Two is too much…in the phonology!: A phonological account of unfaithful multiple reduplication

A purely phonological account of reduplication based on the affixation of empty prosodic nodes predicts the attested typology of multiple reduplication. Languages that can combine more than one reduplication-triggering morpheme in a word differ in (1) whether all reduplicants surface faithfully, (2) whether they systematically avoid adjacent multiple reduplicants, or (3) whether one of the reduplicants is smaller than expected if another reduplicant is adjacent in multiple reduplication contexts. Morphological accounts of reduplication not only violate the modularity between phonology and morphology, they also fail to predict this attested typology

An argument for sub-tonal features: Floating tones in two Otomanguean languages

Assuming that tones are not phonological primitives but have a complex internal featural structure predicts that the same surface tone can have different phonological representations in one language. I argue in this paper that this assumption of sub-tonal features allows a straightforward analysis for different patterns of apparently exceptional or asymmetric behaviour of floating tones. This paper hence argues for the importance of (abstract) underlying representations that allow purely phonological accounts of apparent lexical idiosyncrasies. In addition, it adds to the growing body of evidence for sub-tonal features

Assembly of mitochondria

The majority of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes and transferred to the mitochondria where they are assembled to supramolecular structures. The intracellular transfer of these proteins appears to occur by a post-translational mechanism, i.e., it involves extramitochondrial precursor forms which are translocated in a step independent from translation. The synthesis and transfer of individual proteins was investigated in vivo, or in vitro employing homologous and heterologous cell free systems for protein synthesis. Cytochrome c was initially made as the apoprotein. This precursor protein was converted to the holoprotein on uptake by mitochondria in reconstituted systems. Integrity of mitochondria was essential for the apo to holo conversion. In the case of the ADP/ATP carrier protein, an integral transmembrane protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the initial translation product had the same apparent molecular weight as the mature protein. It was found in soluble form in the post-ribosomal supernatant. Citrate synthase, a matrix protein, was synthesized as a precursor with an apparent molecular weight of 47 000. Transfer to the mitochondria was accompanied by cleavage to yield a molecular weight of 45 000. The significance of these results in relation to the mechanisms of intracellular transfer and of assembly of the individual proteins is discussed

Differing needs of mothers and fathers during their child’s end-of-life care: secondary analysis of the “Paediatric end- of-life care needs” (PELICAN) study

Background: Mothers and fathers are severely challenged when providing care for their terminally ill child at end of life. Caregiving needs have been studied predominantly in mothers. Differences in caregiving needs between mothers and fathers during their child’s end of life have not, however, been explored so far. This knowledge is of importance to best meet individual parental needs in paediatric end-of-life care. Methods: Secondary analysis of a quantitative survey on parental needs during their child’s last 4 weeks of life, collected in the Swiss multicentre “Paediatric End-of-Life Care Needs” (PELICAN) study. Caregiving needs of mothers and fathers (parental dyad) who had lost a child due to a cardiological, neurological or oncological disease or during the neonatal period in the years 2011–2012 were retrospectively assessed using a questionnaire representing six evidence-based quality domains of paediatric palliative and end-of-life care. Results: Seventy-eight parental dyads were included in this analysis. Differences between mothers and fathers were mostly found around needs to be supported as a family. In all, 28 out of 34 needs-related questionnaire items were scored higher by mothers than by fathers, indicating higher importance for that need to be met. The results indicate that these differences might relate to different caregiving roles and gender-specific coping strategies. Conclusions: To best meet parental needs in paediatric end-of-life care, particular attention should be paid to both mothers and fathers and their specific caregiving roles, as differences in these roles might influence their needs in this exceptional situation. Therefore, healthcare professionals should identify how parental dyads mutually navigate care for their sick child to best meet their needs in support. Additionally, mothers and fathers should be supported in their individual coping strategies

DrugExBERT for Pharmacovigilance – A Novel Approach for Detecting Drug Experiences from User-Generated Content

Pharmaceutical companies have to maintain drug safety through pharmacovigilance systems by monitoring various sources of information about adverse drug experiences. Recently, user-generated content (UGC) has emerged as a valuable source of real-world drug experiences, posing new challenges due to its high volume and variety. We present DrugExBERT, a novel approach to extract adverse drug experiences (adverse reaction, lack of effect) and supportive drug experiences (effectiveness, intervention, indication, and off-label use) from UGC. To be able to verify the extracted drug experiences, DrugExBERT additionally provides explications in the form of UGC phrases that were critical for the extraction. In our evaluation, we demonstrate that DrugExBERT outperforms state-of-the-art pharmacovigilance approaches as well as ChatGPT on several performance measures and that DrugExBERT is data- and drug-agnostic. Thus, our novel approach can help pharmaceutical companies meet their legal obligations and ethical responsibility while ensuring patient safety and monitoring drug effectiveness

Templates as affixation of segment-sized units: the case of Southern Sierra Miwok

BLS 38: General Session and Thematic Session on Language Contac

Gradient Symbolic Representations and the Typology of Ghost Segments

Ghost segments are best analysed as weakly active elements under the assumption of Gradient Symbolic Representations (Smolensky & Goldrick, 2016; Rosen, 2016). This assumption allows to predict the attested interactions between phonological markedness constraints and the (non)appearance of ghost segments we find in the languages of the world: first, the co-existence of different types of ghost segments that differ in whether they appear to resolve a markedness problem or whether they disappear to avoid a markedness problem, and, second, the weak contribution to markedness of ghosts. The assumption that all underlying phonological elements have a certain activation that can gradiently differ and might persist into the output structure predicts these two phenomena straightforwardly that are challenging under alternative accounts to ghost segment

Cultural Translation: A Practice-Based Approach to Looking at Transculturality in the Arts

Kulturelle Übersetzer ist das Ergebnis einer Auseinandersetzung von Kunst und Kulturmanagement mit dem Transkulturalitätsdiskurs. Der Sammelband bietet vielfältige Zugänge zum Konzept der kulturellen Übersetzung, das anhand von Beispielen aus einer interdisziplinären kulturellen Praxis beleuchtet wird. Anhand facettenreicher Lesarten der kulturellen Übersetzungspraxis in der deutschen Kulturszene gibt der Band eine mögliche Antwort auf die Forderung Doris Bachmann-Medicks, dass dem theoretischen Konzept der kulturellen Übersetzung die Anwendung „auf konkrete kulturelle Übersetzungsprozesse“ (Bachmann-Medick, „Nach der Hybridität“, S. 47) noch folgen müsse.Kulturelle Übersetzer (eng.: Cultural Translators) is an edited volume published by transcript Verlag and edited by Christiane Dätsch. The contributions examine the concept of practice-based cultural translation, specifically within the German transcultural context of the arts and of arts management, and contribute to the larger discourse about transculturality within the arts. Both those working within the cultural sector as well as practice-oriented cultural studies scholars can benefit from the variety of cases and disciplines presented within the book