Perception of Female College Teachers Regarding the Role of Sports in Controlling Deviant Behavior among the Female Students at College Level

Sports bring positive changes in the behaviors of students especially at college level .the researcher realized that there are many behavioral problems in college among students. Therefore the researcher decided to determine the “Role of sports in controlling deviant behaviors among the students.” This particular study initiated in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa district D.I.Khan. The main objectives of the study were to know the perception of female college teachers about the role of sports in controlling deviant behavior among the students. The population of this particular study was the teachers of 3 female degree colleges in locality of district D.I.Khan. The researcher found that majority respondents agreed that sports participation is beneficial in controlling deviant behaviors among students. They thought that sports is a source of utilizing surplus energy in constructive manner and mostly population agreed that sports develop sociability which helps in controlling deviant acts. Keywords: Sports, Deviant Behaviors & Female Student

EFFECT OF INCENTIVES UPON THE SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES AT UNIVERSTY LEVEL

Background: The reason behind the selection of the current research study was the low performances of the university athletes as well as their meager participation at national and international level sport competition. The main focus of the present research study was to highlight the effect of incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) upon the performance level of the athletes at university level both in public and in private sector university in the province of KP, Pakistan. Methods: the researcher selected 671 athletes and 31 director sports out of total population 3305 from both sector universities as sample. The 82% returned rate of responses were recorded. Proportionate random sampling technique was preferred to provide equal chance to the population of each university for true representation in the selected sample. The required information was collected through five option Likert type questionnaires. The pilot testing (validity and reliability) of the self-prepared questionnaire was made accordingly. Results: The results indicate that non availability of proper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance level of the athletes both in public and in private sector universities of KP, Pakistan. Moreover, the results of the current study also revealed that grater effect was observed in private sector universities than public sector universities. Conclusion: It was concluded that improper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance and motivation level of the athletes as well. Furthermore, the respondents predicted that improper incentives to athletes at university level is one of the obstacles which restrict the participation level of the athletes at national and international level sport competitions

INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL RESTRICTIONS UPON SPORTS PARTICIPATION

The main focus of the study is to examine the effect of religious and cultural restrictions upon sports participation among the secondary schools in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. In this particular study, the formulated research hypotheses were tested by using different appropriate statistical techniques such as “there is no significant effect of religious and cultural restrictions on sports participation among the students of secondary schools in  KP was tested through SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION. “There is no significant difference between the views of male and female respondents regarding the effect of religious and cultural restrictions upon students sports participation†was tested through t-test. There is no significant difference between the views of the respondent category-wise (teachers, parents and Head of the Institutions (HOIs) were tested through ANOVA. The population of this particular study comprised Teachers, HOIs, and parents in the province of KP, Pakistan. The researcher used multistage sampling techniques for the selection of sample. For the purpose of data collection, the researcher developed a Likert type questionnaire comprising 36 questions related to all aspects of the study. The result of this research study indicated that religious and cultural restrictions affect the participation of students in secondary schools of KP, Pakistan

IMPACT OF EXERCISE, DIET, SMOKING & OBESITY UPON LIFE EXPECTANCY

Despite zenith in the field of scientific knowledge, any pin pointed factor behind the phenomenon of longevity and life expectancy has not yet been known. There are so many contributors that work together in affecting the span of life expectancy. Review of the literature reveals that participation in physical activities and exercises, use of proper diet, healthy lifestyle behaviour, avoidance of smoking and obesity are vital and they all have crucial role in determining the length of the life span.  This paper is aimed at to review the existing body of literature in perspectives of the factors contributing or otherwise with reference to the longevity and life expectancy. The factors examined in this paper include exercise & physical activity, diet and smoking. In view of the existing literature it has become evident that life expectancy is something that can be extended to a desirable limit provided consolidated efforts are put forth with reference to health care and healthy life style behaviour. Â

IMPACT OF EXERCISE, DIET, SMOKING & OBESITY UPON LIFE EXPECTANCY

Despite zenith in the field of scientific knowledge, any pin pointed factor behind the phenomenon of longevity and life expectancy has not yet been known. There are so many contributors that work together in affecting the span of life expectancy. Review of the literature reveals that participation in physical activities and exercises, use of proper diet, healthy lifestyle behaviour, avoidance of smoking and obesity are vital and they all have crucial role in determining the length of the life span.  This paper is aimed at to review the existing body of literature in perspectives of the factors contributing or otherwise with reference to the longevity and life expectancy. The factors examined in this paper include exercise & physical activity, diet and smoking. In view of the existing literature it has become evident that life expectancy is something that can be extended to a desirable limit provided consolidated efforts are put forth with reference to health care and healthy life style behaviour. 

