IMPACT OF STRENGTHENING EXERCICES ON THE SHOULDER JOINT

Strengthening of shoulder muscles in rehabilitation protocols and sport practice can be achieved by a wide range of different exercises. Very limited objective data is at disposal to emit recommendations for design of a training protocol that aims at minimizing subacromial impingement, stress on the articular cartilages or labrum and excessive tendon elongation of the rotator cuff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of shoulder rehabilitation exercises on the shoulder joint using motion capture and computer simulations of patient-specific anatomical joint structures

Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping: International Rock Climbing Research Association position statement

The research base for rock climbing has expanded substantially in the past 3 decades as worldwide interest in the sport has grown. An important trigger for the increasing research attention has been the transition of the sport to a competitive as well as recreational activity and the potential inclusion of sport climbing in the Olympic schedule. The International Rock Climbing Research Association (IRCRA) was formed in 2011 to bring together climbers, coaches and researchers to share knowledge and promote collaboration. This position statement was developed during and after the 2nd IRCRA Congress which was held in Pontresina, in September 2014. The aim of the position statement is to bring greater uniformity to the descriptive and statistical methods used in reporting rock climbing research findings. To date there is a wide variation in the information provided by researchers regarding the climbers’ characteristics and also in the approaches employed to convert from climbing grading scales to a numeric scale suitable for statistical analysis. Our paper presents details of recommended standards of reporting that should be used for reporting climber characteristics and provides a universal scale for the conversion of climbing grades to a number system for statistical analysis

Pubalgie du sportif

Groin pain is a common problem in athletes who engage in sports involving accelerations, decelerations and sudden direction changes. It is still a frustrating pathology which has significant overlap and multiple problems coexist frequently. The pathogeny remains unclear, but the hypothesis that imbalances between abdominal muscles and adductors exist, has a certain success. Some anatomic and biomechanic factors may play a role in this pathology. A good clinical examination is an important part of the diagnosis and imaging may be helpful to eliminate other causes of groin pain that wouldn't be mechanic. The conservative treatment is long and difficult and must be focused on functional strengthening and core stabilisation

Le syndrome chronique de loge à l'efort (SCLE).Partie 1 et 2

The chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) consists of a disturbance of the muscular function of a compartment related to a rise in the intramuscular pressure of the aforementioned compartment, during an exercise. The most frequent location of this pathology is the leg. The 2 parts of this article are treating the subject. The clinical presentation is often not very specific and the realization of complementary investigations is essential to confirm the diagnosis. Among those, the measurement of the intramuscular pressures of all the compartments potentially accused, at rest, during an effort and especially in phase of recovery, represents the determining criteria. The physiopathological mechanisms implied in the syndrome and currently recognized, are also the object of this 1st part

Les bienfaits de l'activité physique (et/ou les méfaits de la sédentarité)

With the evolution of the development of knowledge and progress in automatic technologies, the human society gradually turned into a sedentary population. It is moreover clearly established that the physical activity is insufficient in Europe and in the developed countries. The physical activity is certainly beneficial for many reasons, but it is especially the inactivity which is dangerous. To date, many scientific publications showed the benefits of the physical activity as well in the treatment of chronic diseases as in the prevention of those diseases. The objective of this article is, on the one hand, to show the concrete influence of the physical activity as a treatment, and on the other hand to briefly review its impact on different systems of the human organism

Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens : utilisation en médecine du sport

Sports medicine physicians often treat painful athletes with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to guide them and the adverse effects of those medications have clinical relevance. Moreover, their potential negative consequences on long-term healing process are slowly growing. This article reviews some practical management guidelines with NSAID drawn to assist sports physicians in frequent sports-related injuries. We do not recommend their use in muscle injuries, bone fracture or stress fracture, neither in tendinopathies. In all the cases, if used, length of NSAID treatment should always be kept as short as possible, with considerations of the specific type of injury, level of dysfunction and pain

L’examen médical de préparticipation à l’activité sportive

Globally, populations are more and more physically active in western countries, also participating in competitions, even if not professionally. The main goals of the sports preparticipation screening is to detect conditions that may predispose to injuries, may cause sudden death, or trigger worsening in preexisting conditions. In Switzerland, primary care physicians are regularly confronted to it. The requests mainly come from people practicing sports in bordering countries, where the examination is mandatory, or from people concerned with their health. This article reviews the essential points of this examination, mainly consisting in history taking and physical examination. On a cardiovascular point of view, it details the main differences between the European and the American recommendations regarding athletes between 12 to 35 years old and those older

Activités physiques: sport et arthrose

Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently a major health problem, both with an important individual and socio-economical impact. The diagnostic of osteoarthritis is both clinical and radiological, without a strong correlation between symptoms and radiographic findings. Participation in sports increases the risk of joint overuse or injuries potentially leading to posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Conversely, sport is a recognized therapeutic and probably also a preventive tool against osteoarthritis, with a positive influence on weight, muscle strength and possibly synovial inflammation. In general, sport should be encouraged individually with an appropriate program and a correct intensity

Plasticité du muscle strié squelettique : effet de l’entraînement et perspectives

The muscle's wide array of functional characteristics is mediated by the existence of fiber types, differing one from the other in terms of contractile and metabolic protein isoforms content. Numerous classification systems have evolved, describing the muscle's physical, architectural and metabolic characteristics. Nevertheless, it appears that those characteristics assemble in more or less independent modules, excluding the development of a generalized classification of muscle fiber types. The discovery of several mechanisms allowing for the muscle to adapt to training or other changes opens new interventional perspectives regarding sport performances, as well as the maintenance of an adequate musculature in patients