HEURISTIC METHODS FOR SOLVING THE CREATIVE PROBLEMS

Abstract. The development of non-standard thinking helps in solving creative problems. People who think formally can not come up with anything new, thereby destroying creativity. The creative task is an excellent way of revealing the personal abilities of each person. The development of creative thinking allows people to realize their creative potential, their individuality. Heuristic methods in solving problems allow us to express creative thoughts and to activate the creative possibilities of man. Creative thinking is very closely related to the imagination, which is important in any profession. Features of creative thinking consist in the fact that it contributes to the non-standard solution of certain tasks. An unconventional thinking person is able to offer bright ideas in any field of activity, that is, creative activity generates something new, different in originality, originality, and uniqueness. The system of heuristic methods of solving problems is based on logic, sound mind and experience, and the result of all this is new significant information. When solving creative problems, various heuristic methods are used. This is a method of brainstorming, a method of heuristic questions, a method of multidimensional matrices, a method of free association, a method ofinversion, a method of empathy, a method of synectics. The work reveals the essence of each heuristic method, as well as the merits and demerits of each of them. We consider various forms of employment in heuristic ways of teaching, such as the olympiad, heuristic exercises, business games, interactive forms.Keywords: creative task, heuristic methods, methods, non-standard questions, forms

Modeling for the Spread of Water Pollution under Hydraulic Structure with a Rabbet

In industry and agriculture, along with the increasing influence of various technogenic factors on the environment, there is an important problem of protecting water resources from pollution and salinization, as well as the problem of protecting natural water bodies from pollutants. The solution of these problems essentially depends on the results of a mathematical study of the mass transfer processes of migrating substances in the filtration of groundwater. In this paper, we simulate the process of spreading water pollution under the hydraulic structure of a complex architecture. The unsteady equation of the process of mass transfer of pollutants during the filtration of groundwater was approximated by the finite difference method, while the procedure "weighting upstream" was used to approximate the convective terms. The results of calculations showed that the pollution of the downstream of a hydraulic structure depends on the number of rabbets and their location along the underground circuit. The obtained results can be used in monitoring and building predictive estimates of the migration regime of pollution under a hydraulic structure in real time

Minimum density of irrigation of the rotor of a film centrifugal heat and mass-exchange apparatus

© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. For anomalous-viscous centrifugal film based on the energy and moment approaches, equations for the critical fracture radius and minimum irrigation density are obtained. Experimental results are more consistent with data from the moment approach

Minimum density of irrigation of the rotor of a film centrifugal heat and mass-exchange apparatus

© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. For anomalous-viscous centrifugal film based on the energy and moment approaches, equations for the critical fracture radius and minimum irrigation density are obtained. Experimental results are more consistent with data from the moment approach

Распространенность мутации c.5161C>T гена BRCA1 у пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями из Республики Башкортостан

Introduction. Despite the significant progress in investigation of genetic susceptibility to cancers, there are still unclear questions in the field of molecular epidemiology. Numerous new data obtained using modern sequencing technologies require large case/control studies in different populations.The study objective – to investigate the prevalence of BRCA1*c.5161C>T mutation in unselected breast, ovarian and prostate cancer patients from Bashkortostan.Materials and methods. In the presented study, the prevalence of the BRCA1*c.5161C>T mutation was assessed in breast cancer, ovarian cancer and prostate cancer patients (n = 696). The study cohorts includes individuals of Tatar and Bashkir ethnic origin living in Bashkortostan Republic.Results. The BRCA1 mutation c.5161C>T was detected in patients with breast cancer, ovarian cancer and prostate cancer in individuals of Tatar ethnic origin with a frequency of ~1,3 % (6/449), but not in Bashkirs. This mutation was also detected in two individuals of control group (2/700). We conclude that the contribution of the BRCA1 mutation c.5161C>T to hereditary breast, ovarian and prostate cancers, is likely to be small in Bashkortostan Republic.Conclusion. Further research will be required to investigate whether this mutation also plays a role in other populations of Turkic origin.Введение. На основании многочисленных эпидемиологических и лабораторных исследований в области молекулярной эпидемиологии достигнуты существенные успехи в изучении генетической предрасположенности злокачественных новообразований, но еще остается ряд нерешенных вопросов. Применение современных технологий секвенирования позволило получить новые данные, которые необходимо проанализировать с использованием популяционного подхода с вовлечением в работу больших по численности исследуемых групп.Цель исследования – оценить частоту мутации BRCA1*c.5161C>T у пациентов с раком молочной, железы, яичников и предстательной железы, проживающих в Республике Башкортостан.Материалы и методы. В представленной статье проанализирована встречаемость мутации BRCA1*c.5161C>T у пациентов с раком молочной железы, яичников и предстательной железы татарской и башкирской этнической принадлежности, проживающих в Республике Башкортостан (n = 696).Результаты. Мутация BRCA1*c.5161C>T встречается у пациентов татарской этнической принадлежности с раком молочной железы, яичников и предстательной железы примерно в 1,3 % случаев (6/449); у пациентов-башкир она не обнаружена. Данная мутация также определена в контрольной выборке (2/700). Полученные результаты не подтверждают высокую частоту мутации BRCA1*c.5161C>T у башкир.Заключение. В перспективе необходимы дальнейшие исследования для оценки частоты распространения данного варианта в других популяциях, населяющих Волго-Уральский регион России