Improving the efficiency of extinguishing forest grass-roots fires with knapsack forest fire extinguishers

The most effective means of fighting forest fires is the timely detection of fires, monitoring and patrolling of recreation areas, extinguishing of unquenched fires. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of extinguishing forest grass-roots fires with knapsack forest fire extinguishers based on constructive and technical solutions that ensure economical use of fire extinguishing agents. The article presents studies of the characteristics of sprayed water, water vapor, affecting the effectiveness of extinguishing. Optimal ratios of the design parameters of the developed knapsack forest fire extinguishers are given. With a short-term exposure to steam on the hearth, diffusion combustion stops. The condition for stopping the burning of wood is the cessation of flame combustion and cooling of coals formed during combustion to a temperature below the pyrolysis temperature, i.e. below 200 ° C. In the case of heterogeneous combustion, the effect of a jet of water vapor on the centers of smoldering is ineffective. To cool the diffusion flame torch, a steam consumption of 1.9 kg per kilogram of wood is required. The water vapor consumption required to dilute the gaseous pyrolysis products formed from one kilogram of wood is about 7 kg. The presented experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of sprayed water and steam as independent extinguishing agents and means of creating support strips. To achieve a critical level of moisture content, the thickness of the condensate film should be at least 0.1 mm. The effective velocity of the steam source is about 1.5-2.5 km/h

Technological solutions are environmentally friendly safe watering with wide-ranging sprinkler machines

Erosion processes in the Russian Federation remain one of the main sources of loss of soil and crop fertility resources, deterioration of land conditions. The implementation of an environmentally safe irrigation process with wide-coverage sprinklers is an urgent problem and requires improvement of technology, technological techniques for soils with low water permeability. The aim of the study was to optimize the operating mode and technological methods of irrigation with wide-reach sprinklers, adaptation to conditions changing during the irrigation period, exclusion of over-watering and water erosion of soils. The article discusses the schemes of differentiated distribution of irrigation norms and the movement of wide-reach sprinkler machines of circular and frontal action, ensuring compliance of the irrigation norm with the level of moisture reserves of field areas at the time of their watering, reducing the environmental burden on the soil and preserving fertility

ECONOMIC STIMULATION (INCENTIVE) OF BAT IMPLEMENTATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Now it exist the demand for the research of the emerging approaches to the use of new legal means and mechanisms within the framework of gradual introduction of a new system for standardizing the environmental impact in the Russia. It foresees the establishment of an optimal balance of state regulation measures for performing economic and other activities. Federal and regional regulations including legislation and by-laws, as well as legal acts of some municipal units have been analyzed. The paper considers the problems of economic stimulation of the BAT implementation in the Russia which were identified as a result of the analysis of the legal support and practice of introducing the principles of BAT implementation in the RF and its subjects. Approaches to the promotion of the tax incentives principles in the part aimed at achieving the maximum multiplicative effect from the BAT implementation in the economic and social spheres, taking into account regional specificities, are suggested. Some tax mechanisms for stimulating the BAT implementation are considered, including those that are involved within special investment contracts. An additional measures of economic incentives for business entities at the level of subjects of the RF are presented

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

Improving the efficiency of extinguishing forest grass-roots fires with knapsack forest fire extinguishers

The most effective means of fighting forest fires is the timely detection of fires, monitoring and patrolling of recreation areas, extinguishing of unquenched fires. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of extinguishing forest grass-roots fires with knapsack forest fire extinguishers based on constructive and technical solutions that ensure economical use of fire extinguishing agents. The article presents studies of the characteristics of sprayed water, water vapor, affecting the effectiveness of extinguishing. Optimal ratios of the design parameters of the developed knapsack forest fire extinguishers are given. With a short-term exposure to steam on the hearth, diffusion combustion stops. The condition for stopping the burning of wood is the cessation of flame combustion and cooling of coals formed during combustion to a temperature below the pyrolysis temperature, i.e. below 200 ° C. In the case of heterogeneous combustion, the effect of a jet of water vapor on the centers of smoldering is ineffective. To cool the diffusion flame torch, a steam consumption of 1.9 kg per kilogram of wood is required. The water vapor consumption required to dilute the gaseous pyrolysis products formed from one kilogram of wood is about 7 kg. The presented experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of sprayed water and steam as independent extinguishing agents and means of creating support strips. To achieve a critical level of moisture content, the thickness of the condensate film should be at least 0.1 mm. The effective velocity of the steam source is about 1.5-2.5 km/h

Improving the efficiency of extinguishing forest grass-roots fires with knapsack forest fire extinguishers

