Assessing Physical Activity Determinants in Urban Settings: Comparison of Perceptions and Environmental Audit Findings

Sedentary lifestyles are a contributor to obesity and urban adolescents are less physically active than rural adolescents. Supportive physical activity environments, understood as the geography, observations, and perceptions of features such as recreational facilities, sidewalks, bike lanes, traffic patterns, etc., have been positively associated with adolescent physical activity behaviors within urban settings. As part of a Socio-Ecological intervention to improve physical activity behavior, the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), the Active Neighborhood Checklist (ANC), and focus groups were used to assess the physical activity influences within an urban middle school and surrounding community. The assessments suggested that lack of parks, lack of walkability in the streets, perceptions of crime, lack of school programs, parental and peer influences were barriers to physical activity opportunities. The ANC, PARA, and focus groups each added valuable information for program planning to improve adolescent physical activity behavior

Ignite-Sparking Youth to Create Healthy Communities: A Protocol for a Community-Centered Effort for the Prevention of Adolescent Obesity

Objective: To observe outcomes of a community-centered approach to identifying behavioral and environmental factors that influence overweight and obesity in 6th-8th grade youth in selected lowincome, racial/ethnic communities. Design: Five-year, tri-state, quasi-experimental design with environmental assessments and a questionnaire measuring nutrition and physical activity knowledge and behavior conducted in all communities at pre and post. Setting: Low-income, minority communities targeting 6th-8th grade youth. Participants: One experimental and one control communities will be selected via each state’s Cooperative Extension network through an application and review process with the random selection of participating communities. Intervention(s): Academic institutions will work with community leaders to establish and help support community committees tasked to plan, implement and evaluate one nutrition and one physical activity intervention. Main Outcome Measure(s): Assess environmental changes associated with increased intake and variety of fruits and vegetables; decreased intake of foods high in solid fats and added sugars; and an increase in physical activity among 6th-8th grade youth. Analysis: Baseline and post environmental data and pre and post questionnaire data will be analyzed using t-tests, chi-square, and ANOVA with a p < 0.05 to establish statistical significance

An Examination of Factors Associated With Self-Efficacy for Food Choice and Healthy Eating among Low-Income Adolescents in Three U.S. States

Citation: Muturi NW, Kidd T, Khan T, Kattelmann K, Zies S, Lindshield E and Adhikari K (2016) An Examination of Factors Associated With Self-Efficacy for Food Choice and Healthy Eating among Low-Income Adolescents in Three U.S. States. Front. Commun. 1:6. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2016.00006Background: Self-efficacy is a crucial component in effective health communication and health promotion interventions and serves as a moderator for behavior change. Although awareness and risk perception are important in the behavior change process, self-efficacy gives people the necessary confidence in their ability to engage in advocated health behaviors. In addressing childhood obesity, self-efficacy plays a crucial role in dietary decisions. Informed by the social cognitive theory, this study examines the personal and environmental factors that determine self-efficacy for healthy food choices and healthy eating among adolescents in low-income communities

Engaging Communities to Enhance Physical Activity among Urban Youth

As part of a USDA multi-year grant, this project has used community-based participatory strategies to help overcome barriers to eating more fruits and vegetables and increasing physical activity, and ultimately sparking youth to create healthy communities for a lifetime. The project supports teams of community and school partners in limited income neighborhoods. Obesity is a multifaceted, complex problem, but a sedentary lifestyle is a major contributor to this national health issue. Approximately one-third of children nationwide are overweight or obese; and minority children and those with a low socioeconomic status have the highest prevalence rates. Urban youth have been shown to be less physically active than rural youth. Supportive physical activity environments (understood as the geography, observations, and perceptions of features such as recreational facilities, sidewalks, bike lanes, traffic patterns, etc.) have been positively associated with adolescent physical activity behaviors within urban settings. As part of a socio-ecological intervention to improve physical activity behavior, the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), the Active Neighborhood Checklist (ANC), and focus groups to assess the physical activity influences within an urban middle school and surrounding community were completed. The assessments suggested that lack of parks, lack of walkability in the streets, perceptions of crime, lack of school programs, and parental and peer influences were all barriers to physical activity opportunities. The ANC, PARA and focus groups each added valuable information for program planning to improve adolescent physical activity behavior. From our initial experiences, environmental audits and focus groups are relatively easy to conduct by Extension professionals, working in partnership with a school and community team, and support a socio-ecological approach to improving physical activity with an urban setting.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Susan Zies, Educator, The Ohio State University Extension, [email protected] (Corresponding Author); Tandalayo Kidd, Extension Specialist, Kansas State University Extension; Kendra Kattelmann, Professor, South Dakota State University; Dan Remley, Field Specialist, Food, Nutrition and Wellness, The Ohio State University Extension; Erika Lindshield, Extension Associate/Project Coordinator, Kansas State University; Nancy Muturi, Professor, Kansas State University; Koushik Adhikari, Assistant Professor, University of Georgia; Beth Stefura, Educator, The Ohio State University Extension; Marcia Jess, Program Coordinator, The Ohio State University Extension; Shannon Smith, Program Assistant, The Ohio State University Extension.A physical activity environmental assessment using the Physical Activity Resource Assessment and the Active Neighborhood Checklist instruments was completed as part of a United States Department of Agriculture grant targeting obesity in sixth- to eighth-grade students in an urban middle school. The assessments provided baseline data about the physical environments such as recreational facilities, sidewalk, bike lanes, and traffic patterns, in the neighborhood around the urban middle school identified in the project. Focus groups were conducted with adults and with youth to determine perceptions of physical activity in the neighborhood. The focus group data added valuable insight beyond the physical activity environmental assessment. Crime was a major concern among focus group participants as well as lack of non-competitive physical activity opportunities

