Factors influencing axillary bud induction on nodal segments of Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth.

Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth.is an endemic species from family Lamiaceae. Plants from this family are characterized by presence of secondary metabolites and antioxidant components. M. pulegium contains pulegone which is a potential bio-insecticide and a bio-pesticide. Natural populations of this species are so small that there is a need for an alternative way of propagate and proliferation of individuals. Method of micropropagation was used with the goal of mass production of plants with the chemical composition of essential oils as similar as possible to that in wild-harvested plants. This paper presents the study on influence of concentration of mineral salts, carbon sources (sucrose and maltose) and nitrogen source (casein hydrolysate) on process of in vitro regeneration of plants through induction of axillary buds on the nodal segments of Micromeria pulegium. The greatest number of axillary buds was formed in explants grown on MS culture medium with 3 % sucrose and 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate

Antimicrobial activity of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil against pathogenic microbial strains

A hydro-distilled oil of Satureja hortensis L. was investigated for its antimicrobial activity against a panel of 11 bacterial and three fungal strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the disk-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil of S. hortensis L. showed significant activity against a wide spectrum of Gram (-) bacteria (MIC/MBC=0.025-0.78/0.05-0.78 μl/ml) and Gram (+) bacteria (MIC/MBC=0.05-0.39/0.05-0.78 μl/ml), as well as against fungal strains (MIC/MBC=0.20/0.78 μl/ml). The results indicate that this oil can be used in food conservation, treatment of different diseases of humans, and also for the treatment of plants infected by phytopathogens

Pimpinella tragium Vill. (Apiaceae) – anatomy and essential oil composition

Pimpinella tragium Vill. is a perennial, herbaceous plant inhabiting dry grasslands, limestone rocky areas and screes of wide sense Mediterranean area, east European lowlands and Caucasus. This study explores the anatomical structure, content and composition of the essential oil of the vegetative organs and fruit of this species. The plant material was collected on two localities: the village Izvor (Bosilegrad, Serbia) and Mt. Galičica (FYR Macedonia). The anatomical studies were conducted on permanent slides obtained by standard method of preparation for viewing under a light microscope. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from roots (collected during flowering and fruiting period), aerial parts with inflorescences, and fruits, were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The anatomical analysis revealed a secondary structure of root and primary structure of stem with closed collateral vascular bundles. Leaves are isobilateral, amphistomatic; petiole is with arched vascular bundles and the fruit (mericarp) is semi-circular and lightly ribbed in cross section. Non-glandular unicellular and bicellular cuneate trichomes are sparsely distributed on the stem, leaves and petiole, but very dense on the fruit. Secretory channels are present in all organs: in the parenchyma of the root and stem cortex, stem pith, in the phloem of root and vascular bundles of stem and petiole, by the leaf vascular bundles and in the fruit pericarp. Essential oil yields from different parts of P. tragium ranged from 0.2-1.1% (v/w). The main compounds in the oils from roots (in both stages, from both localities), as well as from aerial parts and fruits from Mt. Galičica are C-12 norsesquiterpenes (trinorsesquiterpenes): pregeijerene (29.0-56.2%) and gejerene (14.1-22.9%), whereas those from aerial parts and fruits from village Izvor are β-bisabolene (19.1-57.2%) and a phenylpropanoid epoxy-pseudoisoeugenyl-2-metohybutyrate (17.4-22.2%). Trinorsesquiterpenes, which were also found to be characteristic constituents in some other Pimpinella species oils, are the most dominant constituents in all investigated oils, except in the oil of fruit from village Izvor. In addition, phenylpropanoids of pseudoisoeugenol type are present in all oils confi rming them as chemical markers of Pimpinella species analysed so far.7th Balkan Botanical Congress, 10-14th September 2018, Novi Sad, Serbi

Robust kHz-linewidth distributed Bragg reflector laser with optoelectronic feedback

We demonstrate a combination of optical and electronic feedback that significantly narrows the linewidth of distributed Bragg reflector lasers (DBRs). We use optical feedback from a long external fiber path to reduce the high-frequency noise of the laser. An electro-optic modulator placed inside the optical feedback path allows us to apply electronic feedback to the laser frequency with very large bandwidth, enabling robust and stable locking to a reference cavity that suppresses low-frequency components of laser noise. The combination of optical and electronic feedback allows us to significantly lower the frequency noise power spectral density of the laser across all frequencies and narrow its linewidth from a free-running value of 1.1 MHz to a stabilized value of 1.9 kHz, limited by the detection system resolution. This approach enables the construction of robust lasers with sub-kHz linewidth based on DBRs across a broad range of wavelengths.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Anatomy and chemical analysis of essential oil of Pimpinella saxifraga l. (Apiaceae)

