3 research outputs found
Chronic Exposure to Beta-Blockers Attenuates Inflammation and Mucin Content in a Murine Asthma Model
Single-dose administration of beta-adrenoceptor agonists produces bronchodilation and inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and is the standard treatment for the acute relief of asthma. However, chronic repetitive administration of beta-adrenoceptor agonists may increase AHR, airway inflammation, and risk of death. Based upon the paradigm shift that occurred with the use of beta-blockers in congestive heart failure, we previously determined that chronic administration of beta-blockers decreased AHR in a murine model of asthma. To elucidate the mechanisms for the beneficial effects of beta-blockers, we examined the effects of chronic administration of several beta-adrenoceptor ligands in a murine model of allergic asthma. Administration of beta-blockers resulted in a reduction in total cell counts, eosinophils, and the cytokines IL-13, IL-10, IL-5, and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage, and attenuated epithelial mucin content and morphologic changes. The differences in mucin content also occurred if the beta-blockers were administered only during the ovalbumin challenge phase, but administration of beta-blockers for 7 days was not as effective as administration for 28 days. These results indicate that in a murine model of asthma, chronic administration of beta-blockers reduces inflammation and mucous metaplasia, cardinal features of asthma that may contribute to airflow obstruction and AHR. Similar to heart failure, our results provide a second disease model in which beta-blockers producing an acutely detrimental effect may provide a therapeutically beneficial effect with chronic administration
Chronic Exposure to Beta-Blockers Attenuates Inflammation and Mucin Content in a Murine Asthma Model
Synaptotagmin 2 Couples Mucin Granule Exocytosis to Ca2+ Signaling from Endoplasmic Reticulum*S⃞
Synaptotagmin 2 (Syt2) functions as a low affinity, fast exocytic
Ca2+ sensor in neurons, where it is activated by Ca2+
influx through voltage-gated channels. Targeted insertion of lacZ
into the mouse syt2 locus reveals expression in mucin-secreting
goblet cells of the airways. In these cells, rapid Ca2+ entry from
the extracellular medium does not contribute significantly to stimulated
secretion (Davis, C. W., and Dickey, B. F. (2008) Annu. Rev. Physiol.
70, 487–512). Nonetheless, Syt2–/– mice show a
severe defect in acute agonist-stimulated airway mucin secretion, and
Syt2+/– mice show a partial defect. In contrast to
Munc13-2–/– mice (Zhu, Y., Ehre, C., Abdullah, L. H.,
Sheehan, J. K., Roy, M., Evans, C. M., Dickey, B. F., and Davis, C. W. (2008)
J. Physiol. (Lond.) 586, 1977–1992),
Syt2–/– mice show no spontaneous mucin accumulation,
consistent with the inhibitory action of Syt2 at resting cytoplasmic
Ca2+ in neurons. In human airway goblet cells, inositol
trisphosphate receptors are found in rough endoplasmic reticulum that closely
invests apical mucin granules, consistent with the known dependence of
exocytic Ca2+ signaling on intracellular stores in these cells.
Hence, Syt2 can serve as an exocytic sensor for diverse Ca2+
signaling systems, and its levels are limiting for stimulated secretory
function in airway goblet cells