A Percepção de estudantes que vivenciam o novo currículo do curso de medicina da UFSCV sobre sua qualidade de vida

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Pediatria

Effects of PACK guide training on the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by primary care clinicians: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in Florianópolis, Brazil

Introduction The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) guide was localised for Brazil, where primary care doctors and nurses were trained to use it. Methods Twenty-four municipal clinics in Florianópolis were randomly allocated to receive outreach training and the guide, and 24 were allocated to receive only the guide. 6666 adult patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were enrolled, and trial outcomes were measured over 12 months, using electronic medical records. The primary outcomes were composite scores of treatment changes and spirometry, and new asthma and COPD diagnosis rates. Results Asthma scores in 2437 intervention group participants were higher (74.8%, 20.4% and 4.8% with scores of 0, 1 and 2, respectively) than in 2633 control group participants (80.0%, 16.8% and 3.2%) (OR for higher score 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61, p=0.006). Adjusted for asthma scores recorded in each clinic before training started, the OR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.50, p=0.022). COPD scores in 1371 intervention group participants (77.7%, 17.9% and 4.3% with scores of 0, 1 and 2) did not differ from those in 1181 control group participants (80.5%, 15.8% and 3.7%) (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.55, p=0.142). Rates of new asthma and COPD diagnoses, and hospital admission, and indicators of investigation, diagnosis and treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression, and tobacco cessation did not differ between trial arms. Conclusion PACK training increased guideline-based treatment and spirometry for asthma but did not affect COPD or comorbid conditions, or diagnosis rates

Same-day initiation of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru (ImPrEP): a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicentre implementation study.

BACKGROUND: Although gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women have the highest HIV burden in Latin America, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation is poor. We aimed to assess the feasibility of same-day oral PrEP delivery in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. METHODS: Implementation PrEP (ImPrEP) was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicentre PrEP implementation study conducted in Brazil (14 sites), Mexico (four sites), and Peru (ten sites). MSM and transgender women were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or older, HIV-negative, and reported one or more prespecified criteria. Enrolled participants received same-day initiation of daily oral PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [300 mg] coformulated with emtricitabine [200 mg]). Follow-up visits were scheduled at week 4 and quarterly thereafter. We used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with early loss to follow-up (not returning after enrolment), PrEP adherence (medication possession ratio ≥0·6), and long-term PrEP engagement (attending three or more visits within 52 weeks). This study is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, U1111-1217-6021. FINDINGS: From Feb 6, 2018, to June 30, 2021, 9979 participants were screened and 9509 were enrolled (Brazil n=3928, Mexico n=3288, and Peru n=2293). 543 (5·7%) participants were transgender women, 8966 (94·3%) were cisgender men, and 2481 (26·1%) were aged 18-24 years. There were 12 185·25 person-years of follow-up. 795 (8·4%) of 9509 participants had early loss to follow-up, 6477 (68·1%) of 9509 were adherent to PrEP, and 5783 (70·3%) of 8225 had long-term PrEP engagement. Transgender women (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% CI 1·20-2·14), participants aged 18-24 years (1·80, 1·49-2·18), and participants with primary education (2·18, 1·29-3·68) had increased odds of early loss to follow-up. Transgender women (0·56, 0·46-0·70), participants aged 18-24 years (0·52, 0·46-0·58), and those with primary education (0·60, 0·40-0·91) had lower odds of PrEP adherence. Transgender women (0·56, 0·45-0·71), participants aged 18-24 years (0·56, 0·49-0·64), and those with secondary education (0·74, 0·68-0·86) had lower odds of long-term PrEP engagement. HIV incidence was 0·85 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0·70-1·03) and was higher for transgender women, participants from Peru, those aged 18-24 years, Black and mixed-race participants, and participants who were non-adherent to PrEP. INTERPRETATION: Same-day oral PrEP is feasible for MSM and transgender women in Latin America. Social and structural determinants of HIV vulnerability need to be addressed to fully achieve the benefits of PrEP. FUNDING: Unitaid, WHO, and Ministries of Health in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. TRANSLATIONS: For the Portuguese and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse desenvolvidas por estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Em um estudo qualitativo sobre a qualidade de vida de estudantes de Medicina, na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, emergiu o tema "Estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse". O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar dados relativos a este tema, na perspectiva de melhorar a qualidade de vida do estudante de Medicina. Seguindo princípios da pesquisa qualitativa, o tema proposto é apresentado com base na análise dos dados empíricos, relativos a depoimentos selecionados do conjunto de dados dos 25 participantes do estudo e no diálogo com a literatura. Entre os que desenvolveram estratégias, as apontadas incluíam valorização dos relacionamentos interpessoais e de fenômenos do cotidiano, equilíbrio entre estudo e lazer, organização do tempo, cuidados com a saúde, alimentação e o sono, prática de atividade física, religiosidade, trabalhar a própria personalidade para lidar com situações adversas e procura por assistência psicológica. Sugere-se maior preocupação dos envolvidos na educação médica com a qualidade de vida do estudante de Medicina e o desenvolvimento de estratégias para promovê-la ou que preparem o estudante para lidar com o estresse durante a formação médica

