cm distance. A maximum integrated flux of
is achieved with a current density of
in the 100- diameter
wires. The initial beam can be split into two beams with a 50/50 splitting
ratio
Galactic bars: a look at the point of view of action variables
Мы перевели результаты моделирования баров в N-body экспериментах на язык переменных действия JR, Lz и Jz. Для этого мы использовали пакет AGAMA и формализм, связанный с потенциалом Штеккеля. Переменные действия считались в меняющемся неосесимметричном потенциале модели на различные моменты эволюции бара. Мы обнаружили, что на поздних стадиях эволюции бара максимальные значения JR достигаются на его концах, после чего, при переходе к диску, JR монотонно убывает. Что касается Jz, то максимальные значения Jz фактически очерчивают контуры B/PS балджа, наиболее толстой части бара. Такое поведение переменных действия можно использовать для тестов по выявлению особенностей бара нашей Галактики на основе данных GAIA.We have translated the results of bar modeling in N-body simulations into the language of action variables JR, Lz and Jz. We used the AGAMA package and the formalism associated with the Steckel potential. Action variables were calculated in the changing non axisymmetric potential of the model at different moments of the bar evolution. We found that at the later stages of the bar evolution, the maximum values of JR are reached at its ends, after which, upon going to the disk, JR decreases monotonically. As for Jz, the maximum values of Jz actually outline the B/PS bulge, the thickest part of the bar. Such a behavior of the action variables can be used for tests to identify the features of the bar of our Galaxy based on GAIA data
Classical 5D fields generated by a uniformly accelerated point source
Gauge fields associated with the manifestly covariant dynamics of particles
in spacetime are five-dimensional. In this paper we explore the old
problem of fields generated by a source undergoing hyperbolic motion in this
framework. The 5D fields are computed numerically using absolute time
-retarded Green-functions, and qualitatively compared with Maxwell fields
generated by the same motion. We find that although the zero mode of all fields
coincides with the corresponding Maxwell problem, the non-zero mode should
affect, through the Lorentz force, the observed motion of test particles.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figure
Multiplicity Fluctuations in Hadron-Resonance Gas
The charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations are considered in the canonical
ensemble. The microscopic correlator method is extended to include three
conserved charges: baryon number, electric charge and strangeness. The
analytical formulae are presented that allow to include resonance decay
contributions to correlations and fluctuations. We make the predictions for the
scaled variances of negative, positive and all charged hadrons in the most
central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions for different collision energies from SIS and
AGS to SPS and RHIC.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Wave function recombination instability in cold atom interferometers
Cold atom interferometers use guiding potentials that split the wave function
of the Bose-Einstein condensate and then recombine it. We present theoretical
analysis of the wave function recombination instability that is due to the weak
nonlinearity of the condensate. It is most pronounced when the accumulated
phase difference between the arms of the interferometer is close to an odd
multiple of PI and consists in exponential amplification of the weak ground
state mode by the strong first excited mode. The instability exists for both
trapped-atom and beam interferometers.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Direct observation of nanoscale interface phase in the superconducting chalcogenide KFeSe with intrinsic phase separation
We have used scanning micro x-ray diffraction to characterize different
phases in superconducting KFeSe as a function of temperature,
unveiling the thermal evolution across the superconducting transition
temperature (T32 K), phase separation temperature (T520 K)
and iron-vacancy order temperature (T580 K). In addition to the
iron-vacancy ordered tetragonal magnetic phase and orthorhombic metallic
minority filamentary phase, we have found a clear evidence of the interface
phase with tetragonal symmetry. The metallic phase is surrounded by this
interface phase below 300 K, and is embedded in the insulating texture.
The spatial distribution of coexisting phases as a function of temperature
provides a clear evidence of the formation of protected metallic percolative
paths in the majority texture with large magnetic moment, required for the
electronic coherence for the superconductivity. Furthermore, a clear
reorganization of iron-vacancy order around the T and T is found
with the interface phase being mostly associated with a different iron-vacancy
configuration, that may be important for protecting the percolative
superconductivity in KFeSe.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Induced Coherence and Stable Soliton Spiraling
We develop a theory of soliton spiraling in a bulk nonlinear medium and
reveal a new physical mechanism: periodic power exchange via induced coherence,
which can lead to stable spiraling and the formation of dynamical two-soliton
states. Our theory not only explains earlier observations, but provides a
number of predictions which are also verified experimentally. Finally, we show
theoretically and experimentally that soliton spiraling can be controled by the
degree of mutual initial coherence.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Revealing three-dimensional structure of individual colloidal crystal grain by coherent x-ray diffractive imaging
We present results of a coherent x-ray diffractive imaging experiment
performed on a single colloidal crystal grain. The full three-dimensional (3D)
reciprocal space map measured by an azimuthal rotational scan contained several
orders of Bragg reflections together with the coherent interference signal
between them. Applying the iterative phase retrieval approach, the 3D structure
of the crystal grain was reconstructed and positions of individual colloidal
particles were resolved. As a result, an exact stacking sequence of hexagonal
close-packed layers including planar and linear defects were identified.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
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