The structure of restrictions: a "dual-domination" over the customers in the Chinese housing market

The research tries to explore the restraints imposed on customers in the contemporary Chinese housing market from the perspective of the customers. It adopts "power" as the core concept, uses the method of content analysis, and consults primarily theories of Max Weber, James Coleman, and Pierre Bourdieu. The research uses news reports as data to present the exercise of power on the customers by the Chinese state, and uses texts of housing advertisements as data to present the latent power the Chinese real-estate developers deploys to profit from trades with customers. Put together, the customers suffer from a "dual-domination" from the state and the developers in the contemporary Chinese housing market

Hydrothermal convection in moderately thin spherical shells.

Copyright © 2008 The American Physical SocietyHydrothermal convection of pore water with a temperature-dependent viscosity within a permeable, internally heated, moderately thin spherical shell is investigated by both a perturbation analysis and a direct numerical simulation. The analysis and simulation are mainly focused on a thin spherical shell in that convective instabilities are characterized by the spherical harmonic degree l=6 with a 13-fold mathematical degeneracy. Four different three-dimensional analytical solutions of convection are derived by removing the degeneracy through the nonlinear effect. A direct numerical simulation of the nonlinear problem is also carried out, showing satisfactory agreement between the analytical solutions and the numerical simulations

RESEARCH ON UNBALANCED WEIGHING EXPERIMENT OF MULTI-POINT BRACED SWIVEL CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE

To guarantee the safety of the swivel process, the weighing experiment before the swivel is especially important. Based on this, this paper takes a twin-tower, double-cable prestressed concrete swivel cable-stayed bridge as the background and suggests a multi-point braced swivel weighing experiment involving the joint force of the arm-brace and the spherical hinge to solve problems such as a particular obstacle in the relying project's swivelling process. Firstly, the relevant weighing experiment formulas for various circumstances were theoretically derived. The field test results were then used to calculate the jacking force at the limit state during the jacking process, which was then substituted into the relevant formulae, and the relevant parameters of the weighing experiment were calculated. Finally, the counterweight is adjusted based on the weighing results to carry out the structural rotation. The angular velocity was stable during the swivelling process, and the structure was successfully swivelled. The successful practice of a multi-point braced swivel weighing experiment involving the joint force of the arm-brace, and the spherical hinge can provide a reference for the design and construction of similar bridges

Design from Policies: Conservative Test-Time Adaptation for Offline Policy Optimization

In this work, we decouple the iterative bi-level offline RL (value estimation and policy extraction) from the offline training phase, forming a non-iterative bi-level paradigm and avoiding the iterative error propagation over two levels. Specifically, this non-iterative paradigm allows us to conduct inner-level optimization (value estimation) in training, while performing outer-level optimization (policy extraction) in testing. Naturally, such a paradigm raises three core questions that are not fully answered by prior non-iterative offline RL counterparts like reward-conditioned policy: (q1) What information should we transfer from the inner-level to the outer-level? (q2) What should we pay attention to when exploiting the transferred information for safe/confident outer-level optimization? (q3) What are the benefits of concurrently conducting outer-level optimization during testing? Motivated by model-based optimization (MBO), we propose DROP (design from policies), which fully answers the above questions. Specifically, in the inner-level, DROP decomposes offline data into multiple subsets, and learns an MBO score model (a1). To keep safe exploitation to the score model in the outer-level, we explicitly learn a behavior embedding and introduce a conservative regularization (a2). During testing, we show that DROP permits deployment adaptation, enabling an adaptive inference across states (a3). Empirically, we evaluate DROP on various tasks, showing that DROP gains comparable or better performance compared to prior methods.Comment: NeurIPS 202

Simulations of nonlinear pore-water convection in spherical shells

Copyright © 2008 American Institute of PhysicsHydrothermal convection of pore water of uniform viscosity within a permeable, internally heated spherical shell bounded by two concentric spherical surfaces of inner radius ri and outer radius ro is investigated by fully three-dimensional numerical simulations based on a domain decomposition method. We first determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of hydrothermal convection by expressing linear solutions in terms of spherical Bessel functions. It is found that the basic motionless state becomes unstable with respect to an infinitesimal disturbance characterized by a spherical harmonic of degree l, the size of which is strongly dependent upon the aspect ratio ri/ro. However, the three-dimensional structure of convection cannot be determined by the stability analysis because of the mathematical degeneracy of the linear solution. A new numerical scheme using a finite difference method is then employed to simulate three-dimensional nonlinear convection near the onset of convection. When the aspect ratio (ro−ri)/ro is moderately small, a large number of different stable stationary patterns with exactly the same Rayleigh number are found by using different initial conditions. The solutions are relevant to the convectively forced circulation of water in the interiors of early solar system bodies and outer planet icy satellites