Koren vrste Pimpinella saxifraga L. se tradicionalno koristi kao ekspektorans, bronhosekretolitik i antiflogistik. Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje anatomske građe, sadržaja i sastava etarskog ulja vegetativnih organa i ploda P. saxifraga. Biljni materijal je sakupljan u jugoistočnoj Srbiji: Bojanine vode (Suva planina) i Ostrovica (Sićevačka klisura). Anatomska analiza izvršena je na trajnim preparatima dobijenim standardnom metodom pripreme za posmatranje pod svetlosnim mikroskopom. Etarska ulja su izolovana iz herbe u cvetu, ploda, korena u fazi cvetanja i plodonošenja, destilacijom vodenom parom i analizirana GC‐FID i GC‐MS metodama. Rezultati anatomske analize su pokazali da je koren sekundarne građe a stablo primarne sa zatvorenim kolateralnim sprovodnim snopićima. Listovi su dorziventralni, hipoamfistomatski, lisna drška je sa lučno raspređenim sprovodnim snopićima, a plodovi (merikarpi) su polukružnog oblika sa slabo izraženim rebrima, bez trihoma. Retke, nežlezdane, višećelijske, uniserijatne trihome sa oštrim vrhom su uočene na stablu, listovima i lisnoj dršci. Sekretorni kanali su brojni u svim organima. Najviši sadržaj etarskog ulja određen je u plodu (1,48‐1,52%), dok su herba (0,13‐0,21%) i koren (0,50‐0,53%) sadržali manju količinu ulja (v/m). Etarska ulja istih organa sa različitih lokaliteta su sličnog kvalitativnog sastava sa manjim kvantitativnim razlikama. U uljima herbe i ploda dominantna jedinjenja su β‐bisabolen (28,8‐76,0%) i epoksi‐pseudoizoeugenil‐2‐metilbutirat (7,7‐21,8 %). Najzastupljenija jedinjenja u uljima korena, u obe faze, su azuleni (31,4‐35,7%) i pregeijeren (13,7‐18,8%). U ispitivanim etarskim uljima različitih organa P. saxifraga utvrđeno je prisustvo trinorseskviterpena (azulena i geijerena) i fenilpropanoidnih jedinjenja pseudoizoeugenil tipa, koja su karakteristični hemijski markeri za etarska ulja biljaka ovog roda.Root of Pimpinella saxifraga L. is traditionally used as expectorant, bronchosecretolytic and antiphlogistic. The aim was investigation of anatomy, content and composition of the essential oils of vegetative organs and fruits. Plant material was collected in South‐Eastern Serbia: Bojanine vode (Mt. Suva planina) and Ostrovica (Sićevo gorge). The anatomical analysis was conducted on permanent slides obtained by standard method of preparation. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from flowering aerial parts, fruits and roots (from flowering and fruiting period) were analysed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS. The anatomical analysis revealed a secondary structure of root and primary structure of stem with closed collateral vascular bundles. The leaves are dorsiventral, hypoamphistomatic and petiole is with arched vascular bundles. The fruit (mericarp) is semi‐circular and lightly ribbed in cross section without trichomes. Rare, nonglandular, multicellular, uniseriate, cuneate trihomes were noted on the stem, leaves and petiole. Secretory channels are numerous in all organs. The highest content of essential oil was determined in the fruits (1.48‐1.52%), while aerial parts (0.13‐0.21%) and roots (0.50‐0.53%) contained a lower amount of oil (v/w). The oils from the same organs originated from different localities were similar in qualitative composition with some quantitative differences. The most dominant constituents in the oils from aerial parts and fruits were β‐bisabolene (28.8‐76.0%) and epoxy‐pseudoisoeugenyl‐2‐methylbutyrate (7.7‐21.8 %), whereas those of the oils from roots, in both stages, were azulenes (31.4‐35,7%) and pregeijerene (13.7‐18.8%). Trinorsesquiterpenes (azulenes and geijerenes) and phenylpropanoid compounds of the pseudoisoegenyl type, which are characteristic chemical markers of the essential oils of the plants of this genus, were present in the all analyzed oils.VII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem: Zajedno stvaramo budućnost farmacije, Beograd, Srbija, 10-14. oktobar 2018

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEDUM RUPESTRE L. SSP. RUPESTRE EPICUTICULAR WAXES: HORTICULTURAL VERSUS THE NATURAL PLANT HABITAT

