CYTOMORPHOLOGY OF THE BULBAR CONJUNCTIVAL CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH DRY EYE

Dry eye is among the most common pathological conditions in ophthalmology. The aim of our study was to present possibilites of two different cytological methods for examination of cytomorphology of bulbar conjunctival cells- impression cytology (IC) and combined cytological method for scanning electron microscopy in the diagnosis  of dry eye (ICSEM). A hundred and twenty-two patients of both sexes, in different age groups, were analyzed by clinical method (slit lamp, Schirmer I, TBUT, Rose Bengal) and two cytomorphological methods – IC and ICSEM. In patients with dry eye, squamous metaplasia, inflammation and severe loss of adhesiveness of the epithelium were present. ICSEM gives an advantage in early diagnosis of changes, before the lesion of superficial conjunctival epithelium in patients with dry eye. The phenomenon of metaplasia appears in the epithelium of the bulbar conjunctiva in the absence of manifest dry eye and represents the basis for understanding the increased incidence of this syndrome in older patients with dry eye

The Effect of LASIK Procedure on Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Myopic Eyes

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of applied suction during microkeratome-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness as well as macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness. Methods. 89 patients (124 eyes) with established myopia range from -3.0 to -8.0 diopters and no associated ocular diseases were included in this study. RNFL and GC-IPL thickness measurements were performed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) one day before LASIK and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Results. Mean RNFL thickness prior to LASIK was 93.86 +/- 12.17 mu m while the first month and the sixth month postoperatively were 94.01 +/- 12.04 mu m and 94.46 +/- 12.27 mu m, respectively. Comparing results, there is no significant difference between baseline, one month, and six months postoperatively for mean RNFL (p > 0.05). Mean GC-IPL thickness was 81.70 +/- 7.47 mu m preoperatively with no significant difference during the follow-up period (82.03 +/- 7.69 mu m versus 81.84 +/- 7.64 mu m; p > 0.05). Conclusion. RNFL and GC-IPL complex thickness remained unaffected following LASIK intervention

Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. acetone extract

In the present investigation, effects of Ramalina capitata acetone extract on micronucleus distribution on human lymphocytes, on cholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity (by the CUPRAC method) were examined, for the first time as well as its HPLC profile. Additionally, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant properties (estimated via DPPH, ABTS and TRP assays) and antibacterial activity were determined. The predominant phenolic compounds in this extract were evernic, everninic and obtusatic acids. Acetone extract of R. capitata at concentration of 2 μg mL-1 decreased a frequency of micronuclei (MN) for 14.8 %. The extract reduces the concentration of DPPH and ABTS radicals for 21.2 and 36.1 % (respectively). Values for total reducing power (TRP) and cupric reducing capacity (CUPRAC) were 0.4624 ± 0.1064 μg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per mg of dry extract, and 6.1176 ± 0.2964 μg Trolox equivalents (TE) per mg of dry extract, respectively. The total phenol content was 670.6376 ± 66.554 μg galic acid equivalents (GAE) per mg of dry extract. Tested extract at concentration of 2 mg mL-1 exhibited inhibition effect (5.2 %) on pooled human serum cholinesterase. The antimicrobial assay showed that acetone extract had inhibition effect towards Gram-positive strains. The results of manifested antioxidant activity, reducing the number of micronuclei in human lymphocytes, and antibacterial activity recommends R. capitata extract for further in vivo studies

An overview of the effect of Hypogimnia physodes, Hypogimnia tubulosa, Umbilicaria crustulosa and Umbilicaria cylindrica acetone extracts on frequencies and distribution of micronucleus in human lymphocytes

