Redukcja autorytetu w procesach specjalizacji i profesjonalizacji

Social and political role of authority in every system has many functions. Contemporary we could discern process of revaluation this relation, some even predicts crisis. Evolution of authority is strictly connected with demands of environment. In traditional system authorities ware responsible for stability and duration. They were a link between the past and the present. Approval of authority was rather unquestionable, political and ethical subject had the same legitimating. Contemporary authority became rather expert, advisor. Authority is someone who know more and better than others. E- authority (authority of expertise)has narrow specialty and usually doesn't make a claim to be persuasive in many fields. Among of main reasons evolution of authority, it is necessary to stress the following issues: change of social structure, change of cultural patterns and values, change of political relations (ex. ideology), change of psychological processes: cognitive and evaluative. Processes of globalization, changing and unpredictable future, technological revolution cause authority has to play today completely different role. The role is due to different needs of their receiver, who is rather individual than collective orientated. Contemporary authority is a link between the present and the future. It's seems that this process will speed up in the future. Evaluation, reduction is alternative way to crisis and evaporation of authority

Hiperkortyzolemia i zaburzenia psychiczne

W artykule omówiono wpływ zaburzeń osi podwzgórzowo-przysadkowo-nadnerczowej na zaburzenia neuropsychiatryczne obejmujące zaburzenia afektywne, w tym: depresję, niespecyficzne zaburzenia nastroju, zaburzenia snu (fazy REM) oraz zespołu bezdechu sennego. Przedstawiono możliwość występowania zespołu paranoidalnego lub atypowej psychozy poprzedzającej nawet na kilka lat ujawnienie pełnoobjawowego zespołu Cushinga. Omówiono diagnostykę, podział i różnicowanie przyczyn hiperkortyzolemii oraz wpływ leczenia neuroleptykami na powstawanie zaburzeń neuroendokrynologicznych. Podkreślono konieczność współpracy psychiatry i internisty w przypadku wystąpienia znacznego wzrostu masy ciała pacjenta w celu wyjaśnienia przyczyny tego objawu.The above notice describes the influence of hypothalamic-pituitary-suprarenal axis abnormalities on neuropsychiatric disorders: affective disorder including depression, nonspecific emotional disorder, sleep REM disorder and sleep apnea syndrome. Possible occurrence of paranoid syndrome or atypical psychosis several years before all symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome are shown. Diagnosis, classification and differentiation of hipercotisolemia are made known, as well as the influence of neuroleptic treatment on neuroendocrine disorders. In author’s opinion - cooperation between psychiatrist and internist to explain etiology of considerable increase of patients weight is essential

M/M/n/(m,V) queueing systems with a rejection mechanism based on AQM

M/M/n/(m,V) queueing systems with service time independent of customer volume are well known models used in computer science. In real computer systems (computer networks etc.) we often deal with the overload problem. In computer networks we solve the problem using AQM techniques, which are connected with introducing some accepting function that lets us reject in random way some part of the arriving customers. It causes reduction of each customer's mean waiting time and let us avoid jams in consequence. Unfortunately, in this way the loss probability increases. In this paper we investigate the analogous model based on some generalization of M/M/n/(m,V) queueing system. We obtain formulas for a stationary number of customers distribution function and loss probability and we do some computations in special cases

Immunohistochemical and Proteomic Evaluation of Nuclear Ubiquitous Casein and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Substrate in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinases substrate (NUCKS) is 27 kDa chromosomal protein of unknown function. Its amino acid composition as well as structure of its DNA binding domain resembles that of high-mobility group A, HMGA proteins. HMGA proteins are associated with various malignancies. Since changes in expression of HMGA are considered as marker of tumor progression, it is possible that similar changes in expression of NUCKS could be useful tool in diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. For identification and analysis of NUCKS we used proteomic and histochemical methods. Analysis of patient-matched samples of normal and breast cancer by mass spectrometry revealed elevated levels of NUCKS in protein extracts from ductal breast cancers. We elicited specific antibodies against NUCKS and used them for immunohistochemistry in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. We found high expression of NUCKS in 84.3% of cancer cells. We suggest that such overexpression of NUCKS can play significant role in breast cancer biology

UCHL1/PGP 9.5 Dynamic in neuro-immune-cutaneous milieu : focusing on axonal nerve terminals and epidermal keratinocytes in psoriatic itch

Psoriasis is an immunogenetic skin disease manifesting as plaque lesions on the skin. Patients with psoriasis frequently suffer from itch, an unpleasant sensation causing a desire to scratch. Psoriatic itch is mainly transmitted by unmyelinated C-fibers; however, the exact molecular mechanism of psoriatic itch is still unexplained. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is a panneurological marker commonly used for analysis of peripheral peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nerves and identification of cutaneous neuro-immune-endocrine cells. However, some studies suggested that nonneuronal cells, like keratinocytes, may also express PGP 9.5. This phenomenon might be linked with impaired axonal transport, keratinocyte injury, or dysfunctions of neuro-immune-cutaneous connections. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of PGP 9.5 in psoriatic skin. We observed significantly altered density of PGP 9.5-positive axonal nerve terminals in pruritic lesional (p=0.04) and nonlesional psoriatic skin (p>0.001) compared with controls. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between psoriatic skin without itch and controls. Furthermore, PGP 9.5 expression by suprabasal keratinocytes (SBKs) was significantly increased in itchy skin lesions (p=0.007) compared to skin without itch, and a positive correlation was observed between PGP 9.5 expression and itch intensity (r=0.64; p=0.02). Our findings indicate changes in peripheral innervations and psoriatic keratinocytes, which may influence neuro-immune-cutaneous homeostasis and modulate itch transmission

Effects of exercise of different intensity on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite in young males

Introduction and research aims: The aim of the work was an evaluation of the impact of physical exertion on the regulating of food intake and digestive system hormone release as well as the partly connected phenomenon of evaluating the subjective sensation of hunger and the amount of food consumed at various time following physical exercise. Materials and methods: The tests covered 12 young, healthy men, for whom the effects of physical exertion of a moderate and high intensity on the subjective sensation of hunger/satiety, evaluated by means of visual analogue scales, on food intake as well as on the metabolic and hormonal parameters were tested. Results: Physical exertion resulted in a fall in the subjective sensation of hunger, but only following intensive exertion was this statistically significant. The intake of food was greater after exertion when compared to the control group. Moderate exertion resulted in a statistically significant but short-lived increase in the ghrelin level. This effect was not observed after intensive exertion, while in those tests during the post-meal period there occurred a fall in the concentration of ghrelin in the plasma. After exertion a physical fall was observed in the concentration of insulin in the plasma, for the intake of food resulted in a notable increase in its level. Conclusions: Physical highly intensive exertion, results in a temporary reduction in the subjective sensation of hunger but leads to an increased food intake. The current research suggests that moderate but not intensive physical exertion stimulates the secretion of ghrelin

The rationale for Multilevel Educational and Motivational Intervention in Patients after Myocardial Infarction (MEDMOTION) project is to support multicentre randomized clinical trial Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Two Ticagrelor-based De-escalation Antiplatelet Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ELECTRA – SIRIO 2)

The Multilevel Educational and Motivational Intervention in Patients after Myocardial Infarction (MEDMOTION) project will be adopted to support adherence to the study treatment in the Evaluation Safety and Efficacy of Two Ticagrelor-based De-escalation Antiplatelet Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ELECTRA-SIRIO 2) a randomized clinical trial.A prespecified sub-analysis of the ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 trial will be performed to evaluate the impact of the results of MEDMOTION diagnostic questionnaires on the clinical outcomes.The study population will comprise of 4,500 patients consecutively admitted to the study centres due to acute coronary syndrome. The MEDMOTION project involves the following interventions: patients’ education, motivation, reminding to take medications and to attend consecutive medical appointments. Dedicated questionnaires will be applied to diagnose study participants with regard to their readiness for discharge from the hospital at the end of initial hospitalization, the risk of non-adherence to the medication at the end of 3rd and 12th month of follow up, and the functioning in disease at the end of 3rd and 12th month of follow up. The primary safety composite endpoint of this study is type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding according to the BARC criteria, occurring during the first 12 months after ACS. The primary efficacy endpoint is the composite of death from any cause, the first nonfatal MI, or the first nonfatal stroke. The key secondary endpoint, net clinical effect, was defined as the composite of death from any cause, a nonfatal MI or a nonfatal stroke, and the first occurrence of BARC type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding.Concluding, it is expected that the comprehensive approach designed in the MEDMOTION project, including use of diagnostic questionnaires, will significantly contribute to obtaining a high level of adherence to medication and improving clinical outcomes in the ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 trial