The aim of this study was to mutually compare the chemical compositions of epicuticular waxes of two different Sedum rupestre ssp. rupestre plant material samples. These were collected during the post fructification vegetative stage from the wild-growing (NH) and cultivated populations (HH). Epicuticular waxes (isolated in the form of hexane washings of leaves and stems) were analyzed using GC-MS, GC-FID and 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR analyses. The epicuticular wax of both samples consisted of only two alkanes and one triterpene: hentriacontane (2.9 and 4.7% in NH and HH samples, respectively), tritriacontane (31.8 and 41.3% in NH and HH samples, respectively) and germanicyl formate (61.1 and 50.5% in NH and HH samples, respectively). Based on the obtained results, it seems that the type of habitat (natural or horticultural) does not affect the qualitative but only the quantitative composition of S. rupestre ssp. rupestre epicuticular waxes. HEMIJSKI SASTAV EPIKUTIKULARNOG VOSKA BILJNE VRSTE SEDUM RUPESTRE L. SSP. RUPESTRE: HORTIKULTURNO I PRIRODNO STANIŠTECilj istraživanja je bio određivanje i upoređivanje hemijskog sastava epikutikularnih voskova dva uzorka vrste S.rupestre ssp. rupestre u vegetativnoj fazi nakon plodonošenja sa različitih lokaliteta i različitih uslova staništa (prirodni, NH, i hortikulturni uslovi, HH). GC-MS, GC-FID i 1D- (1H i 13C) i 2D-NMR analize su korišćene radi identifikacije i kvantifikacije sastojaka epikutikularnih voskova izolovanih u obliku heksanskih ispiraka listova i stabla. Oba uzorka su sadržala hentriakontan (NH 2,9% i HH 3,4 %), tritriakontan (NH 31,8% i HH 41,3%) i triterpen germanicil-formijat (NH 61,1% i HH 50,5%). Upoređivanjem dobijenih rezultata opaža se da uslovi staništa ne utiču na kvalitativni sastav, ali da postoji razlika u kvantitativnom sastavu epikutikularnih voskova biljne vrste S.rupestre ssp. rupestre.HIGHLIGHTSA comparative analysis of cuticular waxes composition of two Sedum rupestre ssp. rupestre samples was achieved.The major components of both samples (natural habitat, NH and horticulture, HH) were: hentriacontane (C31), tritriacontane (C33) and germanicyl formate (GM).The germanicyl formate structure was determined from the analysis of MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra.Both samples were quite similar in qualitative composition, NH and HH: C31 (2.9% and 4.72%), C33 (31.76% and 41.32%) and GM (61.09% and 50.54%).There was a discrepancy in the percentage representation of the main components

A contribution of the project SEELEGUMES to the re-discovery of Pisum elatius subsp. elatius in Serbia and FYR of Macedonia

European Legumes and Their Traditional Food and Feed Products SEELEGUMES) has been carried out within the EU SEE-ERA.NET Plus programme, gathering together 19 partnering organisations from 14 European countries. One of the greatest achievements of the project was a re-discovery of numerous crop wild relatives of cultivated annual legumes in local floras, with a specific emphasis on "tall" pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.). During 2011 and 2012, five expeditions have been made to the upper flow of the river Pčinja and on the slopes of the mountain Kozjak, where a population of Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius was monitored in situ, from the stages of full bloom in late May 2011, full seed maturity in late June 2011, autumn emergence in October 2011, spring revival in March 2012 and the next reproductive stage in early June 2012. A morphological and chemical analysis of the forage and grain dry matter confirmed a considerable potential of Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius for cultivation, while a prominent resistance to low temperatures has also been assessed

Air quality and thermal comfort measurements in the offices using the low-cost sensors and monitors

The subjective experience of the environment where people live defines the comfort of that environment. The elements of environmental comfort are the air quality, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and sound comfort. The air quality in the room where people stay can significantly affect their concentration, i.e., the ability to work and study. The concentration of CO 2 in the room is used as an indicator of ventilation, that is, as an indicator of the air quality in the observed room. The thermal comfort defines a state of satisfaction with the thermal environment. The thermal comfort is achieved when the environment properties are such that they ensure the release of BAKAR 48 (2023) 1 COPPER body heat within the comfortable limits. This paper presents a part of the air quality and thermal comfort measurement results in the selected office in the Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor from 2020 to 2022. Based on the analysis of measurement results, it was determined that the air quality in the selected office was satisfactory on an average of more than 90% of the working time, and the thermal comfort on an average of about 60% of the working time

In vitro citotoksična i antiinflamatorna aktivnost ekstrakata i frakcija Bruckenthalia spiculifolia