The Hypogimnia physodes, Hypogimnia tubulosa, Umbilicaria crustulosa and Umbilicaria cylindrical acetone extracts were tested for in vitro protective effect on chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes using cytochalasin-B blocked MN assay at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 μg mL-1. At the concentration of 1.0 µg/mL H. physodes, H. tubulosa, U. crustulosa and U. cylindrica extracts caused a decrease on the micronucleus frequency of 5.4 %, 4.2 %, 10.8% and 5.3%, respectively, comparing to the control cell cultures. Treatment of the cell cultures with acetone extract of H. tubulosa, U. crustulosa and U. cylindrica extracts at concentration of 2 µg/mL showed a decrease in the frequency of MN of 4.2 %, 16.8 % and 11.0% respectively while H. physodes extract at concentration of 2 µg/mL gave increases in MN frequency of 3.3 % (Stojanovic et al., 2013; Zlatanović et al. 2017; Stojanović et al., 2017). Only U. crustulosa extract at concentration of 2 µg/mL showed higher reduction of MN than amifostine (radioprotectant, previously known as WR- 2721) at concentration of 1 μg mL-1 which gave a decrease in the MN frequency of 11.4% comparing to control cell cultures.VII International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2019 : book of abstracts; June 10-14, 2019; Herceg Novi, Montenegr

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF RAMALINA CAPITATA (ACH.) NYL. EXTRACT

This is the first report on the GC-MS profile of the ether-soluble fraction (ESF) of the methanol extract of the lichen Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. (Ramalinaceae). The profile was dominated by orcinol (22.9 %) and its monomethyl ether (30.9 %), which accounted for more than a half of the GC-MS analyzable fraction of ESF. Significantly lower amounts of structurally related sparassol (5.8%) and atraric acid (0.9 %) were also detected. Additionally, ESF contained methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate and methyl palmitate (17.3 %, 7.3 % and 5.0 %, respectively). GC-MS ANALIZA EKSTRAKTA LIŠAJA RAMALINA CAPITATA (ACH.) NYL.GC-MS profil etarske frakcije (EF) metanolnog ekstrakta lišaja Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. (Ramalinaceae), predstavljen je po prvi put. GC-MS profilom su dominirali orcinol (22,9%) i njegov derivat – orcinol monometil etar (30,9%), koji su zajedno sačinjavali polovinu EF isparljive/stabilne pod uslovima GC-MS analize. U značajno manjoj količini su detektovani sparasol (5,8%) i atrarna kiselina (0,9%). Takođe, EF je sadržavao metil-linoleat, metil-linolenat i metil-palmitat (17,3%, 7,3% i 5,0%, redom). HIGHLIGHTSChemical composition of the ether-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of Ramalina capitata was investigated by GC-MS for the first time.Eight compounds were identified representing 97.8%.The most abundant volatiles were orcinol (22.9%) and its monomethyl ether (30.9%).Methyl linoleate was found to be the major ester (17.3%) followed by methyl linolenate (7.3%) and methyl palmitate (5.1%).

EPISCLERITIS AND SCLERITIS - CLINIC PARAMETERS

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most frequent system disease joined with scleritis and episcleritis. Scleritises coupled with system diseases have a considerably more unfavorable course. Recidivism is frequent and can last for years but an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment of the first attack can both reduce the frequency of recidivism. The aim of the paper was to determine whether there are differences in the clinic image of the patients with episcleritis and scleritis of unknown etiology (1 group) and the patients with episcleritis and scleritis, namely, those who also had additional system disease (2 group). The average number of relapses in the 1 group was 4,44 while in the 2 group was 6,36. Unilateral recidvism was present in the 1 group in 33,3% of the patients while 66,6% had recidivates in both the eyes. In the 2nd group the alternating recidivism was present in 81,8% but the difference is not statistically important (p>0,05). A higher frequency of the diffuse type of episcleritis and scleritis in the patients of unknown etiology was recorded. The average time of recovery in the 1 group was 4,93 while in the 2 group it was 7,17; here there is a statistically important difference between the examined groups in favor of the 2" group (p<0,05)

Efficacy of infliximab in treatment of refractory panuveitis associated with Behçet disease