Integrating primary care of chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Brazil: Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK Brazil): study protocol for randomised controlled trials

Background: Multimorbidity is increasing common in Brazilian adults. Comorbid chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes are often inaccurately diagnosed or ineffectively treated. The Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) aims to strengthen health systems to prevent and control non-communicable diseases through primary health care. The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK Adult) is a clinical decision support tool that provides evidence-supported algorithmic guidelines for screening, diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases, and is widely used in South Africa. It was adapted for Brazil by family physicians in the Florianopolis City Health Department, which trains clinic doctors and nurses to use it. Methods: Effectiveness of PACK Adult training will be evaluated in two pragmatic cluster randomised trials, one enrolling adults with chronic lower respiratory diseases and the other enrolling adults with cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Forty eight municipal clinics in Florianopolis were randomly allocated to intervention or control arms. In intervention arm clinics, doctors and nurses will receive educational outreach training and the PACK Adult clinical decision support tool. In control arm clinics, doctors and nurses will receive only the tool. Trial outcomes will be measured using patients’ electronic medical records during 12 months after completion of basic training. Primary outcomes for the respiratory trial are appropriate prescribing, spirometry and diagnosis rates. Primary outcomes for the cardiovascular trial are testing for cardiovascular risk and diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. Educational outreach to primary care professionals could improve respiratory, cardiovascular and diabetes care in Brazil

Avaliação de um sistema simplificado de tratamento de esgotos visando a utilização em áreas rurais Evaluation of a simple system of wastewater treatment aiming at use in rural areas

O Brasil enfrenta sérios problemas relacionados a uma grande população que vive na área rural, lançando os esgotos diretamente nos corpos hídricos. Este comportamento contribui a olhos vistos com a degradação do meio ambiente, além de trazer impasses à saúde pública; nesses casos, o emprego de sistemas de tratamento simplificados seria muito vantajoso, pois poderia depurar os esgotos dessas comunidades rurais a um custo baixo e ser operado e construído pela própria mão-de-obra local, embora pouco qualificada. Um dos sistemas estudados na UNICAMP e que se enquadra nessas características é, sem dúvida, a associação dos filtros anaeróbios com filtros de areia. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que o efluente gerado apresentava valores de matéria orgânica inferiores ao limite máximo estipulado pela legislação pertinente (CONAMA, 2005). Quanto aos compostos nitrogenados, demonstrou-se que os leitos de areia tinham grande capacidade de nitrificá-los e, no tocante ao fósforo, ressalta-se que nas maiores profundidades de leito de areia (0,75 e 1,00 m), a remoção superava 98%.<br>Brazil faces problems related to the large population which lives in the rural areas and discharges the wastewater directly into water bodies. This occurrence contributes not only to environmental damage but also to public health problems. In this case, the use of simple treatments would be beneficial, since the local wastewater could be treated with low cost and be built and operated by local labor even though it is not specialized. A system investigated in UNICAMP and which has these characteristics is, undoubtedly, the association of anaerobic filters with sand filters. The results from the research showed that the effluent had an organic matter concentration lower than the maximum permitted by Brazilian law (Brasil, 2005). Regarding the nitrogen compounds, the sand filters showed a great capacity of nitrification and, in reference to phosphorus, in the deepest depths (0.75 and 1.00 m), the removal was more than 98