LINGUISTICS OF INDIRECT INFLUENCE AS A LANGUAGE GAME IN SOCIO-POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Abstract. The article considers the methods of so-called "silence-speech" – specific speech, tactics andstrategies of which are oriented, on the one hand, to the author’s non-identification of some aspects and events of socio-political life; on the other hand, to the use of intentional ambiguity, which violates the rule of accuracy and obviousness of a speech, and at the same time makes it understandable, accessible to the target audience's perception of the speaker. As a rule, such a two-tiered textual corset of the text is formed with the help of appropriate intonation (in oral speech) and a special set of lexical means (in oral and written speech), less often this function is performed by morphological and syntactic language means. The authors of the article suggest several methods of "diagnostics" hidden semantics in the text, as well as ways to verify these "secret" meanings, using the achievements of modern linguistics, communicativistics, psycholinguistics and approaching the classical complex text analysis. Fragments of modern publicistic oral and written speech texts have become the material of this study.Keywords: mass communication, linguistics of influence, communicative efficiency, intention, perlocutiveeffect, implicit semantics, discourse analysis

Sobre a questão de especificidade da linguagem de A.I. Vvedensky

The object of analysis in the provided article is the language-game as a method of representing the author’s vision. The content behind term “language-game” is revealed by an art space of A.I. Vvedensky, Russian poet of avant-gardism and philosopher. It is analyzed a distinction between children’s and adult’s works. The main content of the current study is an analysis of the most effective methods of language-game presentation in artistic communication of the poet, such as free verse, contamination of phraseological units, comparison, semantic indifference of lexemes, transformation of grammar categories, phrase deformation, etc. Based on the conducted research, a conclusion about specifics of the poet’s individual writing style can be made. In Vvedensky’s linguistic poetics, language-game manifests itself at different levels of text function as an important factor to text formation. It is important to note that language-game techniques found in his children’s works are aimed at building a positive dialog and are seen as a positive phenomenon, while his more mature works feature an abstract artistic world with abstract artistic meaning.El objeto de análisis en el artículo proporcionado es el juego de lenguaje como método de representación de la visión del autor. El contenido del término "juego de lenguaje" es revelado por el autor del artículo; un espacio de arte de A.I. Se analiza a Vvedensky, poeta ruso del vanguardismo y filósofo, y se hace una distinción entre obra infantil y obra de adultos. El contenido principal del presente estudio es un análisis de los métodos más efectivos de presentación de juegos de lenguaje en la comunicación artística del poeta, tales como verso libre, contaminación de unidades fraseológicas, comparación, indiferencia semántica de lexemas, transformación de categorías gramaticales, frase deformación, etc. Sobre la base de la investigación realizada, se puede llegar a una conclusión sobre los aspectos específicos del estilo de escritura individual del poeta. En la poética lingüística de Vvedensky, el juego de lenguaje se manifiesta en diferentes niveles de función del texto como un factor importante de formación del texto. Es importante señalar que las técnicas de juegos de lenguaje que se encuentran en las obras de sus hijos tienen como objetivo construir un diálogo positivo y se ven como un fenómeno positivo, mientras que sus obras más maduras presentan un mundo artístico abstracto con un significado artístico abstracto.O objeto de análise do artigo é o jogo de linguagem como método de representação da visão de autor. O conteúdo por trás do termo “jogo de linguagem” é o espaço de arte da A.I. Vvedensky, poeta russo de vanguarda e filósofo. É analisada a distinção entre obras infantis e adultas. O conteúdo principal do presente estudo é uma análise dos métodos mais eficazes de apresentação de jogos de linguagem na comunicação artística do poeta, tais como versos livres, contaminação de unidades fraseológicas, comparações, indiferença semântica de lexemas, transformação de categorias gramaticais, frase deformação, etc. Com base na pesquisa realizada, são feitas conclusões acerca das especificidades do estilo de escrita individual do poeta. Na poética linguística de Vvedensky, o jogo de linguagem se manifesta em diferentes níveis de função do texto como um importante fator de formação do texto. É importante notar que as técnicas de jogos de linguagem encontradas na sua poesia para crianças visam construir um diálogo positivo e são vistas como um fenômeno positivo, enquanto suas obras mais maduras apresentam um mundo artístico abstrato com significado artístico abstrato