Extension's Dining with Diabetes: Helping People Prevent and Manage Diabetes in Ohio and throughout the Nation

Diabetes is a common, serious and expensive disease in Ohio, the United States and around the world. The complications of untreated or undertreated diabetes are devastating and include heart, kidney, eye and nerve diseases. Studies have shown that when blood glucose is controlled, complications of diabetes are delayed or possibly prevented. Extension's Dining with Diabetes (DWD) program is designed for people with diabetes, their family members and those at risk; and it consists of education, cooking demonstrations, and taste testing. Participants are engaged on the topics of healthy cooking strategies, meal planning, portion control, label reading, physical activity, and goal setting. The program is delivered as a series of four face-to-face sessions with a three-month reunion led by Extension educators partnering with registered nurses, certified diabetes educators or registered dietatians. In addition to Extension offices, local community centers, faith-based organizations, libraries and hospitals are often used as locations in which to offer the program. State and local health departments, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies and community health coalitions are active in marketing the program. DWD has been implemented in Ohio for more than a decade, and is now a national program with more than 38 states participating. Dining with Diabetes has a successful history of being implemented in Ohio and adapted by other states. The national program and evaluation provides the opportunity to demonstrate national impact and how Ohio's efforts compare with other states in terms of improving diabetes outcomes. The national program evaluation includes assessment of knowledge, attitudes and skill gains related to diabetes management. Medium-term outcomes include reported behavior change in the areas of food selection, food preparation, label reading, and physical activity. Participants who reported at three months follow-up demonstrated the ability to maintain or improve dietary change after completing the program.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Dan Remley, Field Specialist, Food, Nutrition and Wellness, The Ohio State University Extension, [email protected] (Corresponding Author); Shari Gallup, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Margaret Jenkins, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Tammy Jones, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Jenny Lobb, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Susan Zies, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Marie Economos, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Chris Kendle, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Chelsea Peckny, Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy; Joyce Riley, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Amy Meehan, Healthy People Program Specialist; Brian Butler, Evaluation Specialist, The Ohio State University Extension; Ingrid Adams, Associate Professor; Lisa Barlage, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension; Candace Heer, Associate Professor; Amanda Bohlen, Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University Extension.Diabetes is a common, serious and expensive disease in Ohio, the United States and around the world. The complications of untreated or undertreated diabetes are devastating and include heart, kidney, eye and nerve diseases. Extension's Dining with Diabetes (DWD) program engages participants on the topics of healthy cooking strategies, meal planning, portion control, label reading, physical activity, and goal setting. The program is delivered as a series of four face-to-face sessions with a three-month reunion led by Extension educators partnering with registered nurses, certified diabetes educators or registered dietitians. DWD has a national curricula and evaluation, providing the opportunity to demonstrate national and state-level impact on knowledge, attitudes and skills related to diabetes management

Starting the Spark: An Updated Protocol for the Community-Based Participatory Research Model in the Prevention of Adolescent Obesity

Objective: To develop a community-based program that targets overweight and obesity prevention among adolescents in limited resource, minority communities

Motivation for Obesity Prevention Among Adolescents in Low-income Communities in Three US States

Adolescence obesity is one of the public health concerns that contribute to health disparities in the United States. Low-income communities are disproportionately impacted due to socioeconomic, environmental, cultural, and behavioral factors. Motivating vulnerable populations is a crucial component in health and behavior change communication. This study seeks to understand adolescents’ motivation in the reduction of obesity and promoting healthier lifestyles in low-income communities. Data were gathered among adolescents in 6th to 8th grades (N = 410) with an age range of 11–15 years in three U.S. States – Kansas, Ohio, and South Dakota. There was a relationship between adolescents’ perceptions of support for physical activity in their communities and their motivation for health. Results also show an association between adolescents’ motivation for health and outcome expectancies, both of which significantly differed by state. Other identified predictors for motivation include their perceptions for physical activity and for peers’ motivation to stay healthy. Nutrition-related predictors include adolescents’ perceptions on food availability and self-efficacy for healthy food choice. Ethnicity contributed to the variance in adolescents’ attitudes toward physical activity, perceptions of healthy food availability, and in their motivation for health. This study suggests focusing culturally relevant communication efforts on available nutritional and physical activity support within the environment and on outcome expectations in motivating health and obesity reduction among adolescents. The role of peers as a crucial motivational factor in preventing adolescence obesity should further be explored

Starting the Spark: A Protocol for the Community-based Participatory Research Model in the Prevention of Adolescent Obesity

Objective: To develop a community-based program that targets overweight and obesity prevention among adolescents in limited resource, minority communities

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity Behaviors in 6th to 8th Grade, Rural, Limited-Resource Adolescents in Kansas

Objective: To examine the relationship between self-efficacy (SE) and physical activity (PA) behaviors, explore the facilitators and barriers associated with PA behaviors, and compare differences in PA behaviors between adolescents from the control and the intervention rural ethnic communities in Kansas