Genetic variability and population structure of endangered Panax ginseng in the Russian Primorye

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The natural habitat of wild <it>P. ginseng </it>is currently found only in the Russian Primorye and the populations are extremely exhausted and require restoration. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of an endangered species is a prerequisite for conservation. The present study aims to investigate the patterns and levels of genetic polymorphism and population structures of wild <it>P. ginseng </it>with the AFLP method to (1) estimate the level of genetic diversity in the <it>P. ginseng </it>populations in the Russian Primorsky Krai, (2) calculate the distribution of variability within a population and among populations and (3) examine the genetic relationship between the populations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Genetic variability and population structure of ten <it>P. ginseng </it>populations were investigated with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The genetic relationships among <it>P. ginseng </it>plants and populations were delineated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean genetic variability within populations was high. The mean level of polymorphisms was 55.68% at the population level and 99.65% at the species level. The Shannon's index ranged between 0.1602 and 0.3222 with an average of 0.2626 at the population level and 0.3967 at the species level. The analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) showed a significant population structure in <it>P. ginseng</it>. The partition of genetic diversity with AMOVA suggested that the majority of the genetic variation (64.5%) was within populations of <it>P. ginseng</it>. The inter-population variability was approximately 36% of the total variability. The genetic relationships among <it>P. ginseng </it>plants and populations were reconstructed by Minimum Spanning tree (MS-tree) on the basis of Euclidean distances with ARLEQUIN and NTSYS, respectively. The MS-trees suggest that the southern <it>Uss</it>, <it>Part </it>and <it>Nad </it>populations may have promoted <it>P. ginseng </it>distribution throughout the Russian Primorye.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The <it>P. ginseng </it>populations in the Russian Primorye are significant in genetic diversity. The high variability demonstrates that the current genetic resources of <it>P. ginseng </it>populations have not been exposed to depletion.</p

Sexual and Asexual Breeding in Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer

Far East Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesPromoting Environmental Pesearch in Pan-Japan Sea Area : Young Researchers\u27 Network, Schedule: March 8-10,2006,Kanazawa Excel Hotel Tokyu, Japan, Organized by: Kanazawa University 21st-Century COE Program, Environmental Monitoring and Prediction of Long- & Short- Term Dynamics of Pan-Japan Sea Area ; IICRC(Ishikawa International Cooperation Research Centre), Sponsors : Japan Sea Research ; UNU-IAS(United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies)+Ishikawa Prefecture Government ; City of Kanazaw

Application of DNA Barcoding to Authentic Panax Vietnamensis

Panax L. genus consists of 11 species and sub- species. It distribute in North America and in eastern Asia (mostly northeast China, Korea, Bhutan, eastern Siberia), typically in cooler climates. In Vietnam, up to now, currently five species of the genus Panax and one sub-species have been identified including Panax bipinnatifidus Seem., P. stipuleanatus Feng Tsai et, P. vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., P. pseudoginseng Wall., P. ginseng Meyer. and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. Panax vietnamensis is endemic species in Vietnam that only distribute around Ngoc Linh mountain with the altitude from 1500m to 2400m, in limited geograpgical coordinates from 14055’ to 15007’ north latitude and from 107051’ to 108005’ east longitude. This species is unique Panax species that distributes to 150 north latitude and it is considered as the most valuable medicinal plants in Vietnam. But Panax vietnamensis and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus share many similar characteristics and make people often confused. In this research, we used of DNA barcoding to authentic Panax vietnamensis. We sequenced 4 chloroplast DNA regions includes MatK, rbcL, rpoB and 1 nuclear DNA regions ITS for comparison and choose the best one for identification of the Panax species. Our result showed that ITS-rDNA is the best marker for authentic Panax species. MatK is good for identify at species level but rpoB good for identify at subspecies level. The sequence of MatK, rbcL, rpoB, rpoC, ITS of Panax vietnamensis and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus were submitted to Genebank with accessory number as KJ 418201, KJ 418206, KT 154685, KT 194325, KT154583, KT 194326, KJ 418194, KJ 418193 respectively

The Reproductive Structures of Relict Aristolochia Species, Endemics of Pan-Japan Sea Area

Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Vladivostok, RussiaPromoting Environmental Pesearch in Pan-Japan Sea Area : Young Researchers\u27 Network, Schedule: March 8-10,2006,Kanazawa Excel Hotel Tokyu, Japan, Organized by: Kanazawa University 21st-Century COE Program, Environmental Monitoring and Prediction of Long- & Short- Term Dynamics of Pan-Japan Sea Area ; IICRC(Ishikawa International Cooperation Research Centre), Sponsors : Japan Sea Research ; UNU-IAS(United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies)+Ishikawa Prefecture Government ; City of Kanazaw