According to our previous studies, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia Rchb. (Ericaceae) possess strong antioxidant activity and hydrogel loaded with 2% ethanolic extract from its flowers and leaves is a potential southing and wound healing agent (1). Ethanolic extracts of leaves, flowers, and herba, alongside fractions obtained by systematic solvent extraction method with solvents of the increasing polarity of liquid-liquid fractionation of areal parts of B. spiculifolia, were prepared. To estimate in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of eight different extracts and fractions, isolated rat peritoneal macrophages were employed. MTT test was used for the cytotoxicity determination, while the anti-inflammatory potential lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production model was utilized (2). Experimental procedures with animals complied with the rules of the European Union Normative. Resident rat peritoneal macrophages were harvested by peritoneal lavage and used for both procedures. Phytochemical analysis was done by RP-HPLC coupled with DAD detection. Tested samples statistically significantly decreased macrophage ability to metabolize MTT, mainly in a concentration-dependent manner. All of them also significantly inhibited NO production from macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, which can be related to either their cytotoxic or anti-inflammatory activity. Quantified polar compounds (especially quercetin-3- O-glucoside) could be associated with better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as with a lower cytotoxic potential. Indeed, fractions obtained with ethyl acetate and water, but also ethanol extract obtained after lipids removal with petroleum ether, showed the most promising effects. These results point out that B. spiculifolia is worth further investigation in order to detect new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agents.Prema našim prethodnim istraživanjima, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia Rchb. (Ericaceae) poseduje jaku antioksidativnu aktivnost, a hidrogel sa 2% etanolnog ekstrakta cveta i lista ove biljne vrste pospešuje zarastanje rana (1). Pripremljeni su etanolni ekstrakti listova, cvetova i nadzemnog dela biljne vrste B. spiculifolia, kao i frakcije dobijene sistematskom ekstrakcijom rastvaračima rastuć eg polariteta tečno-tečno frakcionisanjem nadzemnih delova biljke. Za procenu lokalne antiinflamatorne aktivnosti ukupno osam različitih ekstrakata i frakcija korišćeni su izolovani peritonealni makrofagi pacova. MTT test je služio za određivanje citotoksičnosti, a model produkcije NO izazvane lipopolisaharidom za in vitro kvantifikaciju antiinflamatornog potencijala (2). Eksperimentalne procedure sa životinjama su usklađeni sa zahtevima Evropske unije. Peritonealni makrofagi pacova su sakupljeni peritonealnim ispiranjem i korišćeni za obe procedure. Fitohemijska analiza je izvršna pomoć u RP-HPLC sa DAD detekcijom. Testirani uzorci su statistički značajno smanjili sposobnost makrofaga da metabolišu MTT i to uglavnom na dozno-zavisan način. Svi oni su takođe značajno inhibirali proizvodnju NO iz makrofaga stimulisanih lipopolisaharidom, što se može dovesti u vezu sa njihovom citotoksičnom ili antiinflamatornom aktivnošć u. Kvantifikovana polarna jedinjenja (naročito kvercetin-3-O-glukozid) mogu biti povezana sa boljim antioksidativnim i antiinflamatornim efektima, kao i sa nižim citotoksičnim potencijalom. Zaista, frakcije dobijene sa etil acetatom i vodom, ali i etanolni ekstrakt dobijen nakon uklanjanja lipida petroletrom, su pokazale najbolje efekte. Izloženi rezultati ukazuju na to da vrstu B. spiculifolia treba dalje ispitati u cilju pronalaženja novih prirodnih antiinflamatornih agensa.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra

Native legumes in the flora of Pčinja valley (South Serbia) — species diversity and distribution pattern

The flora of Pčinja valley, as situated in southern Balkan Peninsula, is comparatively rich in native legume species, representing important genomic and breeding resources for legume crops and forages. According to their taxonomical diversity, legume family belongs to the group of most important plant families in the flora of Serbia, and at the same time the second best represented in the flora of Pčinja valley. Considering elements different in origin and ecological requirements this family comprises impressive list of 100 species and subspecies that represents more than 40% of their total number in Serbia. At the same time such a large number of representatives are distributed across the area of hardly 0.17% of whole country area. The genus Trifolium, referring 32 taxa, is the most abundant among all other genera in the flora of the valley. The following genera: Vicia (15), Lathyrus (11), Medicago (7), Chamacytisus (5) and Astragalus (4) are also considerably rich at the family level. The life forms spectrum points at ecological group of annual representatives taking the largest portion of the all legume flora of valley