Морфологические изменения желез Гардера после имплантации пленок поликапролактонных в роговицу

Имплантация пленок поликапролактона в строму роговицы глаза сопровождается развитием незначительных реактивных изменений желез Гардера в виде умеренного полнокровия сосудов, отека стромы железы, которые обусловливают неспецифические реактивные изменения в железе. Реактивные изменения железы Гардера (умеренное полнокровие сосудов, отек стромы железы) свидетельствуют об экзогенном механизме - хирургическом воздействии на морфологическую трансформацию железы

The altered serum lipidome and its diagnostic potential for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is affecting more people globally. Indeed, NAFLD is a spectrum of metabolic dysfunctions that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). This development can occur in a non-cirrhotic liver and thus, often lack clinical surveillance. The aim of this study was to develop non-invasive surveillance method for NAFLD-HCC. Methods Using comprehensive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry, we investigated 1,295 metabolites in serum from 249 patients. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for all detected metabolites and used to establish their diagnostic potential. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the diagnostic score. Findings We show that NAFLD-HCC is characterised by a complete rearrangement of the serum lipidome, which distinguishes NAFLD-HCC from non-cancerous individuals and other HCC patients. We used machine learning to build a diagnostic model for NAFLD-HCC. We quantified predictive metabolites and developed the NAFLD-HCC Diagnostic Score (NHDS), presenting superior diagnostic potential compared to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Patients’ metabolic landscapes show a progressive depletion in unsaturated fatty acids and acylcarnitines during transformation. Upregulation of fatty acid transporters in NAFLD-HCC tumours contribute to fatty acid depletion in the serum. Interpretation NAFLD-HCC patients can be efficiently distinguished by serum metabolic alterations from the healthy population and from HCC patients related to other aetiologies (alcohol and viral hepatitis). Our model can be used for non-invasive surveillance of individuals with metabolic syndrome(s), allowing for early detection of NAFLD-HCC. Therefore, serum metabolomics may provide valuable insight to monitor patients at risk, including morbidly obese, diabetics, and NAFLD patients. Funding The funding sources for this study had no role in study design, data collection, data analyses, interpretation or writing of the report as it is presented herein

Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in Tatarstan, where thousands of cases are registered annually. Puumala orthohantavirus is commonly detected in human case samples as well as in captured bank voles, the rodent hosts. The pathogenesis of HFRS is still not well described, although the cytokine storm hypothesis is largely accepted. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of a fatal HFRS case compared with twenty four non-fatal cases where activation of the humoral and cellular immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines and disturbed blood coagulation were detected using immunological, histological, genetic and clinical approaches. Multiple organ failure combined with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and acute renal failure was the cause of death. Decreased Interleukin (IL)-7 and increased IL-18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-5, stem cell growth factor (SCGF)-b and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) serum levels were found, supporting the cytokine storm hypothesis of hantavirus pathogenesis

Use of Biologically Active 3D Matrix for Extensive Skin Defect Treatment in Veterinary Practice: Case Report

Objectives: Large full-thickness skin defects represent a serious veterinary problem.Methods: We have developed novel bioactive 3D-matrixes based on fibrin glue Tissucol (Baxter), containing the combination of the adenoviral constructs with genes vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and fibroblast growth factor two (FGF2; construct Ad5-VEGF165 + Ad5-FGF2) or multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, genetically modified with these constructs.Results:In vitro studies confirmed the biosynthesis of VEGF165 and FGF2 mRNA in the transduced cells. Ad5-VEGF165 + Ad5-FGF2- transduced multipotent mesenchymal stem cells showed an enhanced capacity to form capillary-like tubes in vitro. Bioactive 3D-matrix application enhanced granulation tissue formation and epithelialization of non-healing, large bite wounds in a dog. Successful wound healing was observed with a positive clinical outcome for the canine patient. This research and application of regenerative gene therapy alongside a novel bioactive 3D-matrix shows promising clinical applications for the future in both dogs and other mammals including humans

