3 research outputs found

    Die Blockade des CXCR2/CXCL2 Signalweges als therapeutischer Ansatz im Glioblastoma multiforme

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    EINLEITUNG Das Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) ist ein extrem wandlungsfĂ€higer und aggressiver Tumor und stellt Forscher immer wieder vor Herausforderungen. Es existieren bereits zahlreiche AnsĂ€tze zur Therapie dieses Hirntumors. Die derzeit etablierte Standardtherapie verlĂ€ngert das mittlere Überleben der PatientInnen bisher aber nur um wenige Monate. Neue experimentelle AnsĂ€tze rĂŒcken deshalb immunologische und anti-angiogene Therapien in den Vordergrund. Die ĂŒber Chemokine vermittelte Chemotaxis ist unter anderem Teil des Immunsystems, Chemokine können aber auch angiogene Wirkung entfalten. Die Signalachse ĂŒber CXCR2/CXCL2 stellt einen alternativen Angiogenesesignalweg im Glioblastom dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erforschung eines neuen therapeutischen Ansatzes zur Verlangsamung des Tumorwachstums durch die Blockade des CXCR2-Signalwegs ĂŒber den small-molecule Inhibitor SB225002. METHODEN GL261 Glioblastomzellen wurden intrakraniell in ein syngenes Mausmodell implantiert. Der Antagonist wurde mittels osmotischer Minipumpen direkt in den Ventrikel appliziert. Der 14- bzw. 7-tĂ€gige Behandlungszeitraum wurde am Tag der Tumorzellimplantation bzw. nach 14-tĂ€giger Tumorwachstumsphase begonnen. Die Tumorvolumina wurden mittels MRT vor Therapiestart und am Ende des Behandlungszeitraumes gemessen. Anschließend wurden die Gewebeproben immunhistochemisch gefĂ€rbt und MolekĂŒle des Signalweges, GefĂ€ĂŸe, Zellen der perivaskulĂ€ren Nische und Proliferations- und Apoptosemarker ausgewertet und verglichen. GL261 wurden außerdem in vitro mit SB225002 inkubiert und anschließend in Proliferationsassays analysiert. Die Expression der Gene des Signalweges wurden nach Antagonisttherapie mittels real time-PCR ausgewertet. ERGEBNISSE Die Therapie mit SB225002 fĂŒhrte zu signifikant reduzierten Tumorvolumina um 51% nach Tumorzellimplantation mit simultanem Therapiebeginn. Nach CXCR2-Blockade der etablierten Tumore im zweiten Versuchsaufbau waren die Tumorvolumina um 47% reduziert. Die Anzahl der Mikroglia und GefĂ€ĂŸe war nach CXCR2-Blockade durch den Antagonisten signifikant reduziert wohingegen CXCR2, CXCL2, Proliferations- und Apoptose-Marker keine VerĂ€nderungen zeigten. Die Proliferation von Tumor- und Endothelzellen war in vitro nach Behandlung mit dem CXCR2-Antagonisten signifikant reduziert, bei den Glioblastomzellen war der beobachtete Effekt grĂ¶ĂŸer. Die Behandlung der Tumorzellen mit dem small-molecule Inhibitor verĂ€nderte außerdem die Expression der Gene des CXCR2-Signalweges in Tumor- und Endothelzellen. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG Die Blockade des CXCR2/CXCL2 Signalweges im GBM-Mausmodell resultiert in einer reduzierten TumorgrĂ¶ĂŸe, sowohl im Anfangsstadium als auch in der exponentiellen Tumorwachstumsphase. Der small-molecule Antagonist SB225002 reprĂ€sentiert somit einen erfolgsversprechenden neuen Therapieansatz. Tiefergehende Untersuchungen des Signalweges und Studien zu Kombinationstherapien sind nötig, um die Etablierung einer lebenszeitverlĂ€ngernden Therapie des Glioblastoma multiforme voranzutreiben.INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous tumor entities and is still a challenge for clinicians and scientists in the development of new therapy strategies. Under current standard therapies, patients’ overall survival improves only for a few months. New approaches in GBM therapy relate to immunological and anti-angiogenic strategies. The chemokine system and its receptors are part of the immune system but can also act as an alternative angiogenic mediator. Specifically, CXCL2 and its receptor CXCR2 could be identified as an alternative signaling pathway regulating angiogenesis in GBM. This study investigated the blockage of the CXCR2/CXCL2 signaling axis using the small-molecule inhibitor SB225002 as a new therapeutic approach in GBM. METHODS GL261 glioma cells were implanted intracranially into a syngeneic mouse model. Small-molecule antagonist SB225002 was applied to the ventricle system via osmotic mini pumps. Treatment started either on the day of tumor cell implantation and was administered for 14 days or after two weeks of tumor growth with a shorter treatment period of 7 days. MRI measurements of the tumor volumes were carried out before and after treatment period. Immunofluorescence analysis were conducted focusing on therapy induced changes of the signaling pathway, the tumor vasculature and its perivascular niche with accumulation of tumor associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) as well as the proliferation and apoptosis behavior. In vitro, MTT-proliferation assay as well as gene expression studies were carried out using GL261 glioma cells and endothelial cells. RESULTS Tumor volumes were reduced by 51% when CXCR2 antagonist were administered in the initial growth phase and by 47% starting administration after two weeks of tumor growth. The tumor vasculature was impaired by significantly reduced vessel counts accompanied by reduced accumulation of TAMs, whereas CXCL2/CXCR2 as well as proliferation and apoptosis were unaffected in vivo. CXCR2 antagonization in vitro showed reduced proliferation in MTT-assay of GL261 tumor cells and endothelial cells. Altered gene expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL2 could be detected as well. CONCLUSION The blocking of chemokine receptor CXCR2 resulted in significantly reduced tumor volume in vivo among with diminished vasculature. SB225002, a small-molecule CXCR2 inhibitor, may represent a new and promising treatment strategy in fighting glioblastoma multiforme. Now, further studies and combination strategies are needed to establish effective and life prolonging therapy in GBM

    Tumor-Associated Microglia/Macrophages as a Predictor for Survival in Glioblastoma and Temozolomide-Induced Changes in CXCR2 Signaling with New Resistance Overcoming Strategy by Combination Therapy

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    Tumor recurrence is the main challenge in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Gold standard therapy temozolomide (TMZ) is known to induce upregulation of IL8/CXCL2/CXCR2 signaling that promotes tumor progression and angiogenesis. Our aim was to verify the alterations on this signaling pathway in human GBM recurrence and to investigate the impact of TMZ in particular. Furthermore, a combi-therapy of TMZ and CXCR2 antagonization was established to assess the efficacy and tolerability. First, we analyzed 76 matched primary and recurrent GBM samples with regard to various histological aspects with a focus on the role of TMZ treatment and the assessment of predictors of overall survival (OS). Second, the combi-therapy with TMZ and CXCR2-antagonization was evaluated in a syngeneic mouse tumor model with in-depth immunohistological investigations and subsequent gene expression analyses. We observed a significantly decreased infiltration of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAM) in recurrent tumors, while a high TAM infiltration in primary tumors was associated with a reduced OS. Additionally, more patients expressed IL8 in recurrent tumors and TMZ therapy maintained CXCL2 expression. In mice, enhanced anti-tumoral effects were observed after combi-therapy. In conclusion, high TAM infiltration predicts a survival disadvantage, supporting findings of the tumor-promoting phenotype of TAMs. Furthermore, the combination therapy seemed to be promising to overcome CXCR2-mediated resistance
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