Genetic Diversity in Local Taraxacum officinale L. Populations from Habitats Varied in Toxic Load

The level of lipid peroxidation (a stress indicator) and the quantitative traits of leaf tissue (the number and size of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts) were determined in Taraxacum officinale L. plants from five habitats near the city of Nizhniy Tagil that differ in terms of the heavy metal content in the soil. It is shown that in pollutedhabitats, the content of heavy metals (Cu2+ and Zn2+) in leaves is significantly higher compared to plants from background areas, with leaf thickness, mesophyll cell volume and chloroplast number per cell increasing. Both Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis and cluster analysis of dandelion genetic diversity based oneight primers have revealed that four groups of plants are closely related genetically. Of the observed differences between five local populations, 78% are caused by intrapopulation variability and 22% by interpopulation variability. It is supposed that Taraxacum officinale’s tolerance to heavy metal contamination in the studied localities is not genetically fixed adaptation, but acclimation within genetically selected rangesof tolerance. Keywords: heavy metals, local populations, ISSR markers, leaf trait

EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES STUDENTS IN BIOLOGY AS A CONDITION UGLUBLENNOGO STUDY OF THE SUBJECT

Thus, extracurricular activities biology is an important component of the system arachno-extracurricular activities of students in the subject. This work is an effective means of training, education and development of students. Overtime work on biology can be seen as a condition for the realisation of individual abilities of students, to awaken students ‘ interest in self-education. Allowing children to participate in the Olympiads and scientific-practical conferences on the biology and ecology of socially significant environmental activities at various levels. In addition, all of this should contribute to the formation of the guys together qualities, forming the ecological culture of personality, active in the protection of nature