EFFECT OF INCENTIVES UPON THE SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES AT UNIVERSTY LEVEL

Background: The reason behind the selection of the current research study was the low performances of the university athletes as well as their meager participation at national and international level sport competition. The main focus of the present research study was to highlight the effect of incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) upon the performance level of the athletes at university level both in public and in private sector university in the province of KP, Pakistan. Methods: the researcher selected 671 athletes and 31 director sports out of total population 3305 from both sector universities as sample. The 82% returned rate of responses were recorded. Proportionate random sampling technique was preferred to provide equal chance to the population of each university for true representation in the selected sample. The required information was collected through five option Likert type questionnaires. The pilot testing (validity and reliability) of the self-prepared questionnaire was made accordingly. Results: The results indicate that non availability of proper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance level of the athletes both in public and in private sector universities of KP, Pakistan. Moreover, the results of the current study also revealed that grater effect was observed in private sector universities than public sector universities. Conclusion: It was concluded that improper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance and motivation level of the athletes as well. Furthermore, the respondents predicted that improper incentives to athletes at university level is one of the obstacles which restrict the participation level of the athletes at national and international level sport competitions

The potential of synthetic biology for improving environmental quality and human health in developing countries

La calidad ambiental es reconocida como uno de los factores con mayor impacto sobre la salud humana principalmente en los países en vías de desarrollo. Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, el cambio climático, la contaminación y las intoxicaciones no intencionales han sido reportados como las principales causas de enfermedades ambientales en estos países. El desarrollo y la implementación de nuevas tecnologías encaminadas a reducir el impacto de estos factores ambientales en la salud es una prioridad de la investigación actual. En ese sentido, la biología sintética ha iniciado una gran revolución al permitir el diseño de novo y el mejoramiento de diversos componentes biológicos, organismos y funciones biológicas que tienen el potencial de reducir los efectos adversos de estos factores en la salud humana de una manera más eficiente y económica.  pesar de que la biología sinttica es reconocida como un área multidisciplinaria donde biotecnólogos, biólogos, físicos, matemáticos e ingenieros unen sus esfuerzos, su alth in developing countries. integración con el área de la salud pública y las ciencias sociales es muy importante para llevar estas tecnologías a la práctica. En esta revisión, nosotros discutimos los más importantes avances en biología sintética y su potencial para mejorar la calidad ambiental y la salud humana en países en vías de desarrollo.Environmental quality is a major factor in global health that mainly affects the poorest populations. Vector- borne diseases, climate change, pollution and unintentional poisonings are recognized as the primary causes of environmental diseases burden in developing countries. The development and implementation of new technologies to reduce the impact of these risk factors on health in developing countries is a priority in the current research. In this regard, synthetic biology, a nearly new research area, has initiated a big revolution through the de novo design or rewiring of biological components, organisms, and functions with the aim to reduce the adverse effects of environmental risk factors on human health. Despite synthetic biology is well recognized for being a multidisciplinary area where biotechnologist, biologist, physicists, mathematicians and engineers play together, its integration with public health and other social sciences seems to be of relevance to apply these technologies into a practical context. In this review, we discuss the major advances in synthetic biology with potential to improve environmental quality and human health in developing countries.&nbsp

The potential of synthetic biology for improving environmental quality and human health in developing countries

La calidad ambiental es reconocida como uno de los factores con mayor impacto sobre la salud humana principalmente en los países en vías de desarrollo. Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, el cambio climático, la contaminación y las intoxicaciones no intencionales han sido reportados como las principales causas de enfermedades ambientales en estos países. El desarrollo y la implementación de nuevas tecnologías encaminadas a reducir el impacto de estos factores ambientales en la salud es una prioridad de la investigación actual. En ese sentido, la biología sintética ha iniciado una gran revolución al permitir el diseño de novo y el mejoramiento de diversos componentes biológicos, organismos y funciones biológicas que tienen el potencial de reducir los efectos adversos de estos factores en la salud humana de una manera más eficiente y económica.  pesar de que la biología sinttica es reconocida como un área multidisciplinaria donde biotecnólogos, biólogos, físicos, matemáticos e ingenieros unen sus esfuerzos, su alth in developing countries. integración con el área de la salud pública y las ciencias sociales es muy importante para llevar estas tecnologías a la práctica. En esta revisión, nosotros discutimos los más importantes avances en biología sintética y su potencial para mejorar la calidad ambiental y la salud humana en países en vías de desarrollo.Environmental quality is a major factor in global health that mainly affects the poorest populations. Vector- borne diseases, climate change, pollution and unintentional poisonings are recognized as the primary causes of environmental diseases burden in developing countries. The development and implementation of new technologies to reduce the impact of these risk factors on health in developing countries is a priority in the current research. In this regard, synthetic biology, a nearly new research area, has initiated a big revolution through the de novo design or rewiring of biological components, organisms, and functions with the aim to reduce the adverse effects of environmental risk factors on human health. Despite synthetic biology is well recognized for being a multidisciplinary area where biotechnologist, biologist, physicists, mathematicians and engineers play together, its integration with public health and other social sciences seems to be of relevance to apply these technologies into a practical context. In this review, we discuss the major advances in synthetic biology with potential to improve environmental quality and human health in developing countries.&nbsp

Antioxidative properties of spices and their impact on postprandial blood glucose in humans

Background: Diabetes mellitus represents disrupted orderly processes of carbohydrate metabolism, in which body cells become unable to utilize glucose. Consequently, glucose molecules pile up in blood and exceed upper normal limit. Spices are vital source of bioactive molecules, which could be useful to treat different diseases including diabetes. Present study was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric, cloves, green cardamom and cinnamon intake on postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels in normal healthy human subjects.Methods: A total of 10 participants including both genders were considered to assess blood glycemic response of said four culinary spices. Participants’ ages were 20-25 years. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) method was employed for glycemic index (GI) determination. In addition to this, antioxidative properties were estimated by 2, 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+)) radical, Folin-Cioucalteau reagent and aluminum chloride.Results: GI values of turmeric, cloves, green cardamom, cinnamon and their combined blend were 83.06, 87.48, 82.27, 73.59 and 69.48, respectively. Antioxidative activity (AA) of spices was 2.63, 1.55, 2.55 2.8 and 3.33, respectively. Regarding antioxidant levels cinnamon contained the highest amount (32.78 mg/g) of total phenolic compounds (TPC) than turmeric (28.7 mg/g), cloves (29.6 mg/g) and green cardamom (15.04 mg/g). Similarly, total flavonoid contents (TFC) were found maximum (6.17 mg/g) in cinnamon relative to the other three spices i.e. 2.66, 4.6 and 1.6 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, GI was inversely related to antioxidative properties i.e. AA (r=-0.88), TPC (r=-0.5625) TFC (r=-0.7716).Conclusion: The results obtained from this present study indicate that spices’ antioxidants interfere with gastrointestinal digestion, lowering starch conversion into blood glucose, effectively. An appropriate intake of spices may be wanted to keep blood glucose level within an optimum limit.Keywords: Antioxidants; Glycemic index; Humans; Spice

Study of governmental barriers/hurdles affecting sports in Secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The study was initiated to know the effect of governmental barriers in secondary schools of K.P.K Pakistan. The main objectives of this particular study were to know about the governmental barriers and their effect on sports activities at school level. For this particular study 5 main hypothesis were made, and tested through statistical techniques i.e. REGRESSION was used to test hypothesis No.1, T Test was applied to check hypothesis No.2 and  ANOVA was used to test hypothesis No.3,4 and 5. The researcher selected Teachers, HOI (head of the institutions), and the parents in the province of KPK Pakistan as population. There were 25 districts in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The researcher selected 11 districts as sample through cluster random sampling technique. The researcher selected 4 schools from each district (2 male, 2 female) by applying convenient or available sampling technique. Similarly, five teachers, one head of the institution from each school and 20 parents from each district were selected through available sampling technique. So, the total number of the sample from one district was 44 and the total number of the sample from the whole province (11 districts) was 484.  For data collection the researcher used a likert type of questionnaire as tool. SPSS version 12 was used for the purpose of statistical analysis. The results show that there is a significant effect of governmental barriers on sports at secondary schools level