千島列島チリンコタン島の維管束植物チェックリスト

[論文

Chemical bonding effects and physical properties of noncentrosymmetric hexagonal fluorocarbonates ABCO3F (A: K, Rb, Cs; B: Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd)

The present work applied the methods of density functional theory and the van der Waals interaction PBE + D3(BJ) on the basis of localized orbitals of the CRYSTAL17 package. It featured the effect of interactions between structural elements of fluorocarbonates ABCO3F (A: K, Rb, Cs; B: Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd) on their elastic and vibrational properties. The hexagonal structures proved to consist of alternating ∙∙∙B‐CO3∙∙∙ and ∙∙∙A‐F∙∙∙ layers in planes ab, interconnected along axis c by infinite chains ∙∙∙F‐B‐F∙∙∙, where cations formed polyhedra AOnF3 and BOmF2. The calculations included the band energy structure, the total and partial density of electron states, the energy and band widths of the upper ns‐ and np‐states of alkali and alkaline‐earth metals, as well as nd‐zinc and nd‐cadmium. For hydrostatic compression, we calculated the parameters of the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state and the linear compressibility moduli along the crystal axes and bond lines. We also defined the elastic constants of single crystals to obtain the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximations for the elastic moduli of polycrystalline materials. The study also revealed the relationship between the elastic properties and the nature of the chemical bond. Hybrid functional B3LYP made it possible to calculate the modes of normal long‐wavelength oscillations, which provided the spectra of infrared absorption and Raman scattering. Intramolecular modes ν1 and ν4 with one or two maxima were found to be intense, and their relative positions depended on the lengths of nonequivalent C– O bonds

MIGRATORY PATTERNS AND POPULATION STRUCTURE AMONG BREEDING AND WINTERING RED-BREASTED MERGANSERS (MERGUS SERRATOR) AND COMMON MERGANSERS (M. MERGANSER) Характер миграций и попуЛяционная структура у Mergus serrator и M. merganser вместах зимовок и гнез ований

Philopatry has long been assumed to structure populations of waterfowl and other species of birds genetically, especially via maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), yet other migratory behaviors and nesting ecology (use of ground vs. cavity sites) may also contribute to population genetic structure. We investigated the effects of migration and nesting ecology on the population genetic structure of two Holarctic waterfowl, the Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) and Common Merganser (M. merganser), using mtDNA control-region sequence data. Red-breasted Mergansers (a ground-nesting species) exhibited lower levels of population differentiation across their North American range, possibly as a result of post-Pleistocene range expansion and population growth. By contrast, Common Mergansers (a cavity-nesting species) breeding in western and eastern North America were strongly differentiated, as were continental groups in North America and Europe. Our hypothesis that population differentiation of breeding female Common Mergansers results from limited migration during non-breeding periods was not supported, in that equally heterogeneous mtDNA lineages were observed in males and females on several wintering areas. The interspecific differences in mtDNA patterns for these two closely related species may have resulted from factors related to nesting ecology (ground vs. cavity nesting) and responses to historical climate change. Давно считается, что особенности фи_опатрии опреДеДяют генетическую структуру попуДяций воДопДавающих и Других виДов птиц с материнским насДеДованием митохонДриаДьной ДНК (мтДНК), хотя Другие характеристики миграционного повеДения и гнезДования (например, гнезДование на земДе иДи в ДупДах) также могут вносить свой вкДаД в генетическую структуру попуДяции. Мы изучиЛи вЛияние миграционной и гнезДовой экоЛогии на генетическую структуру попуЛяций Двух гоЛарктических уток—Mergus serrator и M. merganser, испоЛьзуя Данные секвенирования контроЛьного региона мтДНК.M. serrator, гнезДящийся на земЛе, обнаружиЛ низкий уровень попуЛяционной Дифференциации по всему его ареаЛу в Северной Америке,возможно,всЛеДствие пост-пЛейстоценового расширения ареаЛа и увеЛичения чисЛенности.Напротив, гнезДовые попуЛяцииM. merganser (гнезДящегося в ЛупЛах), на запаДе и на востоке северной Америки, быЛи сиЛьно Дифференцированы. Существенная Дифференциация также отмечена межДу североамериканскими и европейскими образцами. Гипотеза, что Дифференциация попуЛяции гнезДующихся самок M. merganser происхоДит всЛеДствие их ограниченной миграции в негнезДовой периоД, опровергается фактом, что в ряЛе мест зимующие попуЛяции самцов и самок характеризуются равными показатеЛями гетерогенности Линий мтДНК. НабЛюДаемые межвиДовые разЛичия в характере Дифференциации мтДНК ДЛя этих Двух бЛизких виДов роДа Mergus могут быть сЛеДствием принципиаЛьных отЛичий в экоЛогии гнезДования (на земЛе иЛи в ДупЛах), привоДящих к разной реакции на исторические изменения кЛимата