Introduction. Behcet disease (BD) is a chronic multi-system disorder with manifestations in the ocular, urological, articular, and vascular systems. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is believed to play a pivotal role in BD. Therapeutic blockade of its activity by infliximab is a novel therapeutic approach and has successfully led to remission of the disease. The aim is to report two cases of refractory BD-associated panuveitis (PU) treated with infliximab. The patients were followed for 12 months. The main therapy assessment parameters were the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better eye, slit lamp and fluorescein angiography (FAG) from baseline findings and from the final examination. Case outline. A male patient (45 years old, 25 years of BD history) and a female patient (45 years old, 15 years of BD history), both with posterior synechia, 3+ flare and complicated cataract, while the female also had hypopyon, were treated with infliximab administered at the dose of 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. The results for the male patient were as follows (baseline vs. the final examination): BCVA – 0.5 vs. 0.8; cellular reaction – 3+ vs. 1+; FAG – 1/2 vs. 0. The results for the female patient were as follows: BCVA – 0.1 vs. 0.3; FAG – 2/3 vs. 0. After 12 months, relapses or side-effects were not observed. Conclusion. Infliximab is an effective and promising drug in treating refractory BD-associated PU. It promptly reduces acute symptoms of PU, but it still remains to be seen if a long-term remission in a great number of patients will be achieved

CLINIC-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERFORATE EYE INJURIES OF THE CHILD AGE

Due to the perforate eye injuries in the two-year period there were 20 children treated, namely 12 (60%) were with the perforate cornea injury, 5 (25%) with the comeaosclera wound and 3(15%) with the perforate sclera injury. Regarding the sex, there were 14 (70%) of boys and 6 (30%) of girls. In 14 (70%) patients the injuries occurred while playing. In the majority of the cases this was a perforate injury without any remains of the alien body in the eye. The majority of the children were brought to the hospital for the sake of the definitive ophtalmological treatment within 24 hourssince the incident. After the definitive treatment 9 (52,9%) children had an acuteness of the injured eye's sight greater than 0,10

Ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis-different forms and frequency

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with a number of extra-articular organ manifestations. Ocular manifestations involved with RA are keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis, scleritis, corneal changes, and retinal vasculitus. The etiopathogenesis of this autoimmune disorder is still unknown. Aim of our study was to present different ocular manifestations of RA and their frequency. We have examined 691 patient with the diagnoses of RA. All examined patients were in I or II stage of the disease according to criteria of The American College of Rheumatology. Ophthalmological exam obtained: visual acuity by Snellen sings, biomicroscopy of anterior segment, Schirmer test, tear break-up time (BUT), applanation tonometry and indirect ophthalmoscopy. In all patients with retinal vasculitis fotofundus and in indicated cases fluorescein angiography was preformed. The most common manifestation of ocular involvement was keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Episcleritis was diagnosed in 5.06% patients with RA, while scleritis was present in 2.06% of patients. Diffuse scleritis was present in one patient, while nodular was present in 13 patients. There were no patients with posterior or necrotizing scleritis among examined patients. Sclerosing keratitis was diagnosed in 11 female patients. It is characterized with peripheral thickening and opacification of the stroma adjacent to the site of inflammation. Posterior scleritis or scleromalacia of cornea was not present in our patients, because all of them were in I or II stage of disease. Retinal vasculitis was present in three patients, two male and one female patient (0.45%). Ocular manifestation was present in 27.2% of patients. Women were more affected

EYE INFECTION IN THE CONATAL PERIOD

A special attention in the embryo damaging should be paid to mother'sinfections in the first three months of the intra-uterine development. Mother'sinfections can strike many organs of the embryo while a specially sensitive problemis the one with the sense of seeing. Most frequently these infections are caused byToxoplasma gondii, Citomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Rubella and VaricellaZoster virus.The eye manifestations of the congenital toxoplasmosis are retinochoroidities,80% of them localized in the macula region (in 50% ofthe cases in both the eyes), andmicrophtalamos in 40% to 70% of the cases as well as iridocyclities and cataracta.The cytomegalovirus, in a congenital infection, causes chorioretinitis withmultiple yellowish-whitish segments, vasculitis and hemorrhages, microphtalmiaand strabismus.The most frequent changes induced by the rubella infections are microphtalamos,congenital cataracta, retinopathy and uveities.The herpes simplex virus as the cause of a congenital infection leads tochorioretinitis and keratoconjuctivities while the varicella-zoster virus infectiongives rise to chorioretinitis and cataracta