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of cirrhotic patients reveals that Cathepsin D-expressing mononuclear phagocytes are involved in ECM remodelling

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el XXXIII Congrés de la Societat Catalana de Digestologia, celebrado en Lleida, del 25 al 27 de enero de 202

Unraveling the proteolytic network controlling collagen remodeling during liver fibrosis

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 48 Congreso anual Asociación Española para el Estudio del Hígado, celebrado en Madrid (España), del 15 al 17 de marzo de 202

Protease-driven lysosomal activity is a core mechanism for macrophage driven collagen remodeling during liver and kidney fibrosis

Trabajo presentado en el 2nd International Workshop on Liver and Gut Fibrosis, celebrado en Valencia (España), los días 26 y 27 de octubre de 202

Novel insights on the contribution of collagen degradative macrophages to fibrosis resolution

Trabajo presentado en el EASL Congress 2023, celebrado en Viena (Austria), del 21 al 24 de junio de 2023Background and aims: Liver fibrosis is caused by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Macrophages are important effectors for ECM remodelling through recycling of the ECM within acidic compartments and can contribute to liver fibrosis resolution. Proteases, such as cathepsins, are essential for lysosomal proteolytic activity; however, their contribution to ECM remodelling within the macrophages is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the proteolytic and degradative signalling pathways associated to macrophages during liver fibrosis. Method: A novel macrophage-cathepsin D KO mouse strain (CtsDΔMyel) was generated by breeding LysMCre (macrophages) with CtsD-floxed mice. Fibrosis was established by chronic CCl4 administration and bile duct ligation in CtsDF/F or CtsDΔMyel mice and determined by hydroxyproline, Sirius Red, α-SMA, Col1A1 and TGF-β RT-PCR. Proteomic profile was determined by LC-MS/MS in fibrotic livers. Reversion was assessed 72 h post-challenge in a 4-week CCl4 model. Collagen degradation in liver was determined by R-CHP staining. Macrophage polarization and proteolytic secretome was assessed by RT-PCR and protease array, respectively. Collagen degradation and endocytosis was determined by FACS in Kupffer cells (KC). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed using GSE136103 dataset. Results: ScRNAseq analysis and CtsD IHP demonstrated high expression of CtsD in liver macrophages from cirrhotic patients. Next, CtsDΔMyel mouse was validated by FACS and WB in KC and dual IHP (F4/80-CtsD) in liver. CtsD deletion in macrophages enhanced liver fibrosis with enriched matrisome proteomic signatures in chronic CCl4 and BDL models. Analysis of KC isolated from 72hCCl4-treated livers demonstrated significantly lower expression of markers associated with resolutive macrophages (CD206, TREM-2 and TGF-β) and defective proteolytic secretome profile in CtsDΔMyel KC. In addition, CtsDΔMyel KC displayed defective proteolytic processing of collagen I without impairment of the Endo180 receptormediated endocytosis demonstrated by FACS. Analysis of CtsD macrophage subclusters in control and cirrhotic human livers, confirmed cirrhotic CtsD-expressing subclusters were differentially enriched in ECM degradation and organization signalling pathways. In addition, it revealed a decrease in the number of CtsD-expressing macrophage subclusters in cirrhotic livers, which could contribute to inadequate ECM recycling, perpetuating fibrosis and hampering resolution. Indeed, CtsDΔMyel mouse was unable to remodel collagen in vivo when subjected to a fibrosis reversion model determined by both percentage of HP and fluorescent intensity of collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) binding to liver tissue. Conclusion: CtsD is essential in regulating the collagenolytic activity of macrophages during liver fibrosis and is part of a novel and currently unknown degradome landscape of restorative macrophages