The most effective means of fighting forest fires is the timely detection of fires, monitoring and patrolling of recreation areas, extinguishing of unquenched fires. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of extinguishing forest grass-roots fires with knapsack forest fire extinguishers based on constructive and technical solutions that ensure economical use of fire extinguishing agents. The article presents studies of the characteristics of sprayed water, water vapor, affecting the effectiveness of extinguishing. Optimal ratios of the design parameters of the developed knapsack forest fire extinguishers are given. With a short-term exposure to steam on the hearth, diffusion combustion stops. The condition for stopping the burning of wood is the cessation of flame combustion and cooling of coals formed during combustion to a temperature below the pyrolysis temperature, i.e. below 200 ° C. In the case of heterogeneous combustion, the effect of a jet of water vapor on the centers of smoldering is ineffective. To cool the diffusion flame torch, a steam consumption of 1.9 kg per kilogram of wood is required. The water vapor consumption required to dilute the gaseous pyrolysis products formed from one kilogram of wood is about 7 kg. The presented experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of sprayed water and steam as independent extinguishing agents and means of creating support strips. To achieve a critical level of moisture content, the thickness of the condensate film should be at least 0.1 mm. The effective velocity of the steam source is about 1.5-2.5 km/h

Sociology of nutrition: theory and practice

The subject of the article is the theory and practice of sociology food supply in Russia. The purpose of the study is defined as the analysis of the main trends and problems of theory and practice of modern nutrition sociology in Russia. The material of the study was the works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of areas of nutrition sociology, as well as the authors ’ sociological research on food culture. Based on the analysis of the main approaches to nutrition research Abroad, the authors highlight the main trends in the development of modern nutrition sociology. The authors ’ sociological research on food culture allowed us to identify the main problems in this area, analyze changes in culture nutrition events that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results of the study we have shown the importance of sociological studies of food culture for a comprehensive solutions to the problem of ensuring food security in the context of economic growth the decline caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Such research is necessary for the development and implementation of comprehensive programs to improve the efficiency of agri-food systems, support for farms and small businesses in rural areas, social and economic support for vulnerable segments of the population

Motor vehicle unmanned driving technology enhancement

The relevance of the introduction of unmanned vehicles, the improvement of their control systems is increasing every year due to the ever-increasing volume of cargo transportation. The undoubted advantages of the developed direction are the reduction of the influence of the human factor, management errors, and, consequently, reduction of the number of accidents, as well as reduction of the transportation costs. The research was aimed to develop the algorithmic, programmatic control of an unmanned vehicle when transporting goods along a given route, in particular, when unmanned vehicles move in a convoy behind a pilot vehicle with a given distance along an arbitrary trajectory. The article discusses the control algorithm, technical means of the control system and the technical vision tracking system. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the movement of an unmanned vehicle based on a serial KamAZ 6520 vehicle

Substantiation of additional humidification of drained peat bogs by canal locking as a way to combat the occurrence of natural underground fires

The main problem today is the fight against annual natural fires. Peat fires cause irreparable environmental and material damage, as a result of which the fertile horizon is completely destroyed, poisonous gases are released, residential buildings and warehouses are destroyed, and habitats for animals and plants disappear. A peat fire is difficult to extinguish, since peat is a powerful water absorber and most of the water sources are located at a considerable distance from the source of ignition, special equipment fails in places where it burns out. The aim of the work is to substantiate moistening by means of canal locking to restore a hydrological regime and to combat the occurrence of fire in the existing drained systems of the Moscow and Ryazan regions. The main locking indicators for 53 years were obtained for two options for moistening in comparison with standard dehumidification. The articles of the water balance were calculated and studied. The optimal variant of moistening the peat bog was chosen, which creates fire-prevention conditions and conditions for the development of agricultural conditions. According to the selected option, water supply is about half of the total drainage flow, there is no need to attract additional water resources

Justification of technological solutions for irrigation with electrified circular sprinkler machines

Improving the quality of irrigation can be achieved by changing the irrigation rate in accordance with the level of moisture reserves of the field areas at the time of watering, eliminating over-watering and water erosion of soils. The purpose of the presented research was to improve the technological process of irrigation with wide-reach circular sprinkler machines, which ensures the reduction of unproductive water losses, improving the quality of irrigation. The article discusses theoretical studies of irrigation technology with circular sprinkler machines, optimized irrigation modes. Based on the conducted experimental studies, a comparative assessment of the work of sprinklers according to the standard and proposed technology, taking into account the adjustment of irrigation norms, is presented. Comparison of standard and proposed irrigation technologies with sprinkler machines showed that irrigation using the proposed technology allows saving irrigation water up to 10%