Relationship between Parental Bonding and Aggression among Medical College Students in Multan

This study aimed to explore the Relationship between Parental Bonding and Aggression among Medical college students. The study was based on correlational research design. The sample of 110 medical students was taken from Nishter Medical College, Multan, through simple random sampling technique. Survey method was used for data collection. The instruments used for data collection included Buss and Perry aggression scale (1992) (BPAQ),The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI by Gordon Parker, Hilary Tupling, L.B. Brown , 1979 ).The collected data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20).The results revealed a negative correlation between parental bonding and aggression among medical students. Significant gender differences were found in term of parental bonding and aggression. This study can be helpful for parents to identify their bonding with the child and develop new strategies for addressing significant problem. Area of this study was restricted to Multan Nishter College. Future researches can include a large number of participants and also cover large research area for generalizability

INTRAOSSEOUS HAEMANGIOMAS ON HYBRID IMAGING: A PICTORIAL REVIEW

Osseous haemangiomas are benign skeletal tumours, usually identi ed as incidental ndings on different imaging modalities. Bone scan is the most frequent radionuclide procedure performed as metastatic workup in patients with various malignancies. Not every hotspot on a staging bone scan is malignant. Haemangiomas with variable degree of radiotracer uptake on technetium-99m (Tc-99m) bone scintigraphy may be falsely labelled as metastases in background of known malignancy. The addition of single-photon emission computed tomography computed tomography (SPECT-CT) enhances the specificity of bone scan which allows accurate detection and anatomical localisation of scintigraphic findings. We present a case series as pictorial review of osseous haemangiomas identi ed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT CT at our department. Key words: Haemangioma, methylene diphosphonate, bone scan, single-photon emission computed tomography- computed tomograph

Bases farmacológicas del uso de Acorus calamus L. en enfermedades inflamatorias y las vías de transducción de señales subyacentes

Acorus calamus L. se utiliza como remedio anti-inflamatorio en el sistema tradicional de la medicina en Pakistán y la India. Este  estudio fue diseñado para explorar el mecanismo anti-inflamatorio de Acorus calamus L. y sus vías de señalización subyacentes. Fracciones  acuosa, butanólica y de n-hexano de Acorus calamus se ensayaron frente a la ciclooxigenasa (COX) y de la lipoxigenasa (LOX) mediada  por la producción de eicosanoides por el ácido araquidónico (AA). La fracción butanólica de Acorus calamus, pero no las fracciones acuosas  y de n-hexano, inhibieron la producción de COX mediada por tromboxano B2 (TXB2) y el producto lipoxigenasa 1 (LP1) - un metabolito  de la vía de LOX, 12 - (ácido hidroxieicosatetraenoico) HETE - otro producto de la ruta de LOX no fue afectado por  las tres fracciones. La  fracción butanólica de Acorus calamus mostró una fuerte inhibición contra la agregación plaquetaria inducida por AA. La investigación de  las vías de señalización subyacentes reveló que la fracción butanólica inhibió la fosfolipasa C (PLC) y la vía en las plaquetas, probablemente  actuando sobre la proteína quinasa C (PKC). Fracciones acuosas y de n - hexano de Acorus calamus no fueron eficaces contra ningún  agonista de plaquetas. Este estudio muestra que la fracción butanólica de Acorus calamus posee componentes que inhiben el metabolismo  del AA y la agregación plaquetaria a través de múltiples vías

Trade Liberalization and Economic Welfare: A Case of Pakistan

Trade liberalization has now become the main focus of the literature as it is considered as the contributor of economic growth and welfare. The previous literature showed an overall positive impact of trade liberalization on the economy except for few studies; recommend adopting trade liberalizing policies. Whereas in case of developing country like Pakistan, major part of the literature showed positive impact of trade liberalization on the economy. This study examines the impact and relationship of trade liberalization and economic welfare in case of Pakistan. The variables used in the study are; gross domestic product recorded in millions of rupees as a dependent variable, whereas balance of trade is taken as a proxy of trade liberalization as an independent variable along with foreign direct investment, worke

N-(3,4-Dimethyl­phen­yl)-4-hydr­oxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothia­zine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide

1,2-Benzothia­zines similar to the title compound, C18H18N2O4S, are well known in the literature for their biological activities and are used as medicines in the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. The thia­zine ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The enolic H atom is involved in an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a six-membered ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules arrange themselves into centrosymmetric dimers by means of pairs of weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

The antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa L. on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and total antioxidant status

Abstract Research on antioxidant potential from vegetables is increasingly focused on their effect

Frequency of Mandibular 3rd Molar Presence and Position on Risk of Mandibular Angle Fracture

Objective of study was to determine the frequency of mandibular third molar presence and position in mandibular angle fractures. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: This study was carried out in department of dentistry, Nishtar institute of dentistry, Multan. Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 1st July 2016 to 31st January 2017. Methadology: Study was started after taking informed  consent from the patients and approval of ethical committee. Fracture side was diagnosed by history and examination. Status of mandibular third molar (erupted, un-erupted and impacted) on the side of fracture was evaluated through clinical and radio-graphical examination. Data was collected for basic demographics (Age, Sex and side of fracture).Patients from both gender with age range of 25-40 years having mandibular angle fracture of any side of < one month duration were included in this study. Patients with history of extraction of mandibular third molar and those with history of fracture from gunshot injury were excluded from the study.Data was collected for mandibular third molar presence and position and noted in especially designed proforma. Results: A total of 158 patients of both gender with mandibular angle fracture of any side were included. Age range in this study was from 25 to 40 years with mean age of 32.689 ± 3.28 years, mean height 1.612 ± 0.04 meters, mean BMI 23.929 ± 2.08 Kg/m2 and mean duration of fracture was 11.354 ± 6.08 days. Majority of the patients (55.7%) belongs to 25-33 years age groups. While males were 90.5% as compare to females 9.5%. UnErupted Mandibular third molar  was seen in 12.7% patients, Erupted 44.3% and Impacted was 43%. Conclusion: Conclusion of this study is that the absence of an impacted third molar decrease the prevalence of mandibular angle fractures. Keywords: Mandibular angle fractures, Mandibular third molar, Frequency. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-07 Publication date:October 31st 201

The role of endophytes and rhizobacteria to combat drought stress in wheat

Wheat production suffers greatly from drought stress, resulting in yield losses. Endophytes and rhizobacteria have been recognized as a valuable source in mitigating of drought stress by improving plant resistance and growth. In this review, we discuss how endophytes and rhizobacteria help wheat cope with drought stress. During drought stress, endophytes have been found to increase plant water usage efficiency and decrease water loss. Endophytes are harmless microorganisms that live inside plant tissues. Rhizobacteria establish colonies in the root system through various procedures, including phytohormones production, modification of root architecture, and activation of stress-inducible genes, thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing stress resistance. Numerous studies have shown how endophytes and rhizobacteria can improve the potential of wheat to withstand drought. For instance, inoculation with endophytes like Piriformospora indica and Bacillus spp. has been proven to enhance wheat plant yield and drought resistance. Similarly, it has been proven that rhizobacteria like Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense enhance drought tolerance through a variety of mechanisms. To minimize the consequence of wheat under drought conditions, the efficient method is the use of endophytes and rhizobacteria as biofertilizers, which could ultimately boost yields and sustainability. More research needs to be done so that it can be used most effectively in the field and so that we can better understand how they work. We explained current understanding of the role and mechanisms of endophytes and rhizobacteria in minimizing drought stress effects in wheat. Additionally, we highlighted areas of limited knowledge and suggested directions for future research. This review will provide the new suggestion on the role of endophytes and rhizobacteria in mitigating